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added findvalues function and better handling with non polynomial expressions and irrational numbers

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urojony 2020-04-28 09:52:08 +02:00
parent d192eac748
commit ee82c6c942
8 changed files with 13240 additions and 682 deletions
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.ipynb_checkpoints/examples-checkpoint.ipynb
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shiroindev.py
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@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ import warnings,operator
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
#Seed is needed to select the weights in linprog function. #Seed is needed to select the weights in linprog function.
#None means that the seed is random. #None means that the seed is random.
class Empty: class Vars:
pass pass
sVars=Empty() sVars=Vars()
sVars.print=print sVars.display=print
sVars.seed=None sVars.seed=None
sVars.translation={} sVars.translation={}
translationList=['numerator:','denominator:','status:', translationList=['numerator:','denominator:','status:',
@ -24,9 +24,10 @@ translationList=['numerator:','denominator:','status:',
#Initialize english-english dictionary. #Initialize english-english dictionary.
for phrase in translationList: for phrase in translationList:
sVars.translation[phrase]=phrase sVars.translation[phrase]=phrase
from scipy.optimize import linprog from scipy.optimize import linprog,fmin
import random import random
from sympy import S,cancel,fraction,Pow,expand,solve,latex,oo from sympy import S,cancel,fraction,Pow,expand,solve,latex,oo,Poly,lambdify
from collections import Counter
import re import re
def _remzero(coef,fun): def _remzero(coef,fun):
#coef, fun represents an expression. #coef, fun represents an expression.
@ -72,6 +73,28 @@ def ssolve(formula,variables):
return result return result
def sstr(formula): def sstr(formula):
return str(formula).replace('**','^').replace('*','').replace(' ','') return str(formula).replace('**','^').replace('*','').replace(' ','')
def reducegens(formula):
pol=Poly(formula)
newgens={}
ind={}
for gen in pol.gens:
base,pw=_powr(gen)
coef,_=pw.as_coeff_mul()
ml=pw/coef
if base**ml in newgens:
newgens[base**ml]=gcd(newgens[base**ml],coef)
else:
newgens[base**ml]=coef
ind[base**ml]=S('tmp'+str(len(ind)))
for gen in pol.gens:
base,pw=_powr(gen)
coef,_=pw.as_coeff_mul()
ml=pw/coef
pol=pol.replace(gen,ind[base**ml]**(coef/newgens[base**ml]))
newpol=Poly(pol.as_expr())
for gen in newgens:
newpol=newpol.replace(ind[gen],gen**newgens[gen])
return newpol
def Sm(formula): def Sm(formula):
#Adds multiplication signs and sympifies a formula. #Adds multiplication signs and sympifies a formula.
#For example, Sm('(2x+y)(7+5xz)') -> S('(2*x+y)*(7+5*x*z)') #For example, Sm('(2x+y)(7+5xz)') -> S('(2*x+y)*(7+5*x*z)')
@ -88,14 +111,14 @@ def _input2fraction(formula,variables,values):
subst=[] subst=[]
for x,y in zip(variables,values): for x,y in zip(variables,values):
if y!=1: if y!=1:
sVars.print(sVars.translation['Substitute']+' $'+str(x)+'\\to '+slatex(S(y)*S(x))+'$') sVars.display(sVars.translation['Substitute']+' $'+str(x)+'\\to '+slatex(S(y)*S(x))+'$')
subst+=[(x,x*y)] subst+=[(x,x*y)]
formula=formula.subs(subst) formula=formula.subs(subst)
numerator,denominator=fractioncancel(formula) numerator,denominator=fractioncancel(formula)
sVars.print(sVars.translation['numerator:']+' $'+slatex(numerator)+'$') sVars.display(sVars.translation['numerator:']+' $'+slatex(numerator)+'$')
sVars.print(sVars.translation['denominator:']+' $'+slatex(denominator)+'$') sVars.display(sVars.translation['denominator:']+' $'+slatex(denominator)+'$')
return (numerator,denominator) return (numerator,denominator)
def _formula2list(formula,variables): def _formula2list(formula):
#Splits a polynomial to a difference of two polynomials with positive #Splits a polynomial to a difference of two polynomials with positive
#coefficients and extracts coefficients and powers of both polynomials. #coefficients and extracts coefficients and powers of both polynomials.
#'variables' is used to set order of powers #'variables' is used to set order of powers
@ -103,30 +126,13 @@ def _formula2list(formula,variables):
#the program tries to prove that #the program tries to prove that
#0<=5x^2-4xy+8y^3 #0<=5x^2-4xy+8y^3
#4xy<=5x^2+8y^3 #4xy<=5x^2+8y^3
#lcoef=[4] #returns [4],[(1,1)], [5,8],[(2,0),(0,3)], (x,y)
#lfun=[[1,1]] formula=reducegens(formula)
#rcoef=[5,8] neg=(formula.abs()-formula)/2
#rfun=[[2,0],[0,3]] pos=(formula.abs()+formula)/2
lfun=[] neg=Poly(neg,gens=formula.gens)
lcoef=[] pos=Poly(pos,gens=formula.gens)
rfun=[] return neg.coeffs(),neg.monoms(),pos.coeffs(),pos.monoms(),Poly(formula).gens
rcoef=[]
varorder=dict(zip(variables,range(len(variables))))
for addend in formula.as_ordered_terms():
coef,facts=addend.as_coeff_mul()
powers=[0]*len(variables)
for var in variables:
powers[varorder[var]]=0
for fact in facts:
var,pw=_powr(fact)
powers[varorder[var]]=int(pw)
if(coef<0):
lcoef+=[-coef]
lfun+=[powers]
else:
rcoef+=[coef]
rfun+=[powers]
return(lcoef,lfun,rcoef,rfun)
def _list2proof(lcoef,lfun,rcoef,rfun,variables,itermax,linprogiter,_writ2=_writ2,theorem="From weighted AM-GM inequality:"): def _list2proof(lcoef,lfun,rcoef,rfun,variables,itermax,linprogiter,_writ2=_writ2,theorem="From weighted AM-GM inequality:"):
#Now the formula is splitted on two polynomials with positive coefficients. #Now the formula is splitted on two polynomials with positive coefficients.
#we will call them LHS and RHS and our inequality to prove would #we will call them LHS and RHS and our inequality to prove would
@ -157,13 +163,15 @@ def _list2proof(lcoef,lfun,rcoef,rfun,variables,itermax,linprogiter,_writ2=_writ
#If LHS is empty, then break. #If LHS is empty, then break.
localseed=sVars.seed localseed=sVars.seed
bufer=[] bufer=[]
lcoef,lfun=_remzero(lcoef,lfun)
rcoef,rfun=_remzero(rcoef,rfun)
itern=0 itern=0
if len(lcoef)==0: #if LHS is empty if len(lcoef)==0: #if LHS is empty
sVars.print(sVars.translation['status:']+' 0') sVars.display(sVars.translation['status:']+' 0')
status=0 status=0
elif len(rcoef)==0: elif len(rcoef)==0:
#if RHS is empty, but LHS is not #if RHS is empty, but LHS is not
sVars.print(sVars.translation['status:']+' 2') sVars.display(sVars.translation['status:']+' 2')
status=2 status=2
itermax=0 itermax=0
foundreal=0 foundreal=0
@ -200,9 +208,9 @@ def _list2proof(lcoef,lfun,rcoef,rfun,variables,itermax,linprogiter,_writ2=_writ
res=linprog(vecc,A_eq=A,b_eq=b,A_ub=A_ub,b_ub=b_ub,options={'maxiter':linprogiter}) res=linprog(vecc,A_eq=A,b_eq=b,A_ub=A_ub,b_ub=b_ub,options={'maxiter':linprogiter})
status=res.status status=res.status
if itern==1: if itern==1:
sVars.print(sVars.translation['status:']+' '+str(status)) sVars.display(sVars.translation['status:']+' '+str(status))
if status==0: if status==0:
sVars.print(sVars.translation[theorem]) sVars.display(sVars.translation[theorem])
if status==2: #if real solution of current inequality doesn't exist if status==2: #if real solution of current inequality doesn't exist
if foundreal==0: #if this is the first inequality, then break if foundreal==0: #if this is the first inequality, then break
break break
@ -214,7 +222,7 @@ def _list2proof(lcoef,lfun,rcoef,rfun,variables,itermax,linprogiter,_writ2=_writ
continue continue
if status==0:#if found a solution with real coefficients if status==0:#if found a solution with real coefficients
for ineq in bufer: for ineq in bufer:
sVars.print(ineq) sVars.display(ineq)
foundreal=1 foundreal=1
bufer=[] bufer=[]
oldlfun,oldrfun=lfun,rfun oldlfun,oldrfun=lfun,rfun
@ -246,25 +254,25 @@ def _list2proof(lcoef,lfun,rcoef,rfun,variables,itermax,linprogiter,_writ2=_writ
lcoef,lfun=_remzero(lcoef,lfun) lcoef,lfun=_remzero(lcoef,lfun)
rcoef,rfun=_remzero(rcoef,rfun) rcoef,rfun=_remzero(rcoef,rfun)
for ineq in bufer: for ineq in bufer:
sVars.print(ineq) sVars.display(ineq)
lhs='+'.join([_writ2(c,f,variables) for c,f in zip(lcoef,lfun)]) lhs='+'.join([_writ2(c,f,variables) for c,f in zip(lcoef,lfun)])
if lhs=='': if lhs=='':
lhs='0' lhs='0'
elif status==0: elif status==0:
sVars.print(sVars.translation[ sVars.display(sVars.translation[
"Program couldn't find a solution with integer coefficients. Try "+ "Program couldn't find a solution with integer coefficients. Try "+
"to multiple the formula by some integer and run this function again."]) "to multiple the formula by some integer and run this function again."])
elif(status==2): elif(status==2):
sVars.print(sVars.translation["Program couldn't find any proof."]) sVars.display(sVars.translation["Program couldn't find any proof."])
#return res.status #return res.status
elif status==1: elif status==1:
sVars.print(sVars.translation["Try to set higher linprogiter parameter."]) sVars.display(sVars.translation["Try to set higher linprogiter parameter."])
rhs='+'.join([_writ2(c,f,variables) for c,f in zip(rcoef,rfun)]) rhs='+'.join([_writ2(c,f,variables) for c,f in zip(rcoef,rfun)])
if rhs=='': if rhs=='':
rhs='0' rhs='0'
sVars.print('$$ '+slatex(lhs)+' \\le '+slatex(rhs)+' $$') sVars.display('$$ '+slatex(lhs)+' \\le '+slatex(rhs)+' $$')
if lhs=='0': if lhs=='0':
sVars.print(sVars.translation['The sum of all inequalities gives us a proof of the inequality.']) sVars.display(sVars.translation['The sum of all inequalities gives us a proof of the inequality.'])
return status return status
def _isiterable(obj): def _isiterable(obj):
try: try:
@ -290,13 +298,13 @@ def prove(formula,values=None,variables=None,niter=200,linprogiter=10000):
if values: values=_smakeiterable(values) if values: values=_smakeiterable(values)
else: values=[1]*len(variables) else: values=[1]*len(variables)
num,den=_input2fraction(formula,variables,values) num,den=_input2fraction(formula,variables,values)
st=_list2proof(*(_formula2list(num,variables)+(variables,niter,linprogiter))) st=_list2proof(*(_formula2list(num)+(niter,linprogiter)))
if st==2 and issymetric(num): if st==2 and issymetric(num):
fs=sorted([str(x) for x in num.free_symbols]) fs=sorted([str(x) for x in num.free_symbols])
sVars.print(sVars.translation["It looks like the formula is symmetric. "+ sVars.display(sVars.translation["It looks like the formula is symmetric. "+
"You can assume without loss of generality that "]+ "You can assume without loss of generality that "]+
' >= '.join([str(x) for x in fs])+'. '+sVars.translation['Try']) ' >= '.join([str(x) for x in fs])+'. '+sVars.translation['Try'])
sVars.print('prove(makesubs(S("'+str(num)+'"),'+ sVars.display('prove(makesubs(S("'+str(num)+'"),'+
str([(str(x),'oo') for x in variables[1:]])+')') str([(str(x),'oo') for x in variables[1:]])+')')
return st return st
def powerprove(formula,values=None,variables=None,niter=200,linprogiter=10000): def powerprove(formula,values=None,variables=None,niter=200,linprogiter=10000):
@ -309,10 +317,11 @@ def powerprove(formula,values=None,variables=None,niter=200,linprogiter=10000):
else: values=[1]*len(variables) else: values=[1]*len(variables)
num,den=_input2fraction(formula,variables,values) num,den=_input2fraction(formula,variables,values)
subst2=[] subst2=[]
statusses=[]
for j in range(len(variables)): for j in range(len(variables)):
subst2+=[(variables[j],1+variables[j])] subst2+=[(variables[j],1+variables[j])]
for i in range(1<<len(variables)): #tricky substitutions to improve speed for i in range(1<<len(variables)): #tricky substitutions to improve speed
sVars.print('\n\\hline\n') sVars.display('\n\\hline\n')
subst1=[] subst1=[]
substout=[] substout=[]
for j in range(len(variables)): for j in range(len(variables)):
@ -321,11 +330,12 @@ def powerprove(formula,values=None,variables=None,niter=200,linprogiter=10000):
substout+=[str(variables[j])+'\\to 1/(1+'+str(variables[j])+')'] substout+=[str(variables[j])+'\\to 1/(1+'+str(variables[j])+')']
else: else:
substout+=[str(variables[j])+'\\to 1+'+str(variables[j])] substout+=[str(variables[j])+'\\to 1+'+str(variables[j])]
sVars.print(sVars.translation['Substitute']+ ' $'+','.join(substout)+'$') sVars.display(sVars.translation['Substitute']+ ' $'+','.join(substout)+'$')
num1=fractioncancel(num.subs(subst1))[0] num1=fractioncancel(num.subs(subst1))[0]
num2=expand(num1.subs(subst2)) num2=expand(num1.subs(subst2))
sVars.print(sVars.translation["Numerator after substitutions:"]+' $'+slatex(num2)+'$') sVars.display(sVars.translation["Numerator after substitutions:"]+' $'+slatex(num2)+'$')
_list2proof(*(_formula2list(num2,variables)+(variables,niter,linprogiter))) statusses+=[_list2proof(*(_formula2list(num2)+(niter,linprogiter)))]
return Counter(statusses)
def makesubs(formula,intervals,values=None,variables=None,numden=False): def makesubs(formula,intervals,values=None,variables=None,numden=False):
#This function generates a new formula which satisfies this condition: #This function generates a new formula which satisfies this condition:
#for all positive variables new formula is nonnegative iff #for all positive variables new formula is nonnegative iff
@ -346,18 +356,18 @@ def makesubs(formula,intervals,values=None,variables=None,numden=False):
if {end1,end2}=={S('-oo'),S('oo')}: if {end1,end2}=={S('-oo'),S('oo')}:
formula=formula.subs(var,var-1/var) formula=formula.subs(var,var-1/var)
equations=[equation.subs(var,var-1/var) for equation in equations] equations=[equation.subs(var,var-1/var) for equation in equations]
sVars.print(sVars.translation['Substitute']+' $'+str(var)+'\\to '+var-1/var+'$') sVars.display(sVars.translation['Substitute']+' $'+str(var)+'\\to '+sstr(var-1/var)+'$')
elif end2==S('oo'): elif end2==S('oo'):
formula=formula.subs(var,end1+var) formula=formula.subs(var,end1+var)
equations=[equation.subs(var,end1+var) for equation in equations] equations=[equation.subs(var,end1+var) for equation in equations]
sVars.print(sVars.translation['Substitute']+' $'+str(var)+'\\to '+sstr(end1+var)+'$') sVars.display(sVars.translation['Substitute']+' $'+str(var)+'\\to '+sstr(end1+var)+'$')
elif end2==S('-oo'): elif end2==S('-oo'):
formula=formula.subs(var,end1-var) formula=formula.subs(var,end1-var)
equations=[equation.subs(var,end1-var) for equation in equations] equations=[equation.subs(var,end1-var) for equation in equations]
sVars.print(sVars.translation['Substitute']+" $"+str(var)+'\\to '+sstr(end1-var)+'$') sVars.display(sVars.translation['Substitute']+" $"+str(var)+'\\to '+sstr(end1-var)+'$')
else: else:
formula=formula.subs(var,end2+(end1-end2)/var) formula=formula.subs(var,end2+(end1-end2)/var)
sVars.print(sVars.translation['Substitute']+" $"+str(var)+'\\to '+sstr(end2+(end1-end2)/(1+var))+'$') sVars.display(sVars.translation['Substitute']+" $"+str(var)+'\\to '+sstr(end2+(end1-end2)/(1+var))+'$')
equations=[equation.subs(var,end2+(end1-end2)/var) for equation in equations] equations=[equation.subs(var,end2+(end1-end2)/var) for equation in equations]
num,den=fractioncancel(formula) num,den=fractioncancel(formula)
for var,interval in zip(variables,intervals): for var,interval in zip(variables,intervals):
@ -370,7 +380,7 @@ def makesubs(formula,intervals,values=None,variables=None,numden=False):
if len(values): if len(values):
values=values[0] values=values[0]
num,den=expand(num),expand(den) num,den=expand(num),expand(den)
#sVars.print(sVars.translation["Formula after substitution:"],"$$",slatex(num/den),'$$') #sVars.display(sVars.translation["Formula after substitution:"],"$$",slatex(num/den),'$$')
if values and numden: if values and numden:
return num,den,values return num,den,values
elif values: elif values:
@ -395,7 +405,7 @@ def _formula2listf(formula):
else: else:
rcoef+=[coef] rcoef+=[coef]
rfun+=[facts[0].args] rfun+=[facts[0].args]
return(lcoef,lfun,rcoef,rfun) return(lcoef,lfun,rcoef,rfun,None)
def provef(formula,niter=200,linprogiter=10000): def provef(formula,niter=200,linprogiter=10000):
#this function is similar to prove, formula is a linear combination of #this function is similar to prove, formula is a linear combination of
#values of f:R^k->R instead of a polynomial. provef checks if a formula #values of f:R^k->R instead of a polynomial. provef checks if a formula
@ -403,7 +413,7 @@ def provef(formula,niter=200,linprogiter=10000):
#provides a proof of nonnegativity. #provides a proof of nonnegativity.
formula=S(formula) formula=S(formula)
num,den=_input2fraction(formula,[],[]) num,den=_input2fraction(formula,[],[])
_list2proof(*(_formula2listf(num)+(None,niter,linprogiter,_writ,'From Jensen inequality:'))) return _list2proof(*(_formula2listf(num)+(niter,linprogiter,_writ,'From Jensen inequality:')))
def issymetric(formula): #checks if formula is symmetric def issymetric(formula): #checks if formula is symmetric
#and has at least two variables #and has at least two variables
if len(formula.free_symbols)<2: if len(formula.free_symbols)<2:
@ -447,3 +457,19 @@ def symmetrize(formula,oper=operator.add,variables=None,init=None):
for i in range(1,len(variables)): for i in range(1,len(variables)):
formula=cyclize(formula,oper,variables[:i+1]) formula=cyclize(formula,oper,variables[:i+1])
return formula return formula
def findvalues(formula,values=None,variables=None):
formula=S(formula)
num,den=fractioncancel(formula)
if variables==None:
variables=sorted(num.free_symbols,key=str)
num=num.subs(zip(variables,list(map(lambda x:x**2,variables))))
num=Poly(num)
newformula=S((num.abs()+num)/(num.abs()-num))
f=lambdify(variables,newformula)
f2=lambda x:f(*x)
if values==None:
values=[1.0]*len(variables)
else:
values=S(values)
tup=tuple(fmin(f2,values))
return tuple([x*x for x in tup])

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