class as_form:
    def __init__(self, C, g):
        self.curve = C
        n = C.height
        F = C.base_ring
        variable_names = 'x, y'
        for i in range(n):
            variable_names += ', z' + str(i)
        Rxyz = PolynomialRing(F, n+2, variable_names)
        x, y = Rxyz.gens()[:2]
        z = Rxyz.gens()[2:]
        RxyzQ = FractionField(Rxyz)
        self.form = RxyzQ(g)
        
    def __repr__(self):
        return "(" + str(self.form)+") * dx"
    
    def expansion_at_infty(self, i = 0):
        C = self.curve
        delta = C.nb_of_pts_at_infty
        F = C.base_ring
        x_series = C.x[i]
        y_series = C.y[i]
        z_series = C.z[i]
        dx_series = C.dx[i]
        n = C.height
        variable_names = 'x, y'
        for j in range(n):
            variable_names += ', z' + str(j)
        Rxyz = PolynomialRing(F, n+2, variable_names)
        x, y = Rxyz.gens()[:2]
        z = Rxyz.gens()[2:]
        RxyzQ = FractionField(Rxyz)
        prec = C.prec
        Rt.<t> = LaurentSeriesRing(F, default_prec=prec)
        g = self.form
        sub_list = {x : x_series, y : y_series} | {z[j] : z_series[j] for j in range(n)}
        return g.substitute(sub_list)*dx_series
    
    def __add__(self, other):
        C = self.curve
        g1 = self.form
        g2 = other.form
        return as_form(C, g1 + g2)
    
    def __sub__(self, other):
        C = self.curve
        g1 = self.form
        g2 = other.form
        return as_form(C, g1 - g2)
    
    def __rmul__(self, constant):
        C = self.curve
        omega = self.form
        return as_form(C, constant*omega)

    def group_action(self, ZN_tuple):
        C = self.curve
        n = C.height
        F = C.base_ring
        variable_names = 'x, y'
        for j in range(n):
            variable_names += ', z' + str(j)
        Rxyz = PolynomialRing(F, n+2, variable_names)
        x, y = Rxyz.gens()[:2]
        z = Rxyz.gens()[2:]
        RxyzQ = FractionField(Rxyz)
        sub_list = {x : x, y : y} | {z[j] : z[j]+ZN_tuple[j] for j in range(n)}
        g = self.form
        return as_form(C, g.substitute(sub_list))

    def coordinates(self, holo):
        """Find coordinates of the given form self in terms of the basis forms in a list holo."""
        C = self.curve
        n = C.height
        gC = C.genus()
        F = C.base_ring
        variable_names = 'x, y'
        for j in range(n):
            variable_names += ', z' + str(j)
        Rxyz = PolynomialRing(F, n+2, variable_names)
        x, y = Rxyz.gens()[:2]
        z = Rxyz.gens()[2:]
        from sage.rings.polynomial.toy_variety import linear_representation
        return linear_representation(Rxyz(self.form), holo)

    def trace(self):
        C = self.curve
        C_super = C.quotient
        n = C.height
        F = C.base_ring
        variable_names = 'x, y'
        for j in range(n):
            variable_names += ', z' + str(j)
        Rxyz = PolynomialRing(F, n+2, variable_names)
        x, y = Rxyz.gens()[:2]
        z = Rxyz.gens()[2:]
        RxyzQ = FractionField(Rxyz)
        result = as_form(C, 0)
        G = C.group
        for a in G:
            result += self.group_action(a)
        result = result.form
        Rxy.<x, y> = PolynomialRing(F, 2)
        Qxy = FractionField(Rxy)
        result = as_reduction(AS, result)
        return superelliptic_form(C_super, Qxy(result))

    def residue(self, place=0):
        return self.expansion_at_infty(i = place).residue()

    def valuation(self, place=0):
        return self.expansion_at_infty(i = place).valuation()

def artin_schreier_transform(power_series, prec = 10):
    """Given a power_series, find correction such that power_series - (correction)^p +correction has valuation
       -jump non divisible by p. Also, express t (the variable) in terms of the uniformizer at infty on the curve
       z^p - z = power_series, where z = 1/t_new^(jump) and express z in terms of the new uniformizer."""
    correction = 0
    F = power_series.parent().base()
    p = F.characteristic()
    Rt.<t> = LaurentSeriesRing(F, default_prec=prec)
    RtQ = FractionField(Rt)
    power_series = RtQ(power_series)
    if power_series.valuation() == +Infinity:
        raise ValueError("Precision is too low.")
    while(power_series.valuation() % p == 0 and power_series.valuation() < 0):
        M = -power_series.valuation()/p
        coeff = power_series.list()[0]   #wspolczynnik a_(-p) w f_AS
        correction += coeff.nth_root(p)*t^(-M)
        power_series = power_series - (coeff*t^(-p*M) - coeff.nth_root(p)*t^(-M))
    jump = max(-(power_series.valuation()), 0)
    try:
        T = ((power_series)^(-1)).nth_root(jump) #T is defined by power_series = 1/T^m
    except:
        print("no ", str(jump), "-th root; divide by", power_series.list()[0])
        return (jump, power_series.list()[0])
    T_rev = new_reverse(T, prec = prec)
    t_old = T_rev(t^p/(1 - t^((p-1)*jump)).nth_root(jump))
    z = 1/t^(jump) + Rt(correction)(t = t_old)
    return(jump, correction, t_old, z)


def are_forms_linearly_dependent(set_of_forms):
    from sage.rings.polynomial.toy_variety import is_linearly_dependent
    C = set_of_forms[0].curve
    F = C.base_ring
    n = C.height
    variable_names = 'x, y'
    for i in range(n):
        variable_names += ', z' + str(i)
    Rxyz = PolynomialRing(F, n+2, variable_names)
    denominators = prod(denominator(omega.form) for omega in set_of_forms)
    return is_linearly_dependent([Rxyz(denominators*omega.form) for omega in set_of_forms])

#given a set S of (form, corresponding Laurent series at some pt), find their combinations holomorphic at that pt
def holomorphic_combinations_fcts(S, pole_order):
    C_AS = S[0][0].curve
    p = C_AS.characteristic
    F = C_AS.base_ring
    prec = C_AS.prec
    Rt.<t> = LaurentSeriesRing(F, default_prec=prec)
    RtQ = FractionField(Rt)
    minimal_valuation = min([Rt(g[1]).valuation() for g in S])
    if minimal_valuation >= -pole_order:
        return [s[0] for s in S]
    list_of_lists = [] #to będzie lista złożona z list współczynników część nieholomorficznych rozwinięcia form z S
    for eta, eta_exp in S:
        a = -minimal_valuation + Rt(eta_exp).valuation()
        list_coeffs = a*[0] + Rt(eta_exp).list() + (-minimal_valuation)*[0]
        list_coeffs = list_coeffs[:-minimal_valuation - pole_order]
        list_of_lists += [list_coeffs]
    M = matrix(F, list_of_lists)
    V = M.kernel() #chcemy wyzerować części nieholomorficzne, biorąc kombinacje form z S


    # Sprawdzamy, jakim formom odpowiadają elementy V.
    forms = []
    for vec in V.basis():
        forma_holo = as_function(C_AS, 0)
        forma_holo_power_series = Rt(0)
        for vec_wspolrzedna, elt_S in zip(vec, S):
            eta = elt_S[0]
            #eta_exp = elt_S[1]
            forma_holo += vec_wspolrzedna*eta
            #forma_holo_power_series += vec_wspolrzedna*eta_exp
        forms += [forma_holo]
    return forms

#given a set S of (form, corresponding Laurent series at some pt), find their combinations holomorphic at that pt
def holomorphic_combinations_forms(S, pole_order):
    C_AS = S[0][0].curve
    p = C_AS.characteristic
    F = C_AS.base_ring
    prec = C_AS.prec
    Rt.<t> = LaurentSeriesRing(F, default_prec=prec)
    RtQ = FractionField(Rt)
    minimal_valuation = min([Rt(g[1]).valuation() for g in S])
    if minimal_valuation >= -pole_order:
        return [s[0] for s in S]
    list_of_lists = [] #to będzie lista złożona z list współczynników część nieholomorficznych rozwinięcia form z S
    for eta, eta_exp in S:
        a = -minimal_valuation + Rt(eta_exp).valuation()
        list_coeffs = a*[0] + Rt(eta_exp).list() + (-minimal_valuation)*[0]
        list_coeffs = list_coeffs[:-minimal_valuation - pole_order]
        list_of_lists += [list_coeffs]
    M = matrix(F, list_of_lists)
    V = M.kernel() #chcemy wyzerować części nieholomorficzne, biorąc kombinacje form z S


    # Sprawdzamy, jakim formom odpowiadają elementy V.
    forms = []
    for vec in V.basis():
        forma_holo = as_form(C_AS, 0)
        forma_holo_power_series = Rt(0)
        for vec_wspolrzedna, elt_S in zip(vec, S):
            eta = elt_S[0]
            #eta_exp = elt_S[1]
            forma_holo += vec_wspolrzedna*eta
            #forma_holo_power_series += vec_wspolrzedna*eta_exp
        forms += [forma_holo]
    return forms

#print only forms that are log at the branch pts, but not holomorphic
def only_log_forms(C_AS):
    list1 = AS.at_most_poles_forms(0)
    list2 = AS.at_most_poles_forms(1)
    result = []
    for a in list2:
        if not(are_forms_linearly_dependent(list1 + result + [a])):
            result += [a]
    return result