2008-03-27 20:49:46 +01:00
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GNU Free Documentation License
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Version 1.2, November 2002
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Copyright (c) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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0. PREAMBLE
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The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and
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useful document free in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom
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to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
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Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
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to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications
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made by others.
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This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that derivative works of the document
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must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public
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License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.
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We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because
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free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals
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providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to
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software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
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whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
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works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
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1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
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This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a
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notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms
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of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in
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duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The “Document”,
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below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and
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is addressed as “you”. You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work
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in a way requiring permission under copyright law.
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A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the Document or
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a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into
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another language.
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A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document
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that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document
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to the Document’s overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that
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could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a
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textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The
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relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related
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matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
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them.
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The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as
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being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released
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under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is
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not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant
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Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.
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The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover
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Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under
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this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may
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be at most 25 words.
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A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented
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in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for
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revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed
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of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing
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editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to
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a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise
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Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to
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thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image
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format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is
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not “Transparent” is called “Opaque”.
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Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ascii without
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markup, Texinfo input format, LaTEX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly
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available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed
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for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF
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and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and edited
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only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
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processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML,
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PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes only.
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The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following
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pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the
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title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title Page”
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means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work’s title, preceding the
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beginning of the body of the text.
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A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document whose title either
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is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in
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another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such
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as “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”, “Endorsements”, or “History”.) To “Preserve
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the Title” of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
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section “Entitled XYZ” according to this definition.
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The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that
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this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to
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be included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties:
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any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no
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effect on the meaning of this License.
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2. VERBATIM COPYING
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You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or
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noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license
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notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and
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that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
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technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies
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you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies.
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If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions
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in section 3.
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You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly
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display copies.
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3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
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If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of
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the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document’s license notice requires
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Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
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these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
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the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher
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of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title
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equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
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Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
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Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other
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respects.
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If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put
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the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the
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rest onto adjacent pages.
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If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
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you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque
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copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which
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the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network
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protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If
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you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
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distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
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remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time
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you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
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edition to the public.
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It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well
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before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you
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with an updated version of the Document.
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4. MODIFICATIONS
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You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions
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of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely
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this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
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distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of
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it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
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A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the
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Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any,
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be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as
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a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
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B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for
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authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five
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of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer
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than five), unless they release you from this requirement.
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C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the
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publisher.
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D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
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E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other
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copyright notices.
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F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public
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permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form
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shown in the Addendum below.
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G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover
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Texts given in the Document’s license notice.
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H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
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I. Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title, and add to it an item
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stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version
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as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled “History” in the Document,
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create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document
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as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as
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stated in the previous sentence.
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J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to
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a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in
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the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the
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“History” section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published
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at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the
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version it refers to gives permission.
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K. For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”, Preserve the Title
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of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the
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contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
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L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and
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in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the
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section titles.
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M. Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section may not be included
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in the Modified Version.
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N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled “Endorsements” or to conflict in
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title with any Invariant Section.
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O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
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If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify
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as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at
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your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their
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titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s license notice. These
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titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
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You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains nothing but
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endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties—for example, statements of
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peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
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definition of a standard.
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You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up
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to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified
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Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be
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added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
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includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement
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made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but
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you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that
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added the old one.
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The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission
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to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified
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Version.
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5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
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You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License,
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under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you
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include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
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unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license
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notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
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The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical
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Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant
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Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section
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unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or
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publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment
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to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined
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work.
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In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled “History” in the various
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original documents, forming one section Entitled “History”; likewise combine any
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sections Entitled “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You
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must delete all sections Entitled “Endorsements.”
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6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
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You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released
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under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various
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documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you
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follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all
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other respects.
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You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually
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under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted
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document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of
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that document.
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7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
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A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent
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documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called
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an “aggregate” if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
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legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works permit. When
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the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other
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works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
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If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document,
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then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover
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Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
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electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they
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must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
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8. TRANSLATION
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Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations
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of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with
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translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may
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include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions
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of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the
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license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you
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also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of
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those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and
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the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
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prevail.
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If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”, or “History”,
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the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require
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changing the actual title.
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9. TERMINATION
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You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly
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provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or
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distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
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this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
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License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full
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compliance.
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10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
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The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free
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Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit
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to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
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See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
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Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document
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specifies that a particular numbered version of this License “or any later version”
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applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that
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specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by
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the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of
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this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
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Software Foundation.
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