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bednarco 2021-01-04 16:43:22 +01:00
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# Repo-specific DockerIgnore -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#.git
.cache
.idea
runs
output
coco
storage.googleapis.com
data/samples/*
**/results*.txt
*.jpg
# Neural Network weights -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**/*.weights
**/*.pt
**/*.pth
**/*.onnx
**/*.mlmodel
**/*.torchscript
# Below Copied From .gitignore -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Below Copied From .gitignore -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# GitHub Python GitIgnore ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
__pycache__/
*.py[cod]
*$py.class
# C extensions
*.so
# Distribution / packaging
.Python
env/
build/
develop-eggs/
dist/
downloads/
eggs/
.eggs/
lib/
lib64/
parts/
sdist/
var/
wheels/
*.egg-info/
wandb/
.installed.cfg
*.egg
# PyInstaller
# Usually these files are written by a python script from a template
# before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it.
*.manifest
*.spec
# Installer logs
pip-log.txt
pip-delete-this-directory.txt
# Unit test / coverage reports
htmlcov/
.tox/
.coverage
.coverage.*
.cache
nosetests.xml
coverage.xml
*.cover
.hypothesis/
# Translations
*.mo
*.pot
# Django stuff:
*.log
local_settings.py
# Flask stuff:
instance/
.webassets-cache
# Scrapy stuff:
.scrapy
# Sphinx documentation
docs/_build/
# PyBuilder
target/
# Jupyter Notebook
.ipynb_checkpoints
# pyenv
.python-version
# celery beat schedule file
celerybeat-schedule
# SageMath parsed files
*.sage.py
# dotenv
.env
# virtualenv
.venv*
venv*/
ENV*/
# Spyder project settings
.spyderproject
.spyproject
# Rope project settings
.ropeproject
# mkdocs documentation
/site
# mypy
.mypy_cache/
# https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/Global/macOS.gitignore -----------------------------------------------
# General
.DS_Store
.AppleDouble
.LSOverride
# Icon must end with two \r
Icon
Icon?
# Thumbnails
._*
# Files that might appear in the root of a volume
.DocumentRevisions-V100
.fseventsd
.Spotlight-V100
.TemporaryItems
.Trashes
.VolumeIcon.icns
.com.apple.timemachine.donotpresent
# Directories potentially created on remote AFP share
.AppleDB
.AppleDesktop
Network Trash Folder
Temporary Items
.apdisk
# https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/Global/JetBrains.gitignore
# Covers JetBrains IDEs: IntelliJ, RubyMine, PhpStorm, AppCode, PyCharm, CLion, Android Studio and WebStorm
# Reference: https://intellij-support.jetbrains.com/hc/en-us/articles/206544839
# User-specific stuff:
.idea/*
.idea/**/workspace.xml
.idea/**/tasks.xml
.idea/dictionaries
.html # Bokeh Plots
.pg # TensorFlow Frozen Graphs
.avi # videos
# Sensitive or high-churn files:
.idea/**/dataSources/
.idea/**/dataSources.ids
.idea/**/dataSources.local.xml
.idea/**/sqlDataSources.xml
.idea/**/dynamic.xml
.idea/**/uiDesigner.xml
# Gradle:
.idea/**/gradle.xml
.idea/**/libraries
# CMake
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crashlytics-build.properties
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# this drop notebooks from GitHub language stats
*.ipynb linguist-vendored

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# Repo-specific GitIgnore ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*.jpg
*.jpeg
*.png
*.bmp
*.tif
*.tiff
*.heic
*.JPG
*.JPEG
*.PNG
*.BMP
*.TIF
*.TIFF
*.HEIC
*.mp4
*.mov
*.MOV
*.avi
*.data
*.json
*.cfg
!cfg/yolov3*.cfg
storage.googleapis.com
runs/*
data/*
!data/images/zidane.jpg
!data/images/bus.jpg
!data/coco.names
!data/coco_paper.names
!data/coco.data
!data/coco_*.data
!data/coco_*.txt
!data/trainvalno5k.shapes
!data/*.sh
pycocotools/*
results*.txt
gcp_test*.sh
# Datasets -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
coco/
coco128/
VOC/
# MATLAB GitIgnore -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*.m~
*.mat
!targets*.mat
# Neural Network weights -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*.weights
*.pt
*.onnx
*.mlmodel
*.torchscript
darknet53.conv.74
yolov3-tiny.conv.15
# GitHub Python GitIgnore ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
__pycache__/
*.py[cod]
*$py.class
# C extensions
*.so
# Distribution / packaging
.Python
env/
build/
develop-eggs/
dist/
downloads/
eggs/
.eggs/
lib/
lib64/
parts/
sdist/
var/
wheels/
*.egg-info/
wandb/
.installed.cfg
*.egg
# PyInstaller
# Usually these files are written by a python script from a template
# before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it.
*.manifest
*.spec
# Installer logs
pip-log.txt
pip-delete-this-directory.txt
# Unit test / coverage reports
htmlcov/
.tox/
.coverage
.coverage.*
.cache
nosetests.xml
coverage.xml
*.cover
.hypothesis/
# Translations
*.mo
*.pot
# Django stuff:
*.log
local_settings.py
# Flask stuff:
instance/
.webassets-cache
# Scrapy stuff:
.scrapy
# Sphinx documentation
docs/_build/
# PyBuilder
target/
# Jupyter Notebook
.ipynb_checkpoints
# pyenv
.python-version
# celery beat schedule file
celerybeat-schedule
# SageMath parsed files
*.sage.py
# dotenv
.env
# virtualenv
.venv*
venv*/
ENV*/
# Spyder project settings
.spyderproject
.spyproject
# Rope project settings
.ropeproject
# mkdocs documentation
/site
# mypy
.mypy_cache/
# https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/Global/macOS.gitignore -----------------------------------------------
# General
.DS_Store
.AppleDouble
.LSOverride
# Icon must end with two \r
Icon
Icon?
# Thumbnails
._*
# Files that might appear in the root of a volume
.DocumentRevisions-V100
.fseventsd
.Spotlight-V100
.TemporaryItems
.Trashes
.VolumeIcon.icns
.com.apple.timemachine.donotpresent
# Directories potentially created on remote AFP share
.AppleDB
.AppleDesktop
Network Trash Folder
Temporary Items
.apdisk
# https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/Global/JetBrains.gitignore
# Covers JetBrains IDEs: IntelliJ, RubyMine, PhpStorm, AppCode, PyCharm, CLion, Android Studio and WebStorm
# Reference: https://intellij-support.jetbrains.com/hc/en-us/articles/206544839
# User-specific stuff:
.idea/*
.idea/**/workspace.xml
.idea/**/tasks.xml
.idea/dictionaries
.html # Bokeh Plots
.pg # TensorFlow Frozen Graphs
.avi # videos
# Sensitive or high-churn files:
.idea/**/dataSources/
.idea/**/dataSources.ids
.idea/**/dataSources.local.xml
.idea/**/sqlDataSources.xml
.idea/**/dynamic.xml
.idea/**/uiDesigner.xml
# Gradle:
.idea/**/gradle.xml
.idea/**/libraries
# CMake
cmake-build-debug/
cmake-build-release/
# Mongo Explorer plugin:
.idea/**/mongoSettings.xml
## File-based project format:
*.iws
## Plugin-specific files:
# IntelliJ
out/
# mpeltonen/sbt-idea plugin
.idea_modules/
# JIRA plugin
atlassian-ide-plugin.xml
# Cursive Clojure plugin
.idea/replstate.xml
# Crashlytics plugin (for Android Studio and IntelliJ)
com_crashlytics_export_strings.xml
crashlytics.properties
crashlytics-build.properties
fabric.properties

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# Start FROM Nvidia PyTorch image https://ngc.nvidia.com/catalog/containers/nvidia:pytorch
FROM nvcr.io/nvidia/pytorch:20.12-py3
# Install linux packages
RUN apt update && apt install -y screen libgl1-mesa-glx
# Install python dependencies
RUN pip install --upgrade pip
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
RUN pip install gsutil
# Create working directory
RUN mkdir -p /usr/src/app
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
# Copy contents
COPY . /usr/src/app
# Copy weights
#RUN python3 -c "from models import *; \
#attempt_download('weights/yolov5s.pt'); \
#attempt_download('weights/yolov5m.pt'); \
#attempt_download('weights/yolov5l.pt')"
# --------------------------------------------------- Extras Below ---------------------------------------------------
# Build and Push
# t=ultralytics/yolov5:latest && sudo docker build -t $t . && sudo docker push $t
# for v in {300..303}; do t=ultralytics/coco:v$v && sudo docker build -t $t . && sudo docker push $t; done
# Pull and Run
# t=ultralytics/yolov5:latest && sudo docker pull $t && sudo docker run -it --ipc=host --gpus all $t
# Pull and Run with local directory access
# t=ultralytics/yolov5:latest && sudo docker pull $t && sudo docker run -it --ipc=host --gpus all -v "$(pwd)"/coco:/usr/src/coco $t
# Kill all
# sudo docker kill $(sudo docker ps -q)
# Kill all image-based
# sudo docker kill $(sudo docker ps -a -q --filter ancestor=ultralytics/yolov5:latest)
# Bash into running container
# sudo docker container exec -it ba65811811ab bash
# Bash into stopped container
# sudo docker commit 092b16b25c5b usr/resume && sudo docker run -it --gpus all --ipc=host -v "$(pwd)"/coco:/usr/src/coco --entrypoint=sh usr/resume
# Send weights to GCP
# python -c "from utils.general import *; strip_optimizer('runs/train/exp0_*/weights/best.pt', 'tmp.pt')" && gsutil cp tmp.pt gs://*.pt
# Clean up
# docker system prune -a --volumes

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<a href="https://apps.apple.com/app/id1452689527" target="_blank">
<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/26833433/98699617-a1595a00-2377-11eb-8145-fc674eb9b1a7.jpg" width="1000"></a>
&nbsp
![CI CPU testing](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/workflows/CI%20CPU%20testing/badge.svg)
This repository represents Ultralytics open-source research into future object detection methods, and incorporates our lessons learned and best practices evolved over training thousands of models on custom client datasets with our previous YOLO repository https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov3. **All code and models are under active development, and are subject to modification or deletion without notice.** Use at your own risk.
<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/26833433/90187293-6773ba00-dd6e-11ea-8f90-cd94afc0427f.png" width="1000">** GPU Speed measures end-to-end time per image averaged over 5000 COCO val2017 images using a V100 GPU with batch size 32, and includes image preprocessing, PyTorch FP16 inference, postprocessing and NMS. EfficientDet data from [google/automl](https://github.com/google/automl) at batch size 8.
- **August 13, 2020**: [v3.0 release](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/releases/tag/v3.0): nn.Hardswish() activations, data autodownload, native AMP.
- **July 23, 2020**: [v2.0 release](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/releases/tag/v2.0): improved model definition, training and mAP.
- **June 22, 2020**: [PANet](https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.01534) updates: new heads, reduced parameters, improved speed and mAP [364fcfd](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/commit/364fcfd7dba53f46edd4f04c037a039c0a287972).
- **June 19, 2020**: [FP16](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module.half) as new default for smaller checkpoints and faster inference [d4c6674](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/commit/d4c6674c98e19df4c40e33a777610a18d1961145).
- **June 9, 2020**: [CSP](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/CrossStagePartialNetworks) updates: improved speed, size, and accuracy (credit to @WongKinYiu for CSP).
- **May 27, 2020**: Public release. YOLOv5 models are SOTA among all known YOLO implementations.
## Pretrained Checkpoints
| Model | AP<sup>val</sup> | AP<sup>test</sup> | AP<sub>50</sub> | Speed<sub>GPU</sub> | FPS<sub>GPU</sub> || params | GFLOPS |
|---------- |------ |------ |------ | -------- | ------| ------ |------ | :------: |
| [YOLOv5s](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/releases) | 37.0 | 37.0 | 56.2 | **2.4ms** | **416** || 7.5M | 17.5
| [YOLOv5m](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/releases) | 44.3 | 44.3 | 63.2 | 3.4ms | 294 || 21.8M | 52.3
| [YOLOv5l](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/releases) | 47.7 | 47.7 | 66.5 | 4.4ms | 227 || 47.8M | 117.2
| [YOLOv5x](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/releases) | **49.2** | **49.2** | **67.7** | 6.9ms | 145 || 89.0M | 221.5
| | | | | | || |
| [YOLOv5x](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/releases) + TTA|**50.8**| **50.8** | **68.9** | 25.5ms | 39 || 89.0M | 801.0
** AP<sup>test</sup> denotes COCO [test-dev2017](http://cocodataset.org/#upload) server results, all other AP results denote val2017 accuracy.
** All AP numbers are for single-model single-scale without ensemble or TTA. **Reproduce mAP** by `python test.py --data coco.yaml --img 640 --conf 0.001 --iou 0.65`
** Speed<sub>GPU</sub> averaged over 5000 COCO val2017 images using a GCP [n1-standard-16](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/machine-types#n1_standard_machine_types) V100 instance, and includes image preprocessing, FP16 inference, postprocessing and NMS. NMS is 1-2ms/img. **Reproduce speed** by `python test.py --data coco.yaml --img 640 --conf 0.25 --iou 0.45`
** All checkpoints are trained to 300 epochs with default settings and hyperparameters (no autoaugmentation).
** Test Time Augmentation ([TTA](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/303)) runs at 3 image sizes. **Reproduce TTA** by `python test.py --data coco.yaml --img 832 --iou 0.65 --augment`
## Requirements
Python 3.8 or later with all [requirements.txt](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/blob/master/requirements.txt) dependencies installed, including `torch>=1.7`. To install run:
```bash
$ pip install -r requirements.txt
```
## Tutorials
* [Train Custom Data](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/wiki/Train-Custom-Data)&nbsp; 🚀 RECOMMENDED
* [Weights & Biases Logging](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/1289)&nbsp; 🌟 NEW
* [Multi-GPU Training](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/475)
* [PyTorch Hub](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/36)&nbsp; ⭐ NEW
* [ONNX and TorchScript Export](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/251)
* [Test-Time Augmentation (TTA)](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/303)
* [Model Ensembling](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/318)
* [Model Pruning/Sparsity](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/304)
* [Hyperparameter Evolution](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/607)
* [Transfer Learning with Frozen Layers](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/1314)&nbsp; ⭐ NEW
* [TensorRT Deployment](https://github.com/wang-xinyu/tensorrtx)
## Environments
YOLOv5 may be run in any of the following up-to-date verified environments (with all dependencies including [CUDA](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda)/[CUDNN](https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn), [Python](https://www.python.org/) and [PyTorch](https://pytorch.org/) preinstalled):
- **Google Colab Notebook** with free GPU: <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/github/ultralytics/yolov5/blob/master/tutorial.ipynb"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a>
- **Kaggle Notebook** with free GPU: [https://www.kaggle.com/ultralytics/yolov5](https://www.kaggle.com/ultralytics/yolov5)
- **Google Cloud** Deep Learning VM. See [GCP Quickstart Guide](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/wiki/GCP-Quickstart)
- **Docker Image** https://hub.docker.com/r/ultralytics/yolov5. See [Docker Quickstart Guide](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/wiki/Docker-Quickstart) ![Docker Pulls](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/ultralytics/yolov5?logo=docker)
## Inference
detect.py runs inference on a variety of sources, downloading models automatically from the [latest YOLOv5 release](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/releases) and saving results to `runs/detect`.
```bash
$ python detect.py --source 0 # webcam
file.jpg # image
file.mp4 # video
path/ # directory
path/*.jpg # glob
rtsp://170.93.143.139/rtplive/470011e600ef003a004ee33696235daa # rtsp stream
rtmp://192.168.1.105/live/test # rtmp stream
http://112.50.243.8/PLTV/88888888/224/3221225900/1.m3u8 # http stream
```
To run inference on example images in `data/images`:
```bash
$ python detect.py --source data/images --weights yolov5s.pt --conf 0.25
Namespace(agnostic_nms=False, augment=False, classes=None, conf_thres=0.25, device='', img_size=640, iou_thres=0.45, save_conf=False, save_dir='runs/detect', save_txt=False, source='data/images/', update=False, view_img=False, weights=['yolov5s.pt'])
Using torch 1.7.0+cu101 CUDA:0 (Tesla V100-SXM2-16GB, 16130MB)
Downloading https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/releases/download/v3.1/yolov5s.pt to yolov5s.pt... 100%|██████████████| 14.5M/14.5M [00:00<00:00, 21.3MB/s]
Fusing layers...
Model Summary: 232 layers, 7459581 parameters, 0 gradients
image 1/2 data/images/bus.jpg: 640x480 4 persons, 1 buss, 1 skateboards, Done. (0.012s)
image 2/2 data/images/zidane.jpg: 384x640 2 persons, 2 ties, Done. (0.012s)
Results saved to runs/detect/exp
Done. (0.113s)
```
<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/26833433/97107365-685a8d80-16c7-11eb-8c2e-83aac701d8b9.jpeg" width="500">
### PyTorch Hub
To run **batched inference** with YOLOv5 and [PyTorch Hub](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/36):
```python
import torch
from PIL import Image
# Model
model = torch.hub.load('ultralytics/yolov5', 'yolov5s', pretrained=True) # for PIL/cv2/np inputs and NMS
# Images
img1 = Image.open('zidane.jpg')
img2 = Image.open('bus.jpg')
imgs = [img1, img2] # batched list of images
# Inference
prediction = model(imgs, size=640) # includes NMS
```
## Training
Download [COCO](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/blob/master/data/scripts/get_coco.sh) and run command below. Training times for YOLOv5s/m/l/x are 2/4/6/8 days on a single V100 (multi-GPU times faster). Use the largest `--batch-size` your GPU allows (batch sizes shown for 16 GB devices).
```bash
$ python train.py --data coco.yaml --cfg yolov5s.yaml --weights '' --batch-size 64
yolov5m 40
yolov5l 24
yolov5x 16
```
<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/26833433/90222759-949d8800-ddc1-11ea-9fa1-1c97eed2b963.png" width="900">
## Citation
[![DOI](https://zenodo.org/badge/264818686.svg)](https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/264818686)
## About Us
Ultralytics is a U.S.-based particle physics and AI startup with over 6 years of expertise supporting government, academic and business clients. We offer a wide range of vision AI services, spanning from simple expert advice up to delivery of fully customized, end-to-end production solutions, including:
- **Cloud-based AI** systems operating on **hundreds of HD video streams in realtime.**
- **Edge AI** integrated into custom iOS and Android apps for realtime **30 FPS video inference.**
- **Custom data training**, hyperparameter evolution, and model exportation to any destination.
For business inquiries and professional support requests please visit us at https://www.ultralytics.com.
## Contact
**Issues should be raised directly in the repository.** For business inquiries or professional support requests please visit https://www.ultralytics.com or email Glenn Jocher at glenn.jocher@ultralytics.com.

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import argparse
import time
from pathlib import Path
import cv2
import torch
import torch.backends.cudnn as cudnn
from numpy import random
from models.experimental import attempt_load
from utils.datasets import LoadStreams, LoadImages
from utils.general import check_img_size, non_max_suppression, apply_classifier, scale_coords, xyxy2xywh, \
strip_optimizer, set_logging, increment_path
from utils.plots import plot_one_box
from utils.torch_utils import select_device, load_classifier, time_synchronized
def detect(save_img=False):
source, weights, view_img, save_txt, imgsz = opt.source, opt.weights, opt.view_img, opt.save_txt, opt.img_size
webcam = source.isnumeric() or source.endswith('.txt') or source.lower().startswith(
('rtsp://', 'rtmp://', 'http://'))
# Directories
save_dir = Path(increment_path(Path(opt.project) / opt.name, exist_ok=opt.exist_ok)) # increment run
(save_dir / 'labels' if save_txt else save_dir).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) # make dir
# Initialize
set_logging()
device = select_device(opt.device)
half = device.type != 'cpu' # half precision only supported on CUDA
# Load model
model = attempt_load(weights, map_location=device) # load FP32 model
imgsz = check_img_size(imgsz, s=model.stride.max()) # check img_size
if half:
model.half() # to FP16
# Second-stage classifier
classify = False
if classify:
modelc = load_classifier(name='resnet101', n=2) # initialize
modelc.load_state_dict(torch.load('weights/resnet101.pt', map_location=device)['model']).to(device).eval()
# Set Dataloader
vid_path, vid_writer = None, None
if webcam:
view_img = True
cudnn.benchmark = True # set True to speed up constant image size inference
dataset = LoadStreams(source, img_size=imgsz)
else:
save_img = True
dataset = LoadImages(source, img_size=imgsz)
# Get names and colors
names = model.module.names if hasattr(model, 'module') else model.names
colors = [[random.randint(0, 255) for _ in range(3)] for _ in names]
# Run inference
t0 = time.time()
img = torch.zeros((1, 3, imgsz, imgsz), device=device) # init img
_ = model(img.half() if half else img) if device.type != 'cpu' else None # run once
for path, img, im0s, vid_cap in dataset:
img = torch.from_numpy(img).to(device)
img = img.half() if half else img.float() # uint8 to fp16/32
img /= 255.0 # 0 - 255 to 0.0 - 1.0
if img.ndimension() == 3:
img = img.unsqueeze(0)
# Inference
t1 = time_synchronized()
pred = model(img, augment=opt.augment)[0]
# Apply NMS
pred = non_max_suppression(pred, opt.conf_thres, opt.iou_thres, classes=opt.classes, agnostic=opt.agnostic_nms)
t2 = time_synchronized()
# Apply Classifier
if classify:
pred = apply_classifier(pred, modelc, img, im0s)
# Process detections
for i, det in enumerate(pred): # detections per image
if webcam: # batch_size >= 1
p, s, im0, frame = path[i], '%g: ' % i, im0s[i].copy(), dataset.count
else:
p, s, im0, frame = path, '', im0s, getattr(dataset, 'frame', 0)
p = Path(p) # to Path
save_path = str(save_dir / p.name) # img.jpg
txt_path = str(save_dir / 'labels' / p.stem) + ('' if dataset.mode == 'image' else f'_{frame}') # img.txt
s += '%gx%g ' % img.shape[2:] # print string
gn = torch.tensor(im0.shape)[[1, 0, 1, 0]] # normalization gain whwh
if len(det):
# Rescale boxes from img_size to im0 size
det[:, :4] = scale_coords(img.shape[2:], det[:, :4], im0.shape).round()
# Print results
for c in det[:, -1].unique():
n = (det[:, -1] == c).sum() # detections per class
s += f'{n} {names[int(c)]}s, ' # add to string
# Write results
for *xyxy, conf, cls in reversed(det):
if save_txt: # Write to file
xywh = (xyxy2xywh(torch.tensor(xyxy).view(1, 4)) / gn).view(-1).tolist() # normalized xywh
line = (cls, *xywh, conf) if opt.save_conf else (cls, *xywh) # label format
with open(txt_path + '.txt', 'a') as f:
f.write(('%g ' * len(line)).rstrip() % line + '\n')
if save_img or view_img: # Add bbox to image
label = f'{names[int(cls)]} {conf:.2f}'
plot_one_box(xyxy, im0, label=label, color=colors[int(cls)], line_thickness=3)
# Print time (inference + NMS)
print(f'{s}Done. ({t2 - t1:.3f}s)')
# Stream results
if view_img:
cv2.imshow(str(p), im0)
if cv2.waitKey(1) == ord('q'): # q to quit
raise StopIteration
# Save results (image with detections)
if save_img:
if dataset.mode == 'image':
cv2.imwrite(save_path, im0)
else: # 'video'
if vid_path != save_path: # new video
vid_path = save_path
if isinstance(vid_writer, cv2.VideoWriter):
vid_writer.release() # release previous video writer
fourcc = 'mp4v' # output video codec
fps = vid_cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS)
w = int(vid_cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH))
h = int(vid_cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT))
vid_writer = cv2.VideoWriter(save_path, cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*fourcc), fps, (w, h))
vid_writer.write(im0)
if save_txt or save_img:
s = f"\n{len(list(save_dir.glob('labels/*.txt')))} labels saved to {save_dir / 'labels'}" if save_txt else ''
print(f"Results saved to {save_dir}{s}")
print(f'Done. ({time.time() - t0:.3f}s)')
if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--weights', nargs='+', type=str, default='yolov5s.pt', help='model.pt path(s)')
parser.add_argument('--source', type=str, default='data/images', help='source') # file/folder, 0 for webcam
parser.add_argument('--img-size', type=int, default=640, help='inference size (pixels)')
parser.add_argument('--conf-thres', type=float, default=0.25, help='object confidence threshold')
parser.add_argument('--iou-thres', type=float, default=0.45, help='IOU threshold for NMS')
parser.add_argument('--device', default='', help='cuda device, i.e. 0 or 0,1,2,3 or cpu')
parser.add_argument('--view-img', action='store_true', help='display results')
parser.add_argument('--save-txt', action='store_true', help='save results to *.txt')
parser.add_argument('--save-conf', action='store_true', help='save confidences in --save-txt labels')
parser.add_argument('--classes', nargs='+', type=int, help='filter by class: --class 0, or --class 0 2 3')
parser.add_argument('--agnostic-nms', action='store_true', help='class-agnostic NMS')
parser.add_argument('--augment', action='store_true', help='augmented inference')
parser.add_argument('--update', action='store_true', help='update all models')
parser.add_argument('--project', default='runs/detect', help='save results to project/name')
parser.add_argument('--name', default='exp', help='save results to project/name')
parser.add_argument('--exist-ok', action='store_true', help='existing project/name ok, do not increment')
opt = parser.parse_args()
print(opt)
with torch.no_grad():
if opt.update: # update all models (to fix SourceChangeWarning)
for opt.weights in ['yolov5s.pt', 'yolov5m.pt', 'yolov5l.pt', 'yolov5x.pt']:
detect()
strip_optimizer(opt.weights)
else:
detect()

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"""File for accessing YOLOv5 via PyTorch Hub https://pytorch.org/hub/
Usage:
import torch
model = torch.hub.load('ultralytics/yolov5', 'yolov5s', pretrained=True, channels=3, classes=80)
"""
from pathlib import Path
import torch
from models.yolo import Model
from utils.general import set_logging
from utils.google_utils import attempt_download
dependencies = ['torch', 'yaml']
set_logging()
def create(name, pretrained, channels, classes, autoshape):
"""Creates a specified YOLOv5 model
Arguments:
name (str): name of model, i.e. 'yolov5s'
pretrained (bool): load pretrained weights into the model
channels (int): number of input channels
classes (int): number of model classes
Returns:
pytorch model
"""
config = Path(__file__).parent / 'models' / f'{name}.yaml' # model.yaml path
try:
model = Model(config, channels, classes)
if pretrained:
fname = f'{name}.pt' # checkpoint filename
attempt_download(fname) # download if not found locally
ckpt = torch.load(fname, map_location=torch.device('cpu')) # load
state_dict = ckpt['model'].float().state_dict() # to FP32
state_dict = {k: v for k, v in state_dict.items() if model.state_dict()[k].shape == v.shape} # filter
model.load_state_dict(state_dict, strict=False) # load
if len(ckpt['model'].names) == classes:
model.names = ckpt['model'].names # set class names attribute
if autoshape:
model = model.autoshape() # for file/URI/PIL/cv2/np inputs and NMS
return model
except Exception as e:
help_url = 'https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/36'
s = 'Cache maybe be out of date, try force_reload=True. See %s for help.' % help_url
raise Exception(s) from e
def yolov5s(pretrained=False, channels=3, classes=80, autoshape=True):
"""YOLOv5-small model from https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5
Arguments:
pretrained (bool): load pretrained weights into the model, default=False
channels (int): number of input channels, default=3
classes (int): number of model classes, default=80
Returns:
pytorch model
"""
return create('yolov5s', pretrained, channels, classes, autoshape)
def yolov5m(pretrained=False, channels=3, classes=80, autoshape=True):
"""YOLOv5-medium model from https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5
Arguments:
pretrained (bool): load pretrained weights into the model, default=False
channels (int): number of input channels, default=3
classes (int): number of model classes, default=80
Returns:
pytorch model
"""
return create('yolov5m', pretrained, channels, classes, autoshape)
def yolov5l(pretrained=False, channels=3, classes=80, autoshape=True):
"""YOLOv5-large model from https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5
Arguments:
pretrained (bool): load pretrained weights into the model, default=False
channels (int): number of input channels, default=3
classes (int): number of model classes, default=80
Returns:
pytorch model
"""
return create('yolov5l', pretrained, channels, classes, autoshape)
def yolov5x(pretrained=False, channels=3, classes=80, autoshape=True):
"""YOLOv5-xlarge model from https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5
Arguments:
pretrained (bool): load pretrained weights into the model, default=False
channels (int): number of input channels, default=3
classes (int): number of model classes, default=80
Returns:
pytorch model
"""
return create('yolov5x', pretrained, channels, classes, autoshape)
def custom(path_or_model='path/to/model.pt', autoshape=True):
"""YOLOv5-custom model from https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5
Arguments (3 options):
path_or_model (str): 'path/to/model.pt'
path_or_model (dict): torch.load('path/to/model.pt')
path_or_model (nn.Module): torch.load('path/to/model.pt')['model']
Returns:
pytorch model
"""
model = torch.load(path_or_model) if isinstance(path_or_model, str) else path_or_model # load checkpoint
if isinstance(model, dict):
model = model['model'] # load model
hub_model = Model(model.yaml).to(next(model.parameters()).device) # create
hub_model.load_state_dict(model.float().state_dict()) # load state_dict
hub_model.names = model.names # class names
return hub_model.autoshape() if autoshape else hub_model
if __name__ == '__main__':
model = create(name='yolov5s', pretrained=True, channels=3, classes=80, autoshape=True) # pretrained example
# model = custom(path_or_model='path/to/model.pt') # custom example
# Verify inference
from PIL import Image
imgs = [Image.open(x) for x in Path('data/images').glob('*.jpg')]
results = model(imgs)
results.show()
results.print()

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# This file contains modules common to various models
import math
import numpy as np
import requests
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
from utils.datasets import letterbox
from utils.general import non_max_suppression, make_divisible, scale_coords, xyxy2xywh
from utils.plots import color_list
def autopad(k, p=None): # kernel, padding
# Pad to 'same'
if p is None:
p = k // 2 if isinstance(k, int) else [x // 2 for x in k] # auto-pad
return p
def DWConv(c1, c2, k=1, s=1, act=True):
# Depthwise convolution
return Conv(c1, c2, k, s, g=math.gcd(c1, c2), act=act)
class Conv(nn.Module):
# Standard convolution
def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1, act=True): # ch_in, ch_out, kernel, stride, padding, groups
super(Conv, self).__init__()
self.conv = nn.Conv2d(c1, c2, k, s, autopad(k, p), groups=g, bias=False)
self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(c2)
self.act = nn.Hardswish() if act is True else (act if isinstance(act, nn.Module) else nn.Identity())
def forward(self, x):
return self.act(self.bn(self.conv(x)))
def fuseforward(self, x):
return self.act(self.conv(x))
class Bottleneck(nn.Module):
# Standard bottleneck
def __init__(self, c1, c2, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5): # ch_in, ch_out, shortcut, groups, expansion
super(Bottleneck, self).__init__()
c_ = int(c2 * e) # hidden channels
self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv2 = Conv(c_, c2, 3, 1, g=g)
self.add = shortcut and c1 == c2
def forward(self, x):
return x + self.cv2(self.cv1(x)) if self.add else self.cv2(self.cv1(x))
class BottleneckCSP(nn.Module):
# CSP Bottleneck https://github.com/WongKinYiu/CrossStagePartialNetworks
def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5): # ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansion
super(BottleneckCSP, self).__init__()
c_ = int(c2 * e) # hidden channels
self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv2 = nn.Conv2d(c1, c_, 1, 1, bias=False)
self.cv3 = nn.Conv2d(c_, c_, 1, 1, bias=False)
self.cv4 = Conv(2 * c_, c2, 1, 1)
self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(2 * c_) # applied to cat(cv2, cv3)
self.act = nn.LeakyReLU(0.1, inplace=True)
self.m = nn.Sequential(*[Bottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, e=1.0) for _ in range(n)])
def forward(self, x):
y1 = self.cv3(self.m(self.cv1(x)))
y2 = self.cv2(x)
return self.cv4(self.act(self.bn(torch.cat((y1, y2), dim=1))))
class C3(nn.Module):
# CSP Bottleneck with 3 convolutions
def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5): # ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansion
super(C3, self).__init__()
c_ = int(c2 * e) # hidden channels
self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv2 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv3 = Conv(2 * c_, c2, 1) # act=FReLU(c2)
self.m = nn.Sequential(*[Bottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, e=1.0) for _ in range(n)])
# self.m = nn.Sequential(*[CrossConv(c_, c_, 3, 1, g, 1.0, shortcut) for _ in range(n)])
def forward(self, x):
return self.cv3(torch.cat((self.m(self.cv1(x)), self.cv2(x)), dim=1))
class SPP(nn.Module):
# Spatial pyramid pooling layer used in YOLOv3-SPP
def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=(5, 9, 13)):
super(SPP, self).__init__()
c_ = c1 // 2 # hidden channels
self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv2 = Conv(c_ * (len(k) + 1), c2, 1, 1)
self.m = nn.ModuleList([nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=x, stride=1, padding=x // 2) for x in k])
def forward(self, x):
x = self.cv1(x)
return self.cv2(torch.cat([x] + [m(x) for m in self.m], 1))
class Focus(nn.Module):
# Focus wh information into c-space
def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1, act=True): # ch_in, ch_out, kernel, stride, padding, groups
super(Focus, self).__init__()
self.conv = Conv(c1 * 4, c2, k, s, p, g, act)
def forward(self, x): # x(b,c,w,h) -> y(b,4c,w/2,h/2)
return self.conv(torch.cat([x[..., ::2, ::2], x[..., 1::2, ::2], x[..., ::2, 1::2], x[..., 1::2, 1::2]], 1))
class Concat(nn.Module):
# Concatenate a list of tensors along dimension
def __init__(self, dimension=1):
super(Concat, self).__init__()
self.d = dimension
def forward(self, x):
return torch.cat(x, self.d)
class NMS(nn.Module):
# Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) module
conf = 0.25 # confidence threshold
iou = 0.45 # IoU threshold
classes = None # (optional list) filter by class
def __init__(self):
super(NMS, self).__init__()
def forward(self, x):
return non_max_suppression(x[0], conf_thres=self.conf, iou_thres=self.iou, classes=self.classes)
class autoShape(nn.Module):
# input-robust model wrapper for passing cv2/np/PIL/torch inputs. Includes preprocessing, inference and NMS
img_size = 640 # inference size (pixels)
conf = 0.25 # NMS confidence threshold
iou = 0.45 # NMS IoU threshold
classes = None # (optional list) filter by class
def __init__(self, model):
super(autoShape, self).__init__()
self.model = model.eval()
def autoshape(self):
print('autoShape already enabled, skipping... ') # model already converted to model.autoshape()
return self
def forward(self, imgs, size=640, augment=False, profile=False):
# Inference from various sources. For height=720, width=1280, RGB images example inputs are:
# filename: imgs = 'data/samples/zidane.jpg'
# URI: = 'https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/releases/download/v1.0/zidane.jpg'
# OpenCV: = cv2.imread('image.jpg')[:,:,::-1] # HWC BGR to RGB x(720,1280,3)
# PIL: = Image.open('image.jpg') # HWC x(720,1280,3)
# numpy: = np.zeros((720,1280,3)) # HWC
# torch: = torch.zeros(16,3,720,1280) # BCHW
# multiple: = [Image.open('image1.jpg'), Image.open('image2.jpg'), ...] # list of images
p = next(self.model.parameters()) # for device and type
if isinstance(imgs, torch.Tensor): # torch
return self.model(imgs.to(p.device).type_as(p), augment, profile) # inference
# Pre-process
n, imgs = (len(imgs), imgs) if isinstance(imgs, list) else (1, [imgs]) # number of images, list of images
shape0, shape1 = [], [] # image and inference shapes
for i, im in enumerate(imgs):
if isinstance(im, str): # filename or uri
im = Image.open(requests.get(im, stream=True).raw if im.startswith('http') else im) # open
im = np.array(im) # to numpy
if im.shape[0] < 5: # image in CHW
im = im.transpose((1, 2, 0)) # reverse dataloader .transpose(2, 0, 1)
im = im[:, :, :3] if im.ndim == 3 else np.tile(im[:, :, None], 3) # enforce 3ch input
s = im.shape[:2] # HWC
shape0.append(s) # image shape
g = (size / max(s)) # gain
shape1.append([y * g for y in s])
imgs[i] = im # update
shape1 = [make_divisible(x, int(self.stride.max())) for x in np.stack(shape1, 0).max(0)] # inference shape
x = [letterbox(im, new_shape=shape1, auto=False)[0] for im in imgs] # pad
x = np.stack(x, 0) if n > 1 else x[0][None] # stack
x = np.ascontiguousarray(x.transpose((0, 3, 1, 2))) # BHWC to BCHW
x = torch.from_numpy(x).to(p.device).type_as(p) / 255. # uint8 to fp16/32
# Inference
with torch.no_grad():
y = self.model(x, augment, profile)[0] # forward
y = non_max_suppression(y, conf_thres=self.conf, iou_thres=self.iou, classes=self.classes) # NMS
# Post-process
for i in range(n):
scale_coords(shape1, y[i][:, :4], shape0[i])
return Detections(imgs, y, self.names)
class Detections:
# detections class for YOLOv5 inference results
def __init__(self, imgs, pred, names=None):
super(Detections, self).__init__()
d = pred[0].device # device
gn = [torch.tensor([*[im.shape[i] for i in [1, 0, 1, 0]], 1., 1.], device=d) for im in imgs] # normalizations
self.imgs = imgs # list of images as numpy arrays
self.pred = pred # list of tensors pred[0] = (xyxy, conf, cls)
self.names = names # class names
self.xyxy = pred # xyxy pixels
self.xywh = [xyxy2xywh(x) for x in pred] # xywh pixels
self.xyxyn = [x / g for x, g in zip(self.xyxy, gn)] # xyxy normalized
self.xywhn = [x / g for x, g in zip(self.xywh, gn)] # xywh normalized
self.n = len(self.pred)
def display(self, pprint=False, show=False, save=False):
colors = color_list()
for i, (img, pred) in enumerate(zip(self.imgs, self.pred)):
str = f'Image {i + 1}/{len(self.pred)}: {img.shape[0]}x{img.shape[1]} '
if pred is not None:
for c in pred[:, -1].unique():
n = (pred[:, -1] == c).sum() # detections per class
str += f'{n} {self.names[int(c)]}s, ' # add to string
if show or save:
img = Image.fromarray(img.astype(np.uint8)) if isinstance(img, np.ndarray) else img # from np
for *box, conf, cls in pred: # xyxy, confidence, class
# str += '%s %.2f, ' % (names[int(cls)], conf) # label
ImageDraw.Draw(img).rectangle(box, width=4, outline=colors[int(cls) % 10]) # plot
if save:
f = f'results{i}.jpg'
str += f"saved to '{f}'"
img.save(f) # save
if show:
img.show(f'Image {i}') # show
if pprint:
print(str)
def print(self):
self.display(pprint=True) # print results
def show(self):
self.display(show=True) # show results
def save(self):
self.display(save=True) # save results
def __len__(self):
return self.n
def tolist(self):
# return a list of Detections objects, i.e. 'for result in results.tolist():'
x = [Detections([self.imgs[i]], [self.pred[i]], self.names) for i in range(self.n)]
for d in x:
for k in ['imgs', 'pred', 'xyxy', 'xyxyn', 'xywh', 'xywhn']:
setattr(d, k, getattr(d, k)[0]) # pop out of list
return x
class Flatten(nn.Module):
# Use after nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1) to remove last 2 dimensions
@staticmethod
def forward(x):
return x.view(x.size(0), -1)
class Classify(nn.Module):
# Classification head, i.e. x(b,c1,20,20) to x(b,c2)
def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1): # ch_in, ch_out, kernel, stride, padding, groups
super(Classify, self).__init__()
self.aap = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1) # to x(b,c1,1,1)
self.conv = nn.Conv2d(c1, c2, k, s, autopad(k, p), groups=g) # to x(b,c2,1,1)
self.flat = Flatten()
def forward(self, x):
z = torch.cat([self.aap(y) for y in (x if isinstance(x, list) else [x])], 1) # cat if list
return self.flat(self.conv(z)) # flatten to x(b,c2)

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# This file contains experimental modules
import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from models.common import Conv, DWConv
from utils.google_utils import attempt_download
class CrossConv(nn.Module):
# Cross Convolution Downsample
def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=3, s=1, g=1, e=1.0, shortcut=False):
# ch_in, ch_out, kernel, stride, groups, expansion, shortcut
super(CrossConv, self).__init__()
c_ = int(c2 * e) # hidden channels
self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, (1, k), (1, s))
self.cv2 = Conv(c_, c2, (k, 1), (s, 1), g=g)
self.add = shortcut and c1 == c2
def forward(self, x):
return x + self.cv2(self.cv1(x)) if self.add else self.cv2(self.cv1(x))
class Sum(nn.Module):
# Weighted sum of 2 or more layers https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.09070
def __init__(self, n, weight=False): # n: number of inputs
super(Sum, self).__init__()
self.weight = weight # apply weights boolean
self.iter = range(n - 1) # iter object
if weight:
self.w = nn.Parameter(-torch.arange(1., n) / 2, requires_grad=True) # layer weights
def forward(self, x):
y = x[0] # no weight
if self.weight:
w = torch.sigmoid(self.w) * 2
for i in self.iter:
y = y + x[i + 1] * w[i]
else:
for i in self.iter:
y = y + x[i + 1]
return y
class GhostConv(nn.Module):
# Ghost Convolution https://github.com/huawei-noah/ghostnet
def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, g=1, act=True): # ch_in, ch_out, kernel, stride, groups
super(GhostConv, self).__init__()
c_ = c2 // 2 # hidden channels
self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, k, s, None, g, act)
self.cv2 = Conv(c_, c_, 5, 1, None, c_, act)
def forward(self, x):
y = self.cv1(x)
return torch.cat([y, self.cv2(y)], 1)
class GhostBottleneck(nn.Module):
# Ghost Bottleneck https://github.com/huawei-noah/ghostnet
def __init__(self, c1, c2, k, s):
super(GhostBottleneck, self).__init__()
c_ = c2 // 2
self.conv = nn.Sequential(GhostConv(c1, c_, 1, 1), # pw
DWConv(c_, c_, k, s, act=False) if s == 2 else nn.Identity(), # dw
GhostConv(c_, c2, 1, 1, act=False)) # pw-linear
self.shortcut = nn.Sequential(DWConv(c1, c1, k, s, act=False),
Conv(c1, c2, 1, 1, act=False)) if s == 2 else nn.Identity()
def forward(self, x):
return self.conv(x) + self.shortcut(x)
class MixConv2d(nn.Module):
# Mixed Depthwise Conv https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.09595
def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=(1, 3), s=1, equal_ch=True):
super(MixConv2d, self).__init__()
groups = len(k)
if equal_ch: # equal c_ per group
i = torch.linspace(0, groups - 1E-6, c2).floor() # c2 indices
c_ = [(i == g).sum() for g in range(groups)] # intermediate channels
else: # equal weight.numel() per group
b = [c2] + [0] * groups
a = np.eye(groups + 1, groups, k=-1)
a -= np.roll(a, 1, axis=1)
a *= np.array(k) ** 2
a[0] = 1
c_ = np.linalg.lstsq(a, b, rcond=None)[0].round() # solve for equal weight indices, ax = b
self.m = nn.ModuleList([nn.Conv2d(c1, int(c_[g]), k[g], s, k[g] // 2, bias=False) for g in range(groups)])
self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(c2)
self.act = nn.LeakyReLU(0.1, inplace=True)
def forward(self, x):
return x + self.act(self.bn(torch.cat([m(x) for m in self.m], 1)))
class Ensemble(nn.ModuleList):
# Ensemble of models
def __init__(self):
super(Ensemble, self).__init__()
def forward(self, x, augment=False):
y = []
for module in self:
y.append(module(x, augment)[0])
# y = torch.stack(y).max(0)[0] # max ensemble
# y = torch.cat(y, 1) # nms ensemble
y = torch.stack(y).mean(0) # mean ensemble
return y, None # inference, train output
def attempt_load(weights, map_location=None):
# Loads an ensemble of models weights=[a,b,c] or a single model weights=[a] or weights=a
model = Ensemble()
for w in weights if isinstance(weights, list) else [weights]:
attempt_download(w)
model.append(torch.load(w, map_location=map_location)['model'].float().fuse().eval()) # load FP32 model
# Compatibility updates
for m in model.modules():
if type(m) in [nn.Hardswish, nn.LeakyReLU, nn.ReLU, nn.ReLU6]:
m.inplace = True # pytorch 1.7.0 compatibility
elif type(m) is Conv:
m._non_persistent_buffers_set = set() # pytorch 1.6.0 compatibility
if len(model) == 1:
return model[-1] # return model
else:
print('Ensemble created with %s\n' % weights)
for k in ['names', 'stride']:
setattr(model, k, getattr(model[-1], k))
return model # return ensemble

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"""Exports a YOLOv5 *.pt model to ONNX and TorchScript formats
Usage:
$ export PYTHONPATH="$PWD" && python models/export.py --weights ./weights/yolov5s.pt --img 640 --batch 1
"""
import argparse
import sys
import time
sys.path.append('./') # to run '$ python *.py' files in subdirectories
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import models
from models.experimental import attempt_load
from utils.activations import Hardswish, SiLU
from utils.general import set_logging, check_img_size
if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--weights', type=str, default='./yolov5s.pt', help='weights path') # from yolov5/models/
parser.add_argument('--img-size', nargs='+', type=int, default=[640, 640], help='image size') # height, width
parser.add_argument('--batch-size', type=int, default=1, help='batch size')
opt = parser.parse_args()
opt.img_size *= 2 if len(opt.img_size) == 1 else 1 # expand
print(opt)
set_logging()
t = time.time()
# Load PyTorch model
model = attempt_load(opt.weights, map_location=torch.device('cpu')) # load FP32 model
labels = model.names
# Checks
gs = int(max(model.stride)) # grid size (max stride)
opt.img_size = [check_img_size(x, gs) for x in opt.img_size] # verify img_size are gs-multiples
# Input
img = torch.zeros(opt.batch_size, 3, *opt.img_size) # image size(1,3,320,192) iDetection
# Update model
for k, m in model.named_modules():
m._non_persistent_buffers_set = set() # pytorch 1.6.0 compatibility
if isinstance(m, models.common.Conv): # assign export-friendly activations
if isinstance(m.act, nn.Hardswish):
m.act = Hardswish()
elif isinstance(m.act, nn.SiLU):
m.act = SiLU()
# elif isinstance(m, models.yolo.Detect):
# m.forward = m.forward_export # assign forward (optional)
model.model[-1].export = True # set Detect() layer export=True
y = model(img) # dry run
# TorchScript export
try:
print('\nStarting TorchScript export with torch %s...' % torch.__version__)
f = opt.weights.replace('.pt', '.torchscript.pt') # filename
ts = torch.jit.trace(model, img)
ts.save(f)
print('TorchScript export success, saved as %s' % f)
except Exception as e:
print('TorchScript export failure: %s' % e)
# ONNX export
try:
import onnx
print('\nStarting ONNX export with onnx %s...' % onnx.__version__)
f = opt.weights.replace('.pt', '.onnx') # filename
torch.onnx.export(model, img, f, verbose=False, opset_version=12, input_names=['images'],
output_names=['classes', 'boxes'] if y is None else ['output'])
# Checks
onnx_model = onnx.load(f) # load onnx model
onnx.checker.check_model(onnx_model) # check onnx model
# print(onnx.helper.printable_graph(onnx_model.graph)) # print a human readable model
print('ONNX export success, saved as %s' % f)
except Exception as e:
print('ONNX export failure: %s' % e)
# CoreML export
try:
import coremltools as ct
print('\nStarting CoreML export with coremltools %s...' % ct.__version__)
# convert model from torchscript and apply pixel scaling as per detect.py
model = ct.convert(ts, inputs=[ct.ImageType(name='image', shape=img.shape, scale=1 / 255.0, bias=[0, 0, 0])])
f = opt.weights.replace('.pt', '.mlmodel') # filename
model.save(f)
print('CoreML export success, saved as %s' % f)
except Exception as e:
print('CoreML export failure: %s' % e)
# Finish
print('\nExport complete (%.2fs). Visualize with https://github.com/lutzroeder/netron.' % (time.time() - t))

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# parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
depth_multiple: 1.0 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.0 # layer channel multiple
# anchors
anchors:
- [10,13, 16,30, 33,23] # P3/8
- [30,61, 62,45, 59,119] # P4/16
- [116,90, 156,198, 373,326] # P5/32
# darknet53 backbone
backbone:
# [from, number, module, args]
[[-1, 1, Conv, [32, 3, 1]], # 0
[-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]], # 1-P1/2
[-1, 1, Bottleneck, [64]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 3-P2/4
[-1, 2, Bottleneck, [128]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 5-P3/8
[-1, 8, Bottleneck, [256]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 7-P4/16
[-1, 8, Bottleneck, [512]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 9-P5/32
[-1, 4, Bottleneck, [1024]], # 10
]
# YOLOv3-SPP head
head:
[[-1, 1, Bottleneck, [1024, False]],
[-1, 1, SPP, [512, [5, 9, 13]]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 1]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 1]], # 15 (P5/32-large)
[-2, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 8], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
[-1, 1, Bottleneck, [512, False]],
[-1, 1, Bottleneck, [512, False]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 1]], # 22 (P4/16-medium)
[-2, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
[-1, 1, Bottleneck, [256, False]],
[-1, 2, Bottleneck, [256, False]], # 27 (P3/8-small)
[[27, 22, 15], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
]

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# parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
depth_multiple: 1.0 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.0 # layer channel multiple
# anchors
anchors:
- [10,14, 23,27, 37,58] # P4/16
- [81,82, 135,169, 344,319] # P5/32
# YOLOv3-tiny backbone
backbone:
# [from, number, module, args]
[[-1, 1, Conv, [16, 3, 1]], # 0
[-1, 1, nn.MaxPool2d, [2, 2, 0]], # 1-P1/2
[-1, 1, Conv, [32, 3, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.MaxPool2d, [2, 2, 0]], # 3-P2/4
[-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.MaxPool2d, [2, 2, 0]], # 5-P3/8
[-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.MaxPool2d, [2, 2, 0]], # 7-P4/16
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.MaxPool2d, [2, 2, 0]], # 9-P5/32
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.ZeroPad2d, [[0, 1, 0, 1]]], # 11
[-1, 1, nn.MaxPool2d, [2, 1, 0]], # 12
]
# YOLOv3-tiny head
head:
[[-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 1]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 1]], # 15 (P5/32-large)
[-2, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 8], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]], # 19 (P4/16-medium)
[[19, 15], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P4, P5)
]

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# parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
depth_multiple: 1.0 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.0 # layer channel multiple
# anchors
anchors:
- [10,13, 16,30, 33,23] # P3/8
- [30,61, 62,45, 59,119] # P4/16
- [116,90, 156,198, 373,326] # P5/32
# darknet53 backbone
backbone:
# [from, number, module, args]
[[-1, 1, Conv, [32, 3, 1]], # 0
[-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]], # 1-P1/2
[-1, 1, Bottleneck, [64]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 3-P2/4
[-1, 2, Bottleneck, [128]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 5-P3/8
[-1, 8, Bottleneck, [256]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 7-P4/16
[-1, 8, Bottleneck, [512]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 9-P5/32
[-1, 4, Bottleneck, [1024]], # 10
]
# YOLOv3 head
head:
[[-1, 1, Bottleneck, [1024, False]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, [1, 1]]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 1]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 1]], # 15 (P5/32-large)
[-2, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 8], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
[-1, 1, Bottleneck, [512, False]],
[-1, 1, Bottleneck, [512, False]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 1]], # 22 (P4/16-medium)
[-2, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
[-1, 1, Bottleneck, [256, False]],
[-1, 2, Bottleneck, [256, False]], # 27 (P3/8-small)
[[27, 22, 15], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
]

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# parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
depth_multiple: 1.0 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.0 # layer channel multiple
# anchors
anchors:
- [10,13, 16,30, 33,23] # P3/8
- [30,61, 62,45, 59,119] # P4/16
- [116,90, 156,198, 373,326] # P5/32
# YOLOv5 backbone
backbone:
# [from, number, module, args]
[[-1, 1, Focus, [64, 3]], # 0-P1/2
[-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
[-1, 3, Bottleneck, [128]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
[-1, 9, BottleneckCSP, [256]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
[-1, 9, BottleneckCSP, [512]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
[-1, 1, SPP, [1024, [5, 9, 13]]],
[-1, 6, BottleneckCSP, [1024]], # 9
]
# YOLOv5 FPN head
head:
[[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [1024, False]], # 10 (P5/32-large)
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [512, False]], # 14 (P4/16-medium)
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [256, False]], # 18 (P3/8-small)
[[18, 14, 10], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
]

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# parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
depth_multiple: 1.0 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.0 # layer channel multiple
# anchors
anchors:
- [10,13, 16,30, 33,23] # P3/8
- [30,61, 62,45, 59,119] # P4/16
- [116,90, 156,198, 373,326] # P5/32
# YOLOv5 backbone
backbone:
# [from, number, module, args]
[[-1, 1, Focus, [64, 3]], # 0-P1/2
[-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [128]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
[-1, 9, BottleneckCSP, [256]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
[-1, 9, BottleneckCSP, [512]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
[-1, 1, SPP, [1024, [5, 9, 13]]],
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [1024, False]], # 9
]
# YOLOv5 PANet head
head:
[[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [512, False]], # 13
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
[[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
[[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
[[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
]

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import argparse
import logging
import math
import sys
from copy import deepcopy
from pathlib import Path
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
sys.path.append('./') # to run '$ python *.py' files in subdirectories
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
from models.common import Conv, Bottleneck, SPP, DWConv, Focus, BottleneckCSP, C3, Concat, NMS, autoShape
from models.experimental import MixConv2d, CrossConv
from utils.autoanchor import check_anchor_order
from utils.general import make_divisible, check_file, set_logging
from utils.torch_utils import time_synchronized, fuse_conv_and_bn, model_info, scale_img, initialize_weights, \
select_device, copy_attr
try:
import thop # for FLOPS computation
except ImportError:
thop = None
class Detect(nn.Module):
stride = None # strides computed during build
export = False # onnx export
def __init__(self, nc=80, anchors=(), ch=()): # detection layer
super(Detect, self).__init__()
self.nc = nc # number of classes
self.no = nc + 5 # number of outputs per anchor
self.nl = len(anchors) # number of detection layers
self.na = len(anchors[0]) // 2 # number of anchors
self.grid = [torch.zeros(1)] * self.nl # init grid
a = torch.tensor(anchors).float().view(self.nl, -1, 2)
self.register_buffer('anchors', a) # shape(nl,na,2)
self.register_buffer('anchor_grid', a.clone().view(self.nl, 1, -1, 1, 1, 2)) # shape(nl,1,na,1,1,2)
self.m = nn.ModuleList(nn.Conv2d(x, self.no * self.na, 1) for x in ch) # output conv
def forward(self, x):
# x = x.copy() # for profiling
z = [] # inference output
self.training |= self.export
for i in range(self.nl):
x[i] = self.m[i](x[i]) # conv
bs, _, ny, nx = x[i].shape # x(bs,255,20,20) to x(bs,3,20,20,85)
x[i] = x[i].view(bs, self.na, self.no, ny, nx).permute(0, 1, 3, 4, 2).contiguous()
if not self.training: # inference
if self.grid[i].shape[2:4] != x[i].shape[2:4]:
self.grid[i] = self._make_grid(nx, ny).to(x[i].device)
y = x[i].sigmoid()
y[..., 0:2] = (y[..., 0:2] * 2. - 0.5 + self.grid[i].to(x[i].device)) * self.stride[i] # xy
y[..., 2:4] = (y[..., 2:4] * 2) ** 2 * self.anchor_grid[i] # wh
z.append(y.view(bs, -1, self.no))
return x if self.training else (torch.cat(z, 1), x)
@staticmethod
def _make_grid(nx=20, ny=20):
yv, xv = torch.meshgrid([torch.arange(ny), torch.arange(nx)])
return torch.stack((xv, yv), 2).view((1, 1, ny, nx, 2)).float()
class Model(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, cfg='yolov5s.yaml', ch=3, nc=None): # model, input channels, number of classes
super(Model, self).__init__()
if isinstance(cfg, dict):
self.yaml = cfg # model dict
else: # is *.yaml
import yaml # for torch hub
self.yaml_file = Path(cfg).name
with open(cfg) as f:
self.yaml = yaml.load(f, Loader=yaml.FullLoader) # model dict
# Define model
ch = self.yaml['ch'] = self.yaml.get('ch', ch) # input channels
if nc and nc != self.yaml['nc']:
logger.info('Overriding model.yaml nc=%g with nc=%g' % (self.yaml['nc'], nc))
self.yaml['nc'] = nc # override yaml value
self.model, self.save = parse_model(deepcopy(self.yaml), ch=[ch]) # model, savelist
self.names = [str(i) for i in range(self.yaml['nc'])] # default names
# print([x.shape for x in self.forward(torch.zeros(1, ch, 64, 64))])
# Build strides, anchors
m = self.model[-1] # Detect()
if isinstance(m, Detect):
s = 128 # 2x min stride
m.stride = torch.tensor([s / x.shape[-2] for x in self.forward(torch.zeros(1, ch, s, s))]) # forward
m.anchors /= m.stride.view(-1, 1, 1)
check_anchor_order(m)
self.stride = m.stride
self._initialize_biases() # only run once
# print('Strides: %s' % m.stride.tolist())
# Init weights, biases
initialize_weights(self)
self.info()
logger.info('')
def forward(self, x, augment=False, profile=False):
if augment:
img_size = x.shape[-2:] # height, width
s = [1, 0.83, 0.67] # scales
f = [None, 3, None] # flips (2-ud, 3-lr)
y = [] # outputs
for si, fi in zip(s, f):
xi = scale_img(x.flip(fi) if fi else x, si)
yi = self.forward_once(xi)[0] # forward
# cv2.imwrite('img%g.jpg' % s, 255 * xi[0].numpy().transpose((1, 2, 0))[:, :, ::-1]) # save
yi[..., :4] /= si # de-scale
if fi == 2:
yi[..., 1] = img_size[0] - yi[..., 1] # de-flip ud
elif fi == 3:
yi[..., 0] = img_size[1] - yi[..., 0] # de-flip lr
y.append(yi)
return torch.cat(y, 1), None # augmented inference, train
else:
return self.forward_once(x, profile) # single-scale inference, train
def forward_once(self, x, profile=False):
y, dt = [], [] # outputs
for m in self.model:
if m.f != -1: # if not from previous layer
x = y[m.f] if isinstance(m.f, int) else [x if j == -1 else y[j] for j in m.f] # from earlier layers
if profile:
o = thop.profile(m, inputs=(x,), verbose=False)[0] / 1E9 * 2 if thop else 0 # FLOPS
t = time_synchronized()
for _ in range(10):
_ = m(x)
dt.append((time_synchronized() - t) * 100)
print('%10.1f%10.0f%10.1fms %-40s' % (o, m.np, dt[-1], m.type))
x = m(x) # run
y.append(x if m.i in self.save else None) # save output
if profile:
print('%.1fms total' % sum(dt))
return x
def _initialize_biases(self, cf=None): # initialize biases into Detect(), cf is class frequency
# https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.02002 section 3.3
# cf = torch.bincount(torch.tensor(np.concatenate(dataset.labels, 0)[:, 0]).long(), minlength=nc) + 1.
m = self.model[-1] # Detect() module
for mi, s in zip(m.m, m.stride): # from
b = mi.bias.view(m.na, -1) # conv.bias(255) to (3,85)
b.data[:, 4] += math.log(8 / (640 / s) ** 2) # obj (8 objects per 640 image)
b.data[:, 5:] += math.log(0.6 / (m.nc - 0.99)) if cf is None else torch.log(cf / cf.sum()) # cls
mi.bias = torch.nn.Parameter(b.view(-1), requires_grad=True)
def _print_biases(self):
m = self.model[-1] # Detect() module
for mi in m.m: # from
b = mi.bias.detach().view(m.na, -1).T # conv.bias(255) to (3,85)
print(('%6g Conv2d.bias:' + '%10.3g' * 6) % (mi.weight.shape[1], *b[:5].mean(1).tolist(), b[5:].mean()))
# def _print_weights(self):
# for m in self.model.modules():
# if type(m) is Bottleneck:
# print('%10.3g' % (m.w.detach().sigmoid() * 2)) # shortcut weights
def fuse(self): # fuse model Conv2d() + BatchNorm2d() layers
print('Fusing layers... ')
for m in self.model.modules():
if type(m) is Conv and hasattr(m, 'bn'):
m.conv = fuse_conv_and_bn(m.conv, m.bn) # update conv
delattr(m, 'bn') # remove batchnorm
m.forward = m.fuseforward # update forward
self.info()
return self
def nms(self, mode=True): # add or remove NMS module
present = type(self.model[-1]) is NMS # last layer is NMS
if mode and not present:
print('Adding NMS... ')
m = NMS() # module
m.f = -1 # from
m.i = self.model[-1].i + 1 # index
self.model.add_module(name='%s' % m.i, module=m) # add
self.eval()
elif not mode and present:
print('Removing NMS... ')
self.model = self.model[:-1] # remove
return self
def autoshape(self): # add autoShape module
print('Adding autoShape... ')
m = autoShape(self) # wrap model
copy_attr(m, self, include=('yaml', 'nc', 'hyp', 'names', 'stride'), exclude=()) # copy attributes
return m
def info(self, verbose=False, img_size=640): # print model information
model_info(self, verbose, img_size)
def parse_model(d, ch): # model_dict, input_channels(3)
logger.info('\n%3s%18s%3s%10s %-40s%-30s' % ('', 'from', 'n', 'params', 'module', 'arguments'))
anchors, nc, gd, gw = d['anchors'], d['nc'], d['depth_multiple'], d['width_multiple']
na = (len(anchors[0]) // 2) if isinstance(anchors, list) else anchors # number of anchors
no = na * (nc + 5) # number of outputs = anchors * (classes + 5)
layers, save, c2 = [], [], ch[-1] # layers, savelist, ch out
for i, (f, n, m, args) in enumerate(d['backbone'] + d['head']): # from, number, module, args
m = eval(m) if isinstance(m, str) else m # eval strings
for j, a in enumerate(args):
try:
args[j] = eval(a) if isinstance(a, str) else a # eval strings
except:
pass
n = max(round(n * gd), 1) if n > 1 else n # depth gain
if m in [Conv, Bottleneck, SPP, DWConv, MixConv2d, Focus, CrossConv, BottleneckCSP, C3]:
c1, c2 = ch[f], args[0]
# Normal
# if i > 0 and args[0] != no: # channel expansion factor
# ex = 1.75 # exponential (default 2.0)
# e = math.log(c2 / ch[1]) / math.log(2)
# c2 = int(ch[1] * ex ** e)
# if m != Focus:
c2 = make_divisible(c2 * gw, 8) if c2 != no else c2
# Experimental
# if i > 0 and args[0] != no: # channel expansion factor
# ex = 1 + gw # exponential (default 2.0)
# ch1 = 32 # ch[1]
# e = math.log(c2 / ch1) / math.log(2) # level 1-n
# c2 = int(ch1 * ex ** e)
# if m != Focus:
# c2 = make_divisible(c2, 8) if c2 != no else c2
args = [c1, c2, *args[1:]]
if m in [BottleneckCSP, C3]:
args.insert(2, n)
n = 1
elif m is nn.BatchNorm2d:
args = [ch[f]]
elif m is Concat:
c2 = sum([ch[-1 if x == -1 else x + 1] for x in f])
elif m is Detect:
args.append([ch[x + 1] for x in f])
if isinstance(args[1], int): # number of anchors
args[1] = [list(range(args[1] * 2))] * len(f)
else:
c2 = ch[f]
m_ = nn.Sequential(*[m(*args) for _ in range(n)]) if n > 1 else m(*args) # module
t = str(m)[8:-2].replace('__main__.', '') # module type
np = sum([x.numel() for x in m_.parameters()]) # number params
m_.i, m_.f, m_.type, m_.np = i, f, t, np # attach index, 'from' index, type, number params
logger.info('%3s%18s%3s%10.0f %-40s%-30s' % (i, f, n, np, t, args)) # print
save.extend(x % i for x in ([f] if isinstance(f, int) else f) if x != -1) # append to savelist
layers.append(m_)
ch.append(c2)
return nn.Sequential(*layers), sorted(save)
if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--cfg', type=str, default='yolov5s.yaml', help='model.yaml')
parser.add_argument('--device', default='', help='cuda device, i.e. 0 or 0,1,2,3 or cpu')
opt = parser.parse_args()
opt.cfg = check_file(opt.cfg) # check file
set_logging()
device = select_device(opt.device)
# Create model
model = Model(opt.cfg).to(device)
model.train()
# Profile
# img = torch.rand(8 if torch.cuda.is_available() else 1, 3, 640, 640).to(device)
# y = model(img, profile=True)
# Tensorboard
# from torch.utils.tensorboard import SummaryWriter
# tb_writer = SummaryWriter()
# print("Run 'tensorboard --logdir=models/runs' to view tensorboard at http://localhost:6006/")
# tb_writer.add_graph(model.model, img) # add model to tensorboard
# tb_writer.add_image('test', img[0], dataformats='CWH') # add model to tensorboard

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# parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
depth_multiple: 1.0 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.0 # layer channel multiple
# anchors
anchors:
- [10,13, 16,30, 33,23] # P3/8
- [30,61, 62,45, 59,119] # P4/16
- [116,90, 156,198, 373,326] # P5/32
# YOLOv5 backbone
backbone:
# [from, number, module, args]
[[-1, 1, Focus, [64, 3]], # 0-P1/2
[-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [128]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
[-1, 9, BottleneckCSP, [256]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
[-1, 9, BottleneckCSP, [512]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
[-1, 1, SPP, [1024, [5, 9, 13]]],
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [1024, False]], # 9
]
# YOLOv5 head
head:
[[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [512, False]], # 13
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
[[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
[[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
[[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
]

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# parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
depth_multiple: 0.67 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.75 # layer channel multiple
# anchors
anchors:
- [10,13, 16,30, 33,23] # P3/8
- [30,61, 62,45, 59,119] # P4/16
- [116,90, 156,198, 373,326] # P5/32
# YOLOv5 backbone
backbone:
# [from, number, module, args]
[[-1, 1, Focus, [64, 3]], # 0-P1/2
[-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [128]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
[-1, 9, BottleneckCSP, [256]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
[-1, 9, BottleneckCSP, [512]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
[-1, 1, SPP, [1024, [5, 9, 13]]],
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [1024, False]], # 9
]
# YOLOv5 head
head:
[[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [512, False]], # 13
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
[[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
[[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
[[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
]

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# parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
depth_multiple: 0.33 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.50 # layer channel multiple
# anchors
anchors:
- [10,13, 16,30, 33,23] # P3/8
- [30,61, 62,45, 59,119] # P4/16
- [116,90, 156,198, 373,326] # P5/32
# YOLOv5 backbone
backbone:
# [from, number, module, args]
[[-1, 1, Focus, [64, 3]], # 0-P1/2
[-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [128]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
[-1, 9, BottleneckCSP, [256]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
[-1, 9, BottleneckCSP, [512]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
[-1, 1, SPP, [1024, [5, 9, 13]]],
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [1024, False]], # 9
]
# YOLOv5 head
head:
[[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [512, False]], # 13
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
[[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
[[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
[[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
]

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# parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
depth_multiple: 1.33 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.25 # layer channel multiple
# anchors
anchors:
- [10,13, 16,30, 33,23] # P3/8
- [30,61, 62,45, 59,119] # P4/16
- [116,90, 156,198, 373,326] # P5/32
# YOLOv5 backbone
backbone:
# [from, number, module, args]
[[-1, 1, Focus, [64, 3]], # 0-P1/2
[-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [128]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
[-1, 9, BottleneckCSP, [256]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
[-1, 9, BottleneckCSP, [512]],
[-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
[-1, 1, SPP, [1024, [5, 9, 13]]],
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [1024, False]], # 9
]
# YOLOv5 head
head:
[[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [512, False]], # 13
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
[-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
[[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
[[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
[[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
[-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
[[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
]

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# pip install -r requirements.txt
# base ----------------------------------------
Cython
matplotlib>=3.2.2
numpy>=1.18.5
opencv-python>=4.1.2
Pillow
PyYAML>=5.3
scipy>=1.4.1
tensorboard>=2.2
torch>=1.7.0
torchvision>=0.8.1
tqdm>=4.41.0
# logging -------------------------------------
# wandb
# plotting ------------------------------------
seaborn>=0.11.0
pandas
# export --------------------------------------
# coremltools==4.0
# onnx>=1.8.0
# scikit-learn==0.19.2 # for coreml quantization
# extras --------------------------------------
thop # FLOPS computation
pycocotools>=2.0 # COCO mAP

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import argparse
import json
import os
from pathlib import Path
from threading import Thread
import numpy as np
import torch
import yaml
from tqdm import tqdm
from models.experimental import attempt_load
from utils.datasets import create_dataloader
from utils.general import coco80_to_coco91_class, check_dataset, check_file, check_img_size, box_iou, \
non_max_suppression, scale_coords, xyxy2xywh, xywh2xyxy, set_logging, increment_path
from utils.loss import compute_loss
from utils.metrics import ap_per_class, ConfusionMatrix
from utils.plots import plot_images, output_to_target, plot_study_txt
from utils.torch_utils import select_device, time_synchronized
def test(data,
weights=None,
batch_size=32,
imgsz=640,
conf_thres=0.001,
iou_thres=0.6, # for NMS
save_json=False,
single_cls=False,
augment=False,
verbose=False,
model=None,
dataloader=None,
save_dir=Path(''), # for saving images
save_txt=False, # for auto-labelling
save_hybrid=False, # for hybrid auto-labelling
save_conf=False, # save auto-label confidences
plots=True,
log_imgs=0): # number of logged images
# Initialize/load model and set device
training = model is not None
if training: # called by train.py
device = next(model.parameters()).device # get model device
else: # called directly
set_logging()
device = select_device(opt.device, batch_size=batch_size)
# Directories
save_dir = Path(increment_path(Path(opt.project) / opt.name, exist_ok=opt.exist_ok)) # increment run
(save_dir / 'labels' if save_txt else save_dir).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) # make dir
# Load model
model = attempt_load(weights, map_location=device) # load FP32 model
imgsz = check_img_size(imgsz, s=model.stride.max()) # check img_size
# Multi-GPU disabled, incompatible with .half() https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/99
# if device.type != 'cpu' and torch.cuda.device_count() > 1:
# model = nn.DataParallel(model)
# Half
half = device.type != 'cpu' # half precision only supported on CUDA
if half:
model.half()
# Configure
model.eval()
is_coco = data.endswith('coco.yaml') # is COCO dataset
with open(data) as f:
data = yaml.load(f, Loader=yaml.FullLoader) # model dict
check_dataset(data) # check
nc = 1 if single_cls else int(data['nc']) # number of classes
iouv = torch.linspace(0.5, 0.95, 10).to(device) # iou vector for mAP@0.5:0.95
niou = iouv.numel()
# Logging
log_imgs, wandb = min(log_imgs, 100), None # ceil
try:
import wandb # Weights & Biases
except ImportError:
log_imgs = 0
# Dataloader
if not training:
img = torch.zeros((1, 3, imgsz, imgsz), device=device) # init img
_ = model(img.half() if half else img) if device.type != 'cpu' else None # run once
path = data['test'] if opt.task == 'test' else data['val'] # path to val/test images
dataloader = create_dataloader(path, imgsz, batch_size, model.stride.max(), opt, pad=0.5, rect=True)[0]
seen = 0
confusion_matrix = ConfusionMatrix(nc=nc)
names = {k: v for k, v in enumerate(model.names if hasattr(model, 'names') else model.module.names)}
coco91class = coco80_to_coco91_class()
s = ('%20s' + '%12s' * 6) % ('Class', 'Images', 'Targets', 'P', 'R', 'mAP@.5', 'mAP@.5:.95')
p, r, f1, mp, mr, map50, map, t0, t1 = 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.
loss = torch.zeros(3, device=device)
jdict, stats, ap, ap_class, wandb_images = [], [], [], [], []
for batch_i, (img, targets, paths, shapes) in enumerate(tqdm(dataloader, desc=s)):
img = img.to(device, non_blocking=True)
img = img.half() if half else img.float() # uint8 to fp16/32
img /= 255.0 # 0 - 255 to 0.0 - 1.0
targets = targets.to(device)
nb, _, height, width = img.shape # batch size, channels, height, width
with torch.no_grad():
# Run model
t = time_synchronized()
inf_out, train_out = model(img, augment=augment) # inference and training outputs
t0 += time_synchronized() - t
# Compute loss
if training:
loss += compute_loss([x.float() for x in train_out], targets, model)[1][:3] # box, obj, cls
# Run NMS
targets[:, 2:] *= torch.Tensor([width, height, width, height]).to(device) # to pixels
lb = [targets[targets[:, 0] == i, 1:] for i in range(nb)] if save_hybrid else [] # for autolabelling
t = time_synchronized()
output = non_max_suppression(inf_out, conf_thres=conf_thres, iou_thres=iou_thres, labels=lb)
t1 += time_synchronized() - t
# Statistics per image
for si, pred in enumerate(output):
labels = targets[targets[:, 0] == si, 1:]
nl = len(labels)
tcls = labels[:, 0].tolist() if nl else [] # target class
path = Path(paths[si])
seen += 1
if len(pred) == 0:
if nl:
stats.append((torch.zeros(0, niou, dtype=torch.bool), torch.Tensor(), torch.Tensor(), tcls))
continue
# Predictions
predn = pred.clone()
scale_coords(img[si].shape[1:], predn[:, :4], shapes[si][0], shapes[si][1]) # native-space pred
# Append to text file
if save_txt:
gn = torch.tensor(shapes[si][0])[[1, 0, 1, 0]] # normalization gain whwh
for *xyxy, conf, cls in predn.tolist():
xywh = (xyxy2xywh(torch.tensor(xyxy).view(1, 4)) / gn).view(-1).tolist() # normalized xywh
line = (cls, *xywh, conf) if save_conf else (cls, *xywh) # label format
with open(save_dir / 'labels' / (path.stem + '.txt'), 'a') as f:
f.write(('%g ' * len(line)).rstrip() % line + '\n')
# W&B logging
if plots and len(wandb_images) < log_imgs:
box_data = [{"position": {"minX": xyxy[0], "minY": xyxy[1], "maxX": xyxy[2], "maxY": xyxy[3]},
"class_id": int(cls),
"box_caption": "%s %.3f" % (names[cls], conf),
"scores": {"class_score": conf},
"domain": "pixel"} for *xyxy, conf, cls in pred.tolist()]
boxes = {"predictions": {"box_data": box_data, "class_labels": names}} # inference-space
wandb_images.append(wandb.Image(img[si], boxes=boxes, caption=path.name))
# Append to pycocotools JSON dictionary
if save_json:
# [{"image_id": 42, "category_id": 18, "bbox": [258.15, 41.29, 348.26, 243.78], "score": 0.236}, ...
image_id = int(path.stem) if path.stem.isnumeric() else path.stem
box = xyxy2xywh(predn[:, :4]) # xywh
box[:, :2] -= box[:, 2:] / 2 # xy center to top-left corner
for p, b in zip(pred.tolist(), box.tolist()):
jdict.append({'image_id': image_id,
'category_id': coco91class[int(p[5])] if is_coco else int(p[5]),
'bbox': [round(x, 3) for x in b],
'score': round(p[4], 5)})
# Assign all predictions as incorrect
correct = torch.zeros(pred.shape[0], niou, dtype=torch.bool, device=device)
if nl:
detected = [] # target indices
tcls_tensor = labels[:, 0]
# target boxes
tbox = xywh2xyxy(labels[:, 1:5])
scale_coords(img[si].shape[1:], tbox, shapes[si][0], shapes[si][1]) # native-space labels
if plots:
confusion_matrix.process_batch(pred, torch.cat((labels[:, 0:1], tbox), 1))
# Per target class
for cls in torch.unique(tcls_tensor):
ti = (cls == tcls_tensor).nonzero(as_tuple=False).view(-1) # prediction indices
pi = (cls == pred[:, 5]).nonzero(as_tuple=False).view(-1) # target indices
# Search for detections
if pi.shape[0]:
# Prediction to target ious
ious, i = box_iou(predn[pi, :4], tbox[ti]).max(1) # best ious, indices
# Append detections
detected_set = set()
for j in (ious > iouv[0]).nonzero(as_tuple=False):
d = ti[i[j]] # detected target
if d.item() not in detected_set:
detected_set.add(d.item())
detected.append(d)
correct[pi[j]] = ious[j] > iouv # iou_thres is 1xn
if len(detected) == nl: # all targets already located in image
break
# Append statistics (correct, conf, pcls, tcls)
stats.append((correct.cpu(), pred[:, 4].cpu(), pred[:, 5].cpu(), tcls))
# Plot images
if plots and batch_i < 3:
f = save_dir / f'test_batch{batch_i}_labels.jpg' # labels
Thread(target=plot_images, args=(img, targets, paths, f, names), daemon=True).start()
f = save_dir / f'test_batch{batch_i}_pred.jpg' # predictions
Thread(target=plot_images, args=(img, output_to_target(output), paths, f, names), daemon=True).start()
# Compute statistics
stats = [np.concatenate(x, 0) for x in zip(*stats)] # to numpy
if len(stats) and stats[0].any():
p, r, ap, f1, ap_class = ap_per_class(*stats, plot=plots, save_dir=save_dir, names=names)
p, r, ap50, ap = p[:, 0], r[:, 0], ap[:, 0], ap.mean(1) # [P, R, AP@0.5, AP@0.5:0.95]
mp, mr, map50, map = p.mean(), r.mean(), ap50.mean(), ap.mean()
nt = np.bincount(stats[3].astype(np.int64), minlength=nc) # number of targets per class
else:
nt = torch.zeros(1)
# Print results
pf = '%20s' + '%12.3g' * 6 # print format
print(pf % ('all', seen, nt.sum(), mp, mr, map50, map))
# Print results per class
if verbose and nc > 1 and len(stats):
for i, c in enumerate(ap_class):
print(pf % (names[c], seen, nt[c], p[i], r[i], ap50[i], ap[i]))
# Print speeds
t = tuple(x / seen * 1E3 for x in (t0, t1, t0 + t1)) + (imgsz, imgsz, batch_size) # tuple
if not training:
print('Speed: %.1f/%.1f/%.1f ms inference/NMS/total per %gx%g image at batch-size %g' % t)
# Plots
if plots:
confusion_matrix.plot(save_dir=save_dir, names=list(names.values()))
if wandb and wandb.run:
wandb.log({"Images": wandb_images})
wandb.log({"Validation": [wandb.Image(str(f), caption=f.name) for f in sorted(save_dir.glob('test*.jpg'))]})
# Save JSON
if save_json and len(jdict):
w = Path(weights[0] if isinstance(weights, list) else weights).stem if weights is not None else '' # weights
anno_json = '../coco/annotations/instances_val2017.json' # annotations json
pred_json = str(save_dir / f"{w}_predictions.json") # predictions json
print('\nEvaluating pycocotools mAP... saving %s...' % pred_json)
with open(pred_json, 'w') as f:
json.dump(jdict, f)
try: # https://github.com/cocodataset/cocoapi/blob/master/PythonAPI/pycocoEvalDemo.ipynb
from pycocotools.coco import COCO
from pycocotools.cocoeval import COCOeval
anno = COCO(anno_json) # init annotations api
pred = anno.loadRes(pred_json) # init predictions api
eval = COCOeval(anno, pred, 'bbox')
if is_coco:
eval.params.imgIds = [int(Path(x).stem) for x in dataloader.dataset.img_files] # image IDs to evaluate
eval.evaluate()
eval.accumulate()
eval.summarize()
map, map50 = eval.stats[:2] # update results (mAP@0.5:0.95, mAP@0.5)
except Exception as e:
print(f'pycocotools unable to run: {e}')
# Return results
if not training:
s = f"\n{len(list(save_dir.glob('labels/*.txt')))} labels saved to {save_dir / 'labels'}" if save_txt else ''
print(f"Results saved to {save_dir}{s}")
model.float() # for training
maps = np.zeros(nc) + map
for i, c in enumerate(ap_class):
maps[c] = ap[i]
return (mp, mr, map50, map, *(loss.cpu() / len(dataloader)).tolist()), maps, t
if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='test.py')
parser.add_argument('--weights', nargs='+', type=str, default='yolov5s.pt', help='model.pt path(s)')
parser.add_argument('--data', type=str, default='data/coco128.yaml', help='*.data path')
parser.add_argument('--batch-size', type=int, default=32, help='size of each image batch')
parser.add_argument('--img-size', type=int, default=640, help='inference size (pixels)')
parser.add_argument('--conf-thres', type=float, default=0.001, help='object confidence threshold')
parser.add_argument('--iou-thres', type=float, default=0.6, help='IOU threshold for NMS')
parser.add_argument('--task', default='val', help="'val', 'test', 'study'")
parser.add_argument('--device', default='', help='cuda device, i.e. 0 or 0,1,2,3 or cpu')
parser.add_argument('--single-cls', action='store_true', help='treat as single-class dataset')
parser.add_argument('--augment', action='store_true', help='augmented inference')
parser.add_argument('--verbose', action='store_true', help='report mAP by class')
parser.add_argument('--save-txt', action='store_true', help='save results to *.txt')
parser.add_argument('--save-hybrid', action='store_true', help='save label+prediction hybrid results to *.txt')
parser.add_argument('--save-conf', action='store_true', help='save confidences in --save-txt labels')
parser.add_argument('--save-json', action='store_true', help='save a cocoapi-compatible JSON results file')
parser.add_argument('--project', default='runs/test', help='save to project/name')
parser.add_argument('--name', default='exp', help='save to project/name')
parser.add_argument('--exist-ok', action='store_true', help='existing project/name ok, do not increment')
opt = parser.parse_args()
opt.save_json |= opt.data.endswith('coco.yaml')
opt.data = check_file(opt.data) # check file
print(opt)
if opt.task in ['val', 'test']: # run normally
test(opt.data,
opt.weights,
opt.batch_size,
opt.img_size,
opt.conf_thres,
opt.iou_thres,
opt.save_json,
opt.single_cls,
opt.augment,
opt.verbose,
save_txt=opt.save_txt | opt.save_hybrid,
save_hybrid=opt.save_hybrid,
save_conf=opt.save_conf,
)
elif opt.task == 'study': # run over a range of settings and save/plot
for weights in ['yolov5s.pt', 'yolov5m.pt', 'yolov5l.pt', 'yolov5x.pt']:
f = 'study_%s_%s.txt' % (Path(opt.data).stem, Path(weights).stem) # filename to save to
x = list(range(320, 800, 64)) # x axis
y = [] # y axis
for i in x: # img-size
print('\nRunning %s point %s...' % (f, i))
r, _, t = test(opt.data, weights, opt.batch_size, i, opt.conf_thres, opt.iou_thres, opt.save_json,
plots=False)
y.append(r + t) # results and times
np.savetxt(f, y, fmt='%10.4g') # save
os.system('zip -r study.zip study_*.txt')
plot_study_txt(f, x) # plot

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import argparse
import logging
import math
import os
import random
import time
from pathlib import Path
from threading import Thread
from warnings import warn
import numpy as np
import torch.distributed as dist
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim
import torch.optim.lr_scheduler as lr_scheduler
import torch.utils.data
import yaml
from torch.cuda import amp
from torch.nn.parallel import DistributedDataParallel as DDP
from torch.utils.tensorboard import SummaryWriter
from tqdm import tqdm
import test # import test.py to get mAP after each epoch
from models.experimental import attempt_load
from models.yolo import Model
from utils.autoanchor import check_anchors
from utils.datasets import create_dataloader
from utils.general import labels_to_class_weights, increment_path, labels_to_image_weights, init_seeds, \
fitness, strip_optimizer, get_latest_run, check_dataset, check_file, check_git_status, check_img_size, \
print_mutation, set_logging
from utils.google_utils import attempt_download
from utils.loss import compute_loss
from utils.plots import plot_images, plot_labels, plot_results, plot_evolution
from utils.torch_utils import ModelEMA, select_device, intersect_dicts, torch_distributed_zero_first
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
try:
import wandb
except ImportError:
wandb = None
logger.info("Install Weights & Biases for experiment logging via 'pip install wandb' (recommended)")
def train(hyp, opt, device, tb_writer=None, wandb=None):
logger.info(f'Hyperparameters {hyp}')
save_dir, epochs, batch_size, total_batch_size, weights, rank = \
Path(opt.save_dir), opt.epochs, opt.batch_size, opt.total_batch_size, opt.weights, opt.global_rank
# Directories
wdir = save_dir / 'weights'
wdir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) # make dir
last = wdir / 'last.pt'
best = wdir / 'best.pt'
results_file = save_dir / 'results.txt'
# Save run settings
with open(save_dir / 'hyp.yaml', 'w') as f:
yaml.dump(hyp, f, sort_keys=False)
with open(save_dir / 'opt.yaml', 'w') as f:
yaml.dump(vars(opt), f, sort_keys=False)
# Configure
plots = not opt.evolve # create plots
cuda = device.type != 'cpu'
init_seeds(2 + rank)
with open(opt.data) as f:
data_dict = yaml.load(f, Loader=yaml.FullLoader) # data dict
with torch_distributed_zero_first(rank):
check_dataset(data_dict) # check
train_path = data_dict['train']
test_path = data_dict['val']
nc = 1 if opt.single_cls else int(data_dict['nc']) # number of classes
names = ['item'] if opt.single_cls and len(data_dict['names']) != 1 else data_dict['names'] # class names
assert len(names) == nc, '%g names found for nc=%g dataset in %s' % (len(names), nc, opt.data) # check
# Model
pretrained = weights.endswith('.pt')
if pretrained:
with torch_distributed_zero_first(rank):
attempt_download(weights) # download if not found locally
ckpt = torch.load(weights, map_location=device) # load checkpoint
if hyp.get('anchors'):
ckpt['model'].yaml['anchors'] = round(hyp['anchors']) # force autoanchor
model = Model(opt.cfg or ckpt['model'].yaml, ch=3, nc=nc).to(device) # create
exclude = ['anchor'] if opt.cfg or hyp.get('anchors') else [] # exclude keys
state_dict = ckpt['model'].float().state_dict() # to FP32
state_dict = intersect_dicts(state_dict, model.state_dict(), exclude=exclude) # intersect
model.load_state_dict(state_dict, strict=False) # load
logger.info('Transferred %g/%g items from %s' % (len(state_dict), len(model.state_dict()), weights)) # report
else:
model = Model(opt.cfg, ch=3, nc=nc).to(device) # create
# Freeze
freeze = [] # parameter names to freeze (full or partial)
for k, v in model.named_parameters():
v.requires_grad = True # train all layers
if any(x in k for x in freeze):
print('freezing %s' % k)
v.requires_grad = False
# Optimizer
nbs = 64 # nominal batch size
accumulate = max(round(nbs / total_batch_size), 1) # accumulate loss before optimizing
hyp['weight_decay'] *= total_batch_size * accumulate / nbs # scale weight_decay
pg0, pg1, pg2 = [], [], [] # optimizer parameter groups
for k, v in model.named_modules():
if hasattr(v, 'bias') and isinstance(v.bias, nn.Parameter):
pg2.append(v.bias) # biases
if isinstance(v, nn.BatchNorm2d):
pg0.append(v.weight) # no decay
elif hasattr(v, 'weight') and isinstance(v.weight, nn.Parameter):
pg1.append(v.weight) # apply decay
if opt.adam:
optimizer = optim.Adam(pg0, lr=hyp['lr0'], betas=(hyp['momentum'], 0.999)) # adjust beta1 to momentum
else:
optimizer = optim.SGD(pg0, lr=hyp['lr0'], momentum=hyp['momentum'], nesterov=True)
optimizer.add_param_group({'params': pg1, 'weight_decay': hyp['weight_decay']}) # add pg1 with weight_decay
optimizer.add_param_group({'params': pg2}) # add pg2 (biases)
logger.info('Optimizer groups: %g .bias, %g conv.weight, %g other' % (len(pg2), len(pg1), len(pg0)))
del pg0, pg1, pg2
# Scheduler https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.01187.pdf
# https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/_modules/torch/optim/lr_scheduler.html#OneCycleLR
lf = lambda x: ((1 + math.cos(x * math.pi / epochs)) / 2) * (1 - hyp['lrf']) + hyp['lrf'] # cosine
scheduler = lr_scheduler.LambdaLR(optimizer, lr_lambda=lf)
# plot_lr_scheduler(optimizer, scheduler, epochs)
# Logging
if wandb and wandb.run is None:
opt.hyp = hyp # add hyperparameters
wandb_run = wandb.init(config=opt, resume="allow",
project='YOLOv5' if opt.project == 'runs/train' else Path(opt.project).stem,
name=save_dir.stem,
id=ckpt.get('wandb_id') if 'ckpt' in locals() else None)
loggers = {'wandb': wandb} # loggers dict
# Resume
start_epoch, best_fitness = 0, 0.0
if pretrained:
# Optimizer
if ckpt['optimizer'] is not None:
optimizer.load_state_dict(ckpt['optimizer'])
best_fitness = ckpt['best_fitness']
# Results
if ckpt.get('training_results') is not None:
with open(results_file, 'w') as file:
file.write(ckpt['training_results']) # write results.txt
# Epochs
start_epoch = ckpt['epoch'] + 1
if opt.resume:
assert start_epoch > 0, '%s training to %g epochs is finished, nothing to resume.' % (weights, epochs)
if epochs < start_epoch:
logger.info('%s has been trained for %g epochs. Fine-tuning for %g additional epochs.' %
(weights, ckpt['epoch'], epochs))
epochs += ckpt['epoch'] # finetune additional epochs
del ckpt, state_dict
# Image sizes
gs = int(max(model.stride)) # grid size (max stride)
imgsz, imgsz_test = [check_img_size(x, gs) for x in opt.img_size] # verify imgsz are gs-multiples
# DP mode
if cuda and rank == -1 and torch.cuda.device_count() > 1:
model = torch.nn.DataParallel(model)
# SyncBatchNorm
if opt.sync_bn and cuda and rank != -1:
model = torch.nn.SyncBatchNorm.convert_sync_batchnorm(model).to(device)
logger.info('Using SyncBatchNorm()')
# EMA
ema = ModelEMA(model) if rank in [-1, 0] else None
# DDP mode
if cuda and rank != -1:
model = DDP(model, device_ids=[opt.local_rank], output_device=opt.local_rank)
# Trainloader
dataloader, dataset = create_dataloader(train_path, imgsz, batch_size, gs, opt,
hyp=hyp, augment=True, cache=opt.cache_images, rect=opt.rect, rank=rank,
world_size=opt.world_size, workers=opt.workers,
image_weights=opt.image_weights)
mlc = np.concatenate(dataset.labels, 0)[:, 0].max() # max label class
nb = len(dataloader) # number of batches
assert mlc < nc, 'Label class %g exceeds nc=%g in %s. Possible class labels are 0-%g' % (mlc, nc, opt.data, nc - 1)
# Process 0
if rank in [-1, 0]:
ema.updates = start_epoch * nb // accumulate # set EMA updates
testloader = create_dataloader(test_path, imgsz_test, total_batch_size, gs, opt, # testloader
hyp=hyp, cache=opt.cache_images and not opt.notest, rect=True,
rank=-1, world_size=opt.world_size, workers=opt.workers, pad=0.5)[0]
if not opt.resume:
labels = np.concatenate(dataset.labels, 0)
c = torch.tensor(labels[:, 0]) # classes
# cf = torch.bincount(c.long(), minlength=nc) + 1. # frequency
# model._initialize_biases(cf.to(device))
if plots:
plot_labels(labels, save_dir, loggers)
if tb_writer:
tb_writer.add_histogram('classes', c, 0)
# Anchors
if not opt.noautoanchor:
check_anchors(dataset, model=model, thr=hyp['anchor_t'], imgsz=imgsz)
# Model parameters
hyp['cls'] *= nc / 80. # scale coco-tuned hyp['cls'] to current dataset
model.nc = nc # attach number of classes to model
model.hyp = hyp # attach hyperparameters to model
model.gr = 1.0 # iou loss ratio (obj_loss = 1.0 or iou)
model.class_weights = labels_to_class_weights(dataset.labels, nc).to(device) * nc # attach class weights
model.names = names
# Start training
t0 = time.time()
nw = max(round(hyp['warmup_epochs'] * nb), 1000) # number of warmup iterations, max(3 epochs, 1k iterations)
# nw = min(nw, (epochs - start_epoch) / 2 * nb) # limit warmup to < 1/2 of training
maps = np.zeros(nc) # mAP per class
results = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) # P, R, mAP@.5, mAP@.5-.95, val_loss(box, obj, cls)
scheduler.last_epoch = start_epoch - 1 # do not move
scaler = amp.GradScaler(enabled=cuda)
logger.info('Image sizes %g train, %g test\n'
'Using %g dataloader workers\nLogging results to %s\n'
'Starting training for %g epochs...' % (imgsz, imgsz_test, dataloader.num_workers, save_dir, epochs))
for epoch in range(start_epoch, epochs): # epoch ------------------------------------------------------------------
model.train()
# Update image weights (optional)
if opt.image_weights:
# Generate indices
if rank in [-1, 0]:
cw = model.class_weights.cpu().numpy() * (1 - maps) ** 2 / nc # class weights
iw = labels_to_image_weights(dataset.labels, nc=nc, class_weights=cw) # image weights
dataset.indices = random.choices(range(dataset.n), weights=iw, k=dataset.n) # rand weighted idx
# Broadcast if DDP
if rank != -1:
indices = (torch.tensor(dataset.indices) if rank == 0 else torch.zeros(dataset.n)).int()
dist.broadcast(indices, 0)
if rank != 0:
dataset.indices = indices.cpu().numpy()
# Update mosaic border
# b = int(random.uniform(0.25 * imgsz, 0.75 * imgsz + gs) // gs * gs)
# dataset.mosaic_border = [b - imgsz, -b] # height, width borders
mloss = torch.zeros(4, device=device) # mean losses
if rank != -1:
dataloader.sampler.set_epoch(epoch)
pbar = enumerate(dataloader)
logger.info(('\n' + '%10s' * 8) % ('Epoch', 'gpu_mem', 'box', 'obj', 'cls', 'total', 'targets', 'img_size'))
if rank in [-1, 0]:
pbar = tqdm(pbar, total=nb) # progress bar
optimizer.zero_grad()
for i, (imgs, targets, paths, _) in pbar: # batch -------------------------------------------------------------
ni = i + nb * epoch # number integrated batches (since train start)
imgs = imgs.to(device, non_blocking=True).float() / 255.0 # uint8 to float32, 0-255 to 0.0-1.0
# Warmup
if ni <= nw:
xi = [0, nw] # x interp
# model.gr = np.interp(ni, xi, [0.0, 1.0]) # iou loss ratio (obj_loss = 1.0 or iou)
accumulate = max(1, np.interp(ni, xi, [1, nbs / total_batch_size]).round())
for j, x in enumerate(optimizer.param_groups):
# bias lr falls from 0.1 to lr0, all other lrs rise from 0.0 to lr0
x['lr'] = np.interp(ni, xi, [hyp['warmup_bias_lr'] if j == 2 else 0.0, x['initial_lr'] * lf(epoch)])
if 'momentum' in x:
x['momentum'] = np.interp(ni, xi, [hyp['warmup_momentum'], hyp['momentum']])
# Multi-scale
if opt.multi_scale:
sz = random.randrange(imgsz * 0.5, imgsz * 1.5 + gs) // gs * gs # size
sf = sz / max(imgs.shape[2:]) # scale factor
if sf != 1:
ns = [math.ceil(x * sf / gs) * gs for x in imgs.shape[2:]] # new shape (stretched to gs-multiple)
imgs = F.interpolate(imgs, size=ns, mode='bilinear', align_corners=False)
# Forward
with amp.autocast(enabled=cuda):
pred = model(imgs) # forward
loss, loss_items = compute_loss(pred, targets.to(device), model) # loss scaled by batch_size
if rank != -1:
loss *= opt.world_size # gradient averaged between devices in DDP mode
# Backward
scaler.scale(loss).backward()
# Optimize
if ni % accumulate == 0:
scaler.step(optimizer) # optimizer.step
scaler.update()
optimizer.zero_grad()
if ema:
ema.update(model)
# Print
if rank in [-1, 0]:
mloss = (mloss * i + loss_items) / (i + 1) # update mean losses
mem = '%.3gG' % (torch.cuda.memory_reserved() / 1E9 if torch.cuda.is_available() else 0) # (GB)
s = ('%10s' * 2 + '%10.4g' * 6) % (
'%g/%g' % (epoch, epochs - 1), mem, *mloss, targets.shape[0], imgs.shape[-1])
pbar.set_description(s)
# Plot
if plots and ni < 3:
f = save_dir / f'train_batch{ni}.jpg' # filename
Thread(target=plot_images, args=(imgs, targets, paths, f), daemon=True).start()
# if tb_writer:
# tb_writer.add_image(f, result, dataformats='HWC', global_step=epoch)
# tb_writer.add_graph(model, imgs) # add model to tensorboard
elif plots and ni == 3 and wandb:
wandb.log({"Mosaics": [wandb.Image(str(x), caption=x.name) for x in save_dir.glob('train*.jpg')]})
# end batch ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# end epoch ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Scheduler
lr = [x['lr'] for x in optimizer.param_groups] # for tensorboard
scheduler.step()
# DDP process 0 or single-GPU
if rank in [-1, 0]:
# mAP
if ema:
ema.update_attr(model, include=['yaml', 'nc', 'hyp', 'gr', 'names', 'stride', 'class_weights'])
final_epoch = epoch + 1 == epochs
if not opt.notest or final_epoch: # Calculate mAP
results, maps, times = test.test(opt.data,
batch_size=total_batch_size,
imgsz=imgsz_test,
model=ema.ema,
single_cls=opt.single_cls,
dataloader=testloader,
save_dir=save_dir,
plots=plots and final_epoch,
log_imgs=opt.log_imgs if wandb else 0)
# Write
with open(results_file, 'a') as f:
f.write(s + '%10.4g' * 7 % results + '\n') # P, R, mAP@.5, mAP@.5-.95, val_loss(box, obj, cls)
if len(opt.name) and opt.bucket:
os.system('gsutil cp %s gs://%s/results/results%s.txt' % (results_file, opt.bucket, opt.name))
# Log
tags = ['train/box_loss', 'train/obj_loss', 'train/cls_loss', # train loss
'metrics/precision', 'metrics/recall', 'metrics/mAP_0.5', 'metrics/mAP_0.5:0.95',
'val/box_loss', 'val/obj_loss', 'val/cls_loss', # val loss
'x/lr0', 'x/lr1', 'x/lr2'] # params
for x, tag in zip(list(mloss[:-1]) + list(results) + lr, tags):
if tb_writer:
tb_writer.add_scalar(tag, x, epoch) # tensorboard
if wandb:
wandb.log({tag: x}) # W&B
# Update best mAP
fi = fitness(np.array(results).reshape(1, -1)) # weighted combination of [P, R, mAP@.5, mAP@.5-.95]
if fi > best_fitness:
best_fitness = fi
# Save model
save = (not opt.nosave) or (final_epoch and not opt.evolve)
if save:
with open(results_file, 'r') as f: # create checkpoint
ckpt = {'epoch': epoch,
'best_fitness': best_fitness,
'training_results': f.read(),
'model': ema.ema,
'optimizer': None if final_epoch else optimizer.state_dict(),
'wandb_id': wandb_run.id if wandb else None}
# Save last, best and delete
torch.save(ckpt, last)
if best_fitness == fi:
torch.save(ckpt, best)
del ckpt
# end epoch ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# end training
if rank in [-1, 0]:
# Strip optimizers
final = best if best.exists() else last # final model
for f in [last, best]:
if f.exists():
strip_optimizer(f) # strip optimizers
if opt.bucket:
os.system(f'gsutil cp {final} gs://{opt.bucket}/weights') # upload
# Plots
if plots:
plot_results(save_dir=save_dir) # save as results.png
if wandb:
files = ['results.png', 'precision_recall_curve.png', 'confusion_matrix.png']
wandb.log({"Results": [wandb.Image(str(save_dir / f), caption=f) for f in files
if (save_dir / f).exists()]})
if opt.log_artifacts:
wandb.log_artifact(artifact_or_path=str(final), type='model', name=save_dir.stem)
# Test best.pt
logger.info('%g epochs completed in %.3f hours.\n' % (epoch - start_epoch + 1, (time.time() - t0) / 3600))
if opt.data.endswith('coco.yaml') and nc == 80: # if COCO
for conf, iou, save_json in ([0.25, 0.45, False], [0.001, 0.65, True]): # speed, mAP tests
results, _, _ = test.test(opt.data,
batch_size=total_batch_size,
imgsz=imgsz_test,
conf_thres=conf,
iou_thres=iou,
model=attempt_load(final, device).half(),
single_cls=opt.single_cls,
dataloader=testloader,
save_dir=save_dir,
save_json=save_json,
plots=False)
else:
dist.destroy_process_group()
wandb.run.finish() if wandb and wandb.run else None
torch.cuda.empty_cache()
return results
if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--weights', type=str, default='yolov5s.pt', help='initial weights path')
parser.add_argument('--cfg', type=str, default='', help='model.yaml path')
parser.add_argument('--data', type=str, default='data/coco128.yaml', help='data.yaml path')
parser.add_argument('--hyp', type=str, default='data/hyp.scratch.yaml', help='hyperparameters path')
parser.add_argument('--epochs', type=int, default=300)
parser.add_argument('--batch-size', type=int, default=16, help='total batch size for all GPUs')
parser.add_argument('--img-size', nargs='+', type=int, default=[640, 640], help='[train, test] image sizes')
parser.add_argument('--rect', action='store_true', help='rectangular training')
parser.add_argument('--resume', nargs='?', const=True, default=False, help='resume most recent training')
parser.add_argument('--nosave', action='store_true', help='only save final checkpoint')
parser.add_argument('--notest', action='store_true', help='only test final epoch')
parser.add_argument('--noautoanchor', action='store_true', help='disable autoanchor check')
parser.add_argument('--evolve', action='store_true', help='evolve hyperparameters')
parser.add_argument('--bucket', type=str, default='', help='gsutil bucket')
parser.add_argument('--cache-images', action='store_true', help='cache images for faster training')
parser.add_argument('--image-weights', action='store_true', help='use weighted image selection for training')
parser.add_argument('--device', default='', help='cuda device, i.e. 0 or 0,1,2,3 or cpu')
parser.add_argument('--multi-scale', action='store_true', help='vary img-size +/- 50%%')
parser.add_argument('--single-cls', action='store_true', help='train multi-class data as single-class')
parser.add_argument('--adam', action='store_true', help='use torch.optim.Adam() optimizer')
parser.add_argument('--sync-bn', action='store_true', help='use SyncBatchNorm, only available in DDP mode')
parser.add_argument('--local_rank', type=int, default=-1, help='DDP parameter, do not modify')
parser.add_argument('--log-imgs', type=int, default=16, help='number of images for W&B logging, max 100')
parser.add_argument('--log-artifacts', action='store_true', help='log artifacts, i.e. final trained model')
parser.add_argument('--workers', type=int, default=8, help='maximum number of dataloader workers')
parser.add_argument('--project', default='runs/train', help='save to project/name')
parser.add_argument('--name', default='exp', help='save to project/name')
parser.add_argument('--exist-ok', action='store_true', help='existing project/name ok, do not increment')
opt = parser.parse_args()
# Set DDP variables
opt.total_batch_size = opt.batch_size
opt.world_size = int(os.environ['WORLD_SIZE']) if 'WORLD_SIZE' in os.environ else 1
opt.global_rank = int(os.environ['RANK']) if 'RANK' in os.environ else -1
set_logging(opt.global_rank)
if opt.global_rank in [-1, 0]:
check_git_status()
# Resume
if opt.resume: # resume an interrupted run
ckpt = opt.resume if isinstance(opt.resume, str) else get_latest_run() # specified or most recent path
assert os.path.isfile(ckpt), 'ERROR: --resume checkpoint does not exist'
apriori = opt.global_rank, opt.local_rank
with open(Path(ckpt).parent.parent / 'opt.yaml') as f:
opt = argparse.Namespace(**yaml.load(f, Loader=yaml.FullLoader)) # replace
opt.cfg, opt.weights, opt.resume, opt.global_rank, opt.local_rank = '', ckpt, True, *apriori # reinstate
logger.info('Resuming training from %s' % ckpt)
else:
# opt.hyp = opt.hyp or ('hyp.finetune.yaml' if opt.weights else 'hyp.scratch.yaml')
opt.data, opt.cfg, opt.hyp = check_file(opt.data), check_file(opt.cfg), check_file(opt.hyp) # check files
assert len(opt.cfg) or len(opt.weights), 'either --cfg or --weights must be specified'
opt.img_size.extend([opt.img_size[-1]] * (2 - len(opt.img_size))) # extend to 2 sizes (train, test)
opt.name = 'evolve' if opt.evolve else opt.name
opt.save_dir = increment_path(Path(opt.project) / opt.name, exist_ok=opt.exist_ok | opt.evolve) # increment run
# DDP mode
device = select_device(opt.device, batch_size=opt.batch_size)
if opt.local_rank != -1:
assert torch.cuda.device_count() > opt.local_rank
torch.cuda.set_device(opt.local_rank)
device = torch.device('cuda', opt.local_rank)
dist.init_process_group(backend='nccl', init_method='env://') # distributed backend
assert opt.batch_size % opt.world_size == 0, '--batch-size must be multiple of CUDA device count'
opt.batch_size = opt.total_batch_size // opt.world_size
# Hyperparameters
with open(opt.hyp) as f:
hyp = yaml.load(f, Loader=yaml.FullLoader) # load hyps
if 'box' not in hyp:
warn('Compatibility: %s missing "box" which was renamed from "giou" in %s' %
(opt.hyp, 'https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/pull/1120'))
hyp['box'] = hyp.pop('giou')
# Train
logger.info(opt)
if not opt.evolve:
tb_writer = None # init loggers
if opt.global_rank in [-1, 0]:
logger.info(f'Start Tensorboard with "tensorboard --logdir {opt.project}", view at http://localhost:6006/')
tb_writer = SummaryWriter(opt.save_dir) # Tensorboard
train(hyp, opt, device, tb_writer, wandb)
# Evolve hyperparameters (optional)
else:
# Hyperparameter evolution metadata (mutation scale 0-1, lower_limit, upper_limit)
meta = {'lr0': (1, 1e-5, 1e-1), # initial learning rate (SGD=1E-2, Adam=1E-3)
'lrf': (1, 0.01, 1.0), # final OneCycleLR learning rate (lr0 * lrf)
'momentum': (0.3, 0.6, 0.98), # SGD momentum/Adam beta1
'weight_decay': (1, 0.0, 0.001), # optimizer weight decay
'warmup_epochs': (1, 0.0, 5.0), # warmup epochs (fractions ok)
'warmup_momentum': (1, 0.0, 0.95), # warmup initial momentum
'warmup_bias_lr': (1, 0.0, 0.2), # warmup initial bias lr
'box': (1, 0.02, 0.2), # box loss gain
'cls': (1, 0.2, 4.0), # cls loss gain
'cls_pw': (1, 0.5, 2.0), # cls BCELoss positive_weight
'obj': (1, 0.2, 4.0), # obj loss gain (scale with pixels)
'obj_pw': (1, 0.5, 2.0), # obj BCELoss positive_weight
'iou_t': (0, 0.1, 0.7), # IoU training threshold
'anchor_t': (1, 2.0, 8.0), # anchor-multiple threshold
'anchors': (2, 2.0, 10.0), # anchors per output grid (0 to ignore)
'fl_gamma': (0, 0.0, 2.0), # focal loss gamma (efficientDet default gamma=1.5)
'hsv_h': (1, 0.0, 0.1), # image HSV-Hue augmentation (fraction)
'hsv_s': (1, 0.0, 0.9), # image HSV-Saturation augmentation (fraction)
'hsv_v': (1, 0.0, 0.9), # image HSV-Value augmentation (fraction)
'degrees': (1, 0.0, 45.0), # image rotation (+/- deg)
'translate': (1, 0.0, 0.9), # image translation (+/- fraction)
'scale': (1, 0.0, 0.9), # image scale (+/- gain)
'shear': (1, 0.0, 10.0), # image shear (+/- deg)
'perspective': (0, 0.0, 0.001), # image perspective (+/- fraction), range 0-0.001
'flipud': (1, 0.0, 1.0), # image flip up-down (probability)
'fliplr': (0, 0.0, 1.0), # image flip left-right (probability)
'mosaic': (1, 0.0, 1.0), # image mixup (probability)
'mixup': (1, 0.0, 1.0)} # image mixup (probability)
assert opt.local_rank == -1, 'DDP mode not implemented for --evolve'
opt.notest, opt.nosave = True, True # only test/save final epoch
# ei = [isinstance(x, (int, float)) for x in hyp.values()] # evolvable indices
yaml_file = Path(opt.save_dir) / 'hyp_evolved.yaml' # save best result here
if opt.bucket:
os.system('gsutil cp gs://%s/evolve.txt .' % opt.bucket) # download evolve.txt if exists
for _ in range(300): # generations to evolve
if Path('evolve.txt').exists(): # if evolve.txt exists: select best hyps and mutate
# Select parent(s)
parent = 'single' # parent selection method: 'single' or 'weighted'
x = np.loadtxt('evolve.txt', ndmin=2)
n = min(5, len(x)) # number of previous results to consider
x = x[np.argsort(-fitness(x))][:n] # top n mutations
w = fitness(x) - fitness(x).min() # weights
if parent == 'single' or len(x) == 1:
# x = x[random.randint(0, n - 1)] # random selection
x = x[random.choices(range(n), weights=w)[0]] # weighted selection
elif parent == 'weighted':
x = (x * w.reshape(n, 1)).sum(0) / w.sum() # weighted combination
# Mutate
mp, s = 0.8, 0.2 # mutation probability, sigma
npr = np.random
npr.seed(int(time.time()))
g = np.array([x[0] for x in meta.values()]) # gains 0-1
ng = len(meta)
v = np.ones(ng)
while all(v == 1): # mutate until a change occurs (prevent duplicates)
v = (g * (npr.random(ng) < mp) * npr.randn(ng) * npr.random() * s + 1).clip(0.3, 3.0)
for i, k in enumerate(hyp.keys()): # plt.hist(v.ravel(), 300)
hyp[k] = float(x[i + 7] * v[i]) # mutate
# Constrain to limits
for k, v in meta.items():
hyp[k] = max(hyp[k], v[1]) # lower limit
hyp[k] = min(hyp[k], v[2]) # upper limit
hyp[k] = round(hyp[k], 5) # significant digits
# Train mutation
results = train(hyp.copy(), opt, device, wandb=wandb)
# Write mutation results
print_mutation(hyp.copy(), results, yaml_file, opt.bucket)
# Plot results
plot_evolution(yaml_file)
print(f'Hyperparameter evolution complete. Best results saved as: {yaml_file}\n'
f'Command to train a new model with these hyperparameters: $ python train.py --hyp {yaml_file}')

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# Activation functions
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
# SiLU https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.02244.pdf ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
class SiLU(nn.Module): # export-friendly version of nn.SiLU()
@staticmethod
def forward(x):
return x * torch.sigmoid(x)
class Hardswish(nn.Module): # export-friendly version of nn.Hardswish()
@staticmethod
def forward(x):
# return x * F.hardsigmoid(x) # for torchscript and CoreML
return x * F.hardtanh(x + 3, 0., 6.) / 6. # for torchscript, CoreML and ONNX
class MemoryEfficientSwish(nn.Module):
class F(torch.autograd.Function):
@staticmethod
def forward(ctx, x):
ctx.save_for_backward(x)
return x * torch.sigmoid(x)
@staticmethod
def backward(ctx, grad_output):
x = ctx.saved_tensors[0]
sx = torch.sigmoid(x)
return grad_output * (sx * (1 + x * (1 - sx)))
def forward(self, x):
return self.F.apply(x)
# Mish https://github.com/digantamisra98/Mish --------------------------------------------------------------------------
class Mish(nn.Module):
@staticmethod
def forward(x):
return x * F.softplus(x).tanh()
class MemoryEfficientMish(nn.Module):
class F(torch.autograd.Function):
@staticmethod
def forward(ctx, x):
ctx.save_for_backward(x)
return x.mul(torch.tanh(F.softplus(x))) # x * tanh(ln(1 + exp(x)))
@staticmethod
def backward(ctx, grad_output):
x = ctx.saved_tensors[0]
sx = torch.sigmoid(x)
fx = F.softplus(x).tanh()
return grad_output * (fx + x * sx * (1 - fx * fx))
def forward(self, x):
return self.F.apply(x)
# FReLU https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.11824 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class FReLU(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, c1, k=3): # ch_in, kernel
super().__init__()
self.conv = nn.Conv2d(c1, c1, k, 1, 1, groups=c1, bias=False)
self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(c1)
def forward(self, x):
return torch.max(x, self.bn(self.conv(x)))

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# Auto-anchor utils
import numpy as np
import torch
import yaml
from scipy.cluster.vq import kmeans
from tqdm import tqdm
def check_anchor_order(m):
# Check anchor order against stride order for YOLOv5 Detect() module m, and correct if necessary
a = m.anchor_grid.prod(-1).view(-1) # anchor area
da = a[-1] - a[0] # delta a
ds = m.stride[-1] - m.stride[0] # delta s
if da.sign() != ds.sign(): # same order
print('Reversing anchor order')
m.anchors[:] = m.anchors.flip(0)
m.anchor_grid[:] = m.anchor_grid.flip(0)
def check_anchors(dataset, model, thr=4.0, imgsz=640):
# Check anchor fit to data, recompute if necessary
print('\nAnalyzing anchors... ', end='')
m = model.module.model[-1] if hasattr(model, 'module') else model.model[-1] # Detect()
shapes = imgsz * dataset.shapes / dataset.shapes.max(1, keepdims=True)
scale = np.random.uniform(0.9, 1.1, size=(shapes.shape[0], 1)) # augment scale
wh = torch.tensor(np.concatenate([l[:, 3:5] * s for s, l in zip(shapes * scale, dataset.labels)])).float() # wh
def metric(k): # compute metric
r = wh[:, None] / k[None]
x = torch.min(r, 1. / r).min(2)[0] # ratio metric
best = x.max(1)[0] # best_x
aat = (x > 1. / thr).float().sum(1).mean() # anchors above threshold
bpr = (best > 1. / thr).float().mean() # best possible recall
return bpr, aat
bpr, aat = metric(m.anchor_grid.clone().cpu().view(-1, 2))
print('anchors/target = %.2f, Best Possible Recall (BPR) = %.4f' % (aat, bpr), end='')
if bpr < 0.98: # threshold to recompute
print('. Attempting to improve anchors, please wait...')
na = m.anchor_grid.numel() // 2 # number of anchors
new_anchors = kmean_anchors(dataset, n=na, img_size=imgsz, thr=thr, gen=1000, verbose=False)
new_bpr = metric(new_anchors.reshape(-1, 2))[0]
if new_bpr > bpr: # replace anchors
new_anchors = torch.tensor(new_anchors, device=m.anchors.device).type_as(m.anchors)
m.anchor_grid[:] = new_anchors.clone().view_as(m.anchor_grid) # for inference
m.anchors[:] = new_anchors.clone().view_as(m.anchors) / m.stride.to(m.anchors.device).view(-1, 1, 1) # loss
check_anchor_order(m)
print('New anchors saved to model. Update model *.yaml to use these anchors in the future.')
else:
print('Original anchors better than new anchors. Proceeding with original anchors.')
print('') # newline
def kmean_anchors(path='./data/coco128.yaml', n=9, img_size=640, thr=4.0, gen=1000, verbose=True):
""" Creates kmeans-evolved anchors from training dataset
Arguments:
path: path to dataset *.yaml, or a loaded dataset
n: number of anchors
img_size: image size used for training
thr: anchor-label wh ratio threshold hyperparameter hyp['anchor_t'] used for training, default=4.0
gen: generations to evolve anchors using genetic algorithm
verbose: print all results
Return:
k: kmeans evolved anchors
Usage:
from utils.autoanchor import *; _ = kmean_anchors()
"""
thr = 1. / thr
def metric(k, wh): # compute metrics
r = wh[:, None] / k[None]
x = torch.min(r, 1. / r).min(2)[0] # ratio metric
# x = wh_iou(wh, torch.tensor(k)) # iou metric
return x, x.max(1)[0] # x, best_x
def anchor_fitness(k): # mutation fitness
_, best = metric(torch.tensor(k, dtype=torch.float32), wh)
return (best * (best > thr).float()).mean() # fitness
def print_results(k):
k = k[np.argsort(k.prod(1))] # sort small to large
x, best = metric(k, wh0)
bpr, aat = (best > thr).float().mean(), (x > thr).float().mean() * n # best possible recall, anch > thr
print('thr=%.2f: %.4f best possible recall, %.2f anchors past thr' % (thr, bpr, aat))
print('n=%g, img_size=%s, metric_all=%.3f/%.3f-mean/best, past_thr=%.3f-mean: ' %
(n, img_size, x.mean(), best.mean(), x[x > thr].mean()), end='')
for i, x in enumerate(k):
print('%i,%i' % (round(x[0]), round(x[1])), end=', ' if i < len(k) - 1 else '\n') # use in *.cfg
return k
if isinstance(path, str): # *.yaml file
with open(path) as f:
data_dict = yaml.load(f, Loader=yaml.FullLoader) # model dict
from utils.datasets import LoadImagesAndLabels
dataset = LoadImagesAndLabels(data_dict['train'], augment=True, rect=True)
else:
dataset = path # dataset
# Get label wh
shapes = img_size * dataset.shapes / dataset.shapes.max(1, keepdims=True)
wh0 = np.concatenate([l[:, 3:5] * s for s, l in zip(shapes, dataset.labels)]) # wh
# Filter
i = (wh0 < 3.0).any(1).sum()
if i:
print('WARNING: Extremely small objects found. '
'%g of %g labels are < 3 pixels in width or height.' % (i, len(wh0)))
wh = wh0[(wh0 >= 2.0).any(1)] # filter > 2 pixels
# Kmeans calculation
print('Running kmeans for %g anchors on %g points...' % (n, len(wh)))
s = wh.std(0) # sigmas for whitening
k, dist = kmeans(wh / s, n, iter=30) # points, mean distance
k *= s
wh = torch.tensor(wh, dtype=torch.float32) # filtered
wh0 = torch.tensor(wh0, dtype=torch.float32) # unfiltered
k = print_results(k)
# Plot
# k, d = [None] * 20, [None] * 20
# for i in tqdm(range(1, 21)):
# k[i-1], d[i-1] = kmeans(wh / s, i) # points, mean distance
# fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(14, 7), tight_layout=True)
# ax = ax.ravel()
# ax[0].plot(np.arange(1, 21), np.array(d) ** 2, marker='.')
# fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(14, 7)) # plot wh
# ax[0].hist(wh[wh[:, 0]<100, 0],400)
# ax[1].hist(wh[wh[:, 1]<100, 1],400)
# fig.savefig('wh.png', dpi=200)
# Evolve
npr = np.random
f, sh, mp, s = anchor_fitness(k), k.shape, 0.9, 0.1 # fitness, generations, mutation prob, sigma
pbar = tqdm(range(gen), desc='Evolving anchors with Genetic Algorithm') # progress bar
for _ in pbar:
v = np.ones(sh)
while (v == 1).all(): # mutate until a change occurs (prevent duplicates)
v = ((npr.random(sh) < mp) * npr.random() * npr.randn(*sh) * s + 1).clip(0.3, 3.0)
kg = (k.copy() * v).clip(min=2.0)
fg = anchor_fitness(kg)
if fg > f:
f, k = fg, kg.copy()
pbar.desc = 'Evolving anchors with Genetic Algorithm: fitness = %.4f' % f
if verbose:
print_results(k)
return print_results(k)

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# Dataset utils and dataloaders
import glob
import logging
import math
import os
import random
import shutil
import time
from itertools import repeat
from multiprocessing.pool import ThreadPool
from pathlib import Path
from threading import Thread
import cv2
import numpy as np
import torch
from PIL import Image, ExifTags
from torch.utils.data import Dataset
from tqdm import tqdm
from utils.general import xyxy2xywh, xywh2xyxy, clean_str
from utils.torch_utils import torch_distributed_zero_first
# Parameters
help_url = 'https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/wiki/Train-Custom-Data'
img_formats = ['bmp', 'jpg', 'jpeg', 'png', 'tif', 'tiff', 'dng'] # acceptable image suffixes
vid_formats = ['mov', 'avi', 'mp4', 'mpg', 'mpeg', 'm4v', 'wmv', 'mkv'] # acceptable video suffixes
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# Get orientation exif tag
for orientation in ExifTags.TAGS.keys():
if ExifTags.TAGS[orientation] == 'Orientation':
break
def get_hash(files):
# Returns a single hash value of a list of files
return sum(os.path.getsize(f) for f in files if os.path.isfile(f))
def exif_size(img):
# Returns exif-corrected PIL size
s = img.size # (width, height)
try:
rotation = dict(img._getexif().items())[orientation]
if rotation == 6: # rotation 270
s = (s[1], s[0])
elif rotation == 8: # rotation 90
s = (s[1], s[0])
except:
pass
return s
def create_dataloader(path, imgsz, batch_size, stride, opt, hyp=None, augment=False, cache=False, pad=0.0, rect=False,
rank=-1, world_size=1, workers=8, image_weights=False):
# Make sure only the first process in DDP process the dataset first, and the following others can use the cache
with torch_distributed_zero_first(rank):
dataset = LoadImagesAndLabels(path, imgsz, batch_size,
augment=augment, # augment images
hyp=hyp, # augmentation hyperparameters
rect=rect, # rectangular training
cache_images=cache,
single_cls=opt.single_cls,
stride=int(stride),
pad=pad,
rank=rank,
image_weights=image_weights)
batch_size = min(batch_size, len(dataset))
nw = min([os.cpu_count() // world_size, batch_size if batch_size > 1 else 0, workers]) # number of workers
sampler = torch.utils.data.distributed.DistributedSampler(dataset) if rank != -1 else None
loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader if image_weights else InfiniteDataLoader
# Use torch.utils.data.DataLoader() if dataset.properties will update during training else InfiniteDataLoader()
dataloader = loader(dataset,
batch_size=batch_size,
num_workers=nw,
sampler=sampler,
pin_memory=True,
collate_fn=LoadImagesAndLabels.collate_fn)
return dataloader, dataset
class InfiniteDataLoader(torch.utils.data.dataloader.DataLoader):
""" Dataloader that reuses workers
Uses same syntax as vanilla DataLoader
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
object.__setattr__(self, 'batch_sampler', _RepeatSampler(self.batch_sampler))
self.iterator = super().__iter__()
def __len__(self):
return len(self.batch_sampler.sampler)
def __iter__(self):
for i in range(len(self)):
yield next(self.iterator)
class _RepeatSampler(object):
""" Sampler that repeats forever
Args:
sampler (Sampler)
"""
def __init__(self, sampler):
self.sampler = sampler
def __iter__(self):
while True:
yield from iter(self.sampler)
class LoadImages: # for inference
def __init__(self, path, img_size=640):
p = str(Path(path)) # os-agnostic
p = os.path.abspath(p) # absolute path
if '*' in p:
files = sorted(glob.glob(p, recursive=True)) # glob
elif os.path.isdir(p):
files = sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(p, '*.*'))) # dir
elif os.path.isfile(p):
files = [p] # files
else:
raise Exception('ERROR: %s does not exist' % p)
images = [x for x in files if x.split('.')[-1].lower() in img_formats]
videos = [x for x in files if x.split('.')[-1].lower() in vid_formats]
ni, nv = len(images), len(videos)
self.img_size = img_size
self.files = images + videos
self.nf = ni + nv # number of files
self.video_flag = [False] * ni + [True] * nv
self.mode = 'image'
if any(videos):
self.new_video(videos[0]) # new video
else:
self.cap = None
assert self.nf > 0, 'No images or videos found in %s. Supported formats are:\nimages: %s\nvideos: %s' % \
(p, img_formats, vid_formats)
def __iter__(self):
self.count = 0
return self
def __next__(self):
if self.count == self.nf:
raise StopIteration
path = self.files[self.count]
if self.video_flag[self.count]:
# Read video
self.mode = 'video'
ret_val, img0 = self.cap.read()
if not ret_val:
self.count += 1
self.cap.release()
if self.count == self.nf: # last video
raise StopIteration
else:
path = self.files[self.count]
self.new_video(path)
ret_val, img0 = self.cap.read()
self.frame += 1
print('video %g/%g (%g/%g) %s: ' % (self.count + 1, self.nf, self.frame, self.nframes, path), end='')
else:
# Read image
self.count += 1
img0 = cv2.imread(path) # BGR
assert img0 is not None, 'Image Not Found ' + path
print('image %g/%g %s: ' % (self.count, self.nf, path), end='')
# Padded resize
img = letterbox(img0, new_shape=self.img_size)[0]
# Convert
img = img[:, :, ::-1].transpose(2, 0, 1) # BGR to RGB, to 3x416x416
img = np.ascontiguousarray(img)
return path, img, img0, self.cap
def new_video(self, path):
self.frame = 0
self.cap = cv2.VideoCapture(path)
self.nframes = int(self.cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT))
def __len__(self):
return self.nf # number of files
class LoadWebcam: # for inference
def __init__(self, pipe='0', img_size=640):
self.img_size = img_size
if pipe.isnumeric():
pipe = eval(pipe) # local camera
# pipe = 'rtsp://192.168.1.64/1' # IP camera
# pipe = 'rtsp://username:password@192.168.1.64/1' # IP camera with login
# pipe = 'http://wmccpinetop.axiscam.net/mjpg/video.mjpg' # IP golf camera
self.pipe = pipe
self.cap = cv2.VideoCapture(pipe) # video capture object
self.cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_BUFFERSIZE, 3) # set buffer size
def __iter__(self):
self.count = -1
return self
def __next__(self):
self.count += 1
if cv2.waitKey(1) == ord('q'): # q to quit
self.cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
raise StopIteration
# Read frame
if self.pipe == 0: # local camera
ret_val, img0 = self.cap.read()
img0 = cv2.flip(img0, 1) # flip left-right
else: # IP camera
n = 0
while True:
n += 1
self.cap.grab()
if n % 30 == 0: # skip frames
ret_val, img0 = self.cap.retrieve()
if ret_val:
break
# Print
assert ret_val, 'Camera Error %s' % self.pipe
img_path = 'webcam.jpg'
print('webcam %g: ' % self.count, end='')
# Padded resize
img = letterbox(img0, new_shape=self.img_size)[0]
# Convert
img = img[:, :, ::-1].transpose(2, 0, 1) # BGR to RGB, to 3x416x416
img = np.ascontiguousarray(img)
return img_path, img, img0, None
def __len__(self):
return 0
class LoadStreams: # multiple IP or RTSP cameras
def __init__(self, sources='streams.txt', img_size=640):
self.mode = 'stream'
self.img_size = img_size
if os.path.isfile(sources):
with open(sources, 'r') as f:
sources = [x.strip() for x in f.read().strip().splitlines() if len(x.strip())]
else:
sources = [sources]
n = len(sources)
self.imgs = [None] * n
self.sources = [clean_str(x) for x in sources] # clean source names for later
for i, s in enumerate(sources):
# Start the thread to read frames from the video stream
print('%g/%g: %s... ' % (i + 1, n, s), end='')
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(eval(s) if s.isnumeric() else s)
assert cap.isOpened(), 'Failed to open %s' % s
w = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH))
h = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT))
fps = cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS) % 100
_, self.imgs[i] = cap.read() # guarantee first frame
thread = Thread(target=self.update, args=([i, cap]), daemon=True)
print(' success (%gx%g at %.2f FPS).' % (w, h, fps))
thread.start()
print('') # newline
# check for common shapes
s = np.stack([letterbox(x, new_shape=self.img_size)[0].shape for x in self.imgs], 0) # inference shapes
self.rect = np.unique(s, axis=0).shape[0] == 1 # rect inference if all shapes equal
if not self.rect:
print('WARNING: Different stream shapes detected. For optimal performance supply similarly-shaped streams.')
def update(self, index, cap):
# Read next stream frame in a daemon thread
n = 0
while cap.isOpened():
n += 1
# _, self.imgs[index] = cap.read()
cap.grab()
if n == 4: # read every 4th frame
_, self.imgs[index] = cap.retrieve()
n = 0
time.sleep(0.01) # wait time
def __iter__(self):
self.count = -1
return self
def __next__(self):
self.count += 1
img0 = self.imgs.copy()
if cv2.waitKey(1) == ord('q'): # q to quit
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
raise StopIteration
# Letterbox
img = [letterbox(x, new_shape=self.img_size, auto=self.rect)[0] for x in img0]
# Stack
img = np.stack(img, 0)
# Convert
img = img[:, :, :, ::-1].transpose(0, 3, 1, 2) # BGR to RGB, to bsx3x416x416
img = np.ascontiguousarray(img)
return self.sources, img, img0, None
def __len__(self):
return 0 # 1E12 frames = 32 streams at 30 FPS for 30 years
def img2label_paths(img_paths):
# Define label paths as a function of image paths
sa, sb = os.sep + 'images' + os.sep, os.sep + 'labels' + os.sep # /images/, /labels/ substrings
return [x.replace(sa, sb, 1).replace('.' + x.split('.')[-1], '.txt') for x in img_paths]
class LoadImagesAndLabels(Dataset): # for training/testing
def __init__(self, path, img_size=640, batch_size=16, augment=False, hyp=None, rect=False, image_weights=False,
cache_images=False, single_cls=False, stride=32, pad=0.0, rank=-1):
self.img_size = img_size
self.augment = augment
self.hyp = hyp
self.image_weights = image_weights
self.rect = False if image_weights else rect
self.mosaic = self.augment and not self.rect # load 4 images at a time into a mosaic (only during training)
self.mosaic_border = [-img_size // 2, -img_size // 2]
self.stride = stride
try:
f = [] # image files
for p in path if isinstance(path, list) else [path]:
p = Path(p) # os-agnostic
if p.is_dir(): # dir
f += glob.glob(str(p / '**' / '*.*'), recursive=True)
elif p.is_file(): # file
with open(p, 'r') as t:
t = t.read().strip().splitlines()
parent = str(p.parent) + os.sep
f += [x.replace('./', parent) if x.startswith('./') else x for x in t] # local to global path
else:
raise Exception('%s does not exist' % p)
self.img_files = sorted([x.replace('/', os.sep) for x in f if x.split('.')[-1].lower() in img_formats])
assert self.img_files, 'No images found'
except Exception as e:
raise Exception('Error loading data from %s: %s\nSee %s' % (path, e, help_url))
# Check cache
self.label_files = img2label_paths(self.img_files) # labels
cache_path = Path(self.label_files[0]).parent.with_suffix('.cache') # cached labels
if cache_path.is_file():
cache = torch.load(cache_path) # load
if cache['hash'] != get_hash(self.label_files + self.img_files) or 'results' not in cache: # changed
cache = self.cache_labels(cache_path) # re-cache
else:
cache = self.cache_labels(cache_path) # cache
# Display cache
[nf, nm, ne, nc, n] = cache.pop('results') # found, missing, empty, corrupted, total
desc = f"Scanning '{cache_path}' for images and labels... {nf} found, {nm} missing, {ne} empty, {nc} corrupted"
tqdm(None, desc=desc, total=n, initial=n)
assert nf > 0 or not augment, f'No labels found in {cache_path}. Can not train without labels. See {help_url}'
# Read cache
cache.pop('hash') # remove hash
labels, shapes = zip(*cache.values())
self.labels = list(labels)
self.shapes = np.array(shapes, dtype=np.float64)
self.img_files = list(cache.keys()) # update
self.label_files = img2label_paths(cache.keys()) # update
if single_cls:
for x in self.labels:
x[:, 0] = 0
n = len(shapes) # number of images
bi = np.floor(np.arange(n) / batch_size).astype(np.int) # batch index
nb = bi[-1] + 1 # number of batches
self.batch = bi # batch index of image
self.n = n
self.indices = range(n)
# Rectangular Training
if self.rect:
# Sort by aspect ratio
s = self.shapes # wh
ar = s[:, 1] / s[:, 0] # aspect ratio
irect = ar.argsort()
self.img_files = [self.img_files[i] for i in irect]
self.label_files = [self.label_files[i] for i in irect]
self.labels = [self.labels[i] for i in irect]
self.shapes = s[irect] # wh
ar = ar[irect]
# Set training image shapes
shapes = [[1, 1]] * nb
for i in range(nb):
ari = ar[bi == i]
mini, maxi = ari.min(), ari.max()
if maxi < 1:
shapes[i] = [maxi, 1]
elif mini > 1:
shapes[i] = [1, 1 / mini]
self.batch_shapes = np.ceil(np.array(shapes) * img_size / stride + pad).astype(np.int) * stride
# Cache images into memory for faster training (WARNING: large datasets may exceed system RAM)
self.imgs = [None] * n
if cache_images:
gb = 0 # Gigabytes of cached images
self.img_hw0, self.img_hw = [None] * n, [None] * n
results = ThreadPool(8).imap(lambda x: load_image(*x), zip(repeat(self), range(n))) # 8 threads
pbar = tqdm(enumerate(results), total=n)
for i, x in pbar:
self.imgs[i], self.img_hw0[i], self.img_hw[i] = x # img, hw_original, hw_resized = load_image(self, i)
gb += self.imgs[i].nbytes
pbar.desc = 'Caching images (%.1fGB)' % (gb / 1E9)
def cache_labels(self, path=Path('./labels.cache')):
# Cache dataset labels, check images and read shapes
x = {} # dict
nm, nf, ne, nc = 0, 0, 0, 0 # number missing, found, empty, duplicate
pbar = tqdm(zip(self.img_files, self.label_files), desc='Scanning images', total=len(self.img_files))
for i, (im_file, lb_file) in enumerate(pbar):
try:
# verify images
im = Image.open(im_file)
im.verify() # PIL verify
shape = exif_size(im) # image size
assert (shape[0] > 9) & (shape[1] > 9), 'image size <10 pixels'
# verify labels
if os.path.isfile(lb_file):
nf += 1 # label found
with open(lb_file, 'r') as f:
l = np.array([x.split() for x in f.read().strip().splitlines()], dtype=np.float32) # labels
if len(l):
assert l.shape[1] == 5, 'labels require 5 columns each'
assert (l >= 0).all(), 'negative labels'
assert (l[:, 1:] <= 1).all(), 'non-normalized or out of bounds coordinate labels'
assert np.unique(l, axis=0).shape[0] == l.shape[0], 'duplicate labels'
else:
ne += 1 # label empty
l = np.zeros((0, 5), dtype=np.float32)
else:
nm += 1 # label missing
l = np.zeros((0, 5), dtype=np.float32)
x[im_file] = [l, shape]
except Exception as e:
nc += 1
print('WARNING: Ignoring corrupted image and/or label %s: %s' % (im_file, e))
pbar.desc = f"Scanning '{path.parent / path.stem}' for images and labels... " \
f"{nf} found, {nm} missing, {ne} empty, {nc} corrupted"
if nf == 0:
print(f'WARNING: No labels found in {path}. See {help_url}')
x['hash'] = get_hash(self.label_files + self.img_files)
x['results'] = [nf, nm, ne, nc, i + 1]
torch.save(x, path) # save for next time
logging.info(f"New cache created: {path}")
return x
def __len__(self):
return len(self.img_files)
# def __iter__(self):
# self.count = -1
# print('ran dataset iter')
# #self.shuffled_vector = np.random.permutation(self.nF) if self.augment else np.arange(self.nF)
# return self
def __getitem__(self, index):
index = self.indices[index] # linear, shuffled, or image_weights
hyp = self.hyp
mosaic = self.mosaic and random.random() < hyp['mosaic']
if mosaic:
# Load mosaic
img, labels = load_mosaic(self, index)
shapes = None
# MixUp https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.09412.pdf
if random.random() < hyp['mixup']:
img2, labels2 = load_mosaic(self, random.randint(0, self.n - 1))
r = np.random.beta(8.0, 8.0) # mixup ratio, alpha=beta=8.0
img = (img * r + img2 * (1 - r)).astype(np.uint8)
labels = np.concatenate((labels, labels2), 0)
else:
# Load image
img, (h0, w0), (h, w) = load_image(self, index)
# Letterbox
shape = self.batch_shapes[self.batch[index]] if self.rect else self.img_size # final letterboxed shape
img, ratio, pad = letterbox(img, shape, auto=False, scaleup=self.augment)
shapes = (h0, w0), ((h / h0, w / w0), pad) # for COCO mAP rescaling
# Load labels
labels = []
x = self.labels[index]
if x.size > 0:
# Normalized xywh to pixel xyxy format
labels = x.copy()
labels[:, 1] = ratio[0] * w * (x[:, 1] - x[:, 3] / 2) + pad[0] # pad width
labels[:, 2] = ratio[1] * h * (x[:, 2] - x[:, 4] / 2) + pad[1] # pad height
labels[:, 3] = ratio[0] * w * (x[:, 1] + x[:, 3] / 2) + pad[0]
labels[:, 4] = ratio[1] * h * (x[:, 2] + x[:, 4] / 2) + pad[1]
if self.augment:
# Augment imagespace
if not mosaic:
img, labels = random_perspective(img, labels,
degrees=hyp['degrees'],
translate=hyp['translate'],
scale=hyp['scale'],
shear=hyp['shear'],
perspective=hyp['perspective'])
# Augment colorspace
augment_hsv(img, hgain=hyp['hsv_h'], sgain=hyp['hsv_s'], vgain=hyp['hsv_v'])
# Apply cutouts
# if random.random() < 0.9:
# labels = cutout(img, labels)
nL = len(labels) # number of labels
if nL:
labels[:, 1:5] = xyxy2xywh(labels[:, 1:5]) # convert xyxy to xywh
labels[:, [2, 4]] /= img.shape[0] # normalized height 0-1
labels[:, [1, 3]] /= img.shape[1] # normalized width 0-1
if self.augment:
# flip up-down
if random.random() < hyp['flipud']:
img = np.flipud(img)
if nL:
labels[:, 2] = 1 - labels[:, 2]
# flip left-right
if random.random() < hyp['fliplr']:
img = np.fliplr(img)
if nL:
labels[:, 1] = 1 - labels[:, 1]
labels_out = torch.zeros((nL, 6))
if nL:
labels_out[:, 1:] = torch.from_numpy(labels)
# Convert
img = img[:, :, ::-1].transpose(2, 0, 1) # BGR to RGB, to 3x416x416
img = np.ascontiguousarray(img)
return torch.from_numpy(img), labels_out, self.img_files[index], shapes
@staticmethod
def collate_fn(batch):
img, label, path, shapes = zip(*batch) # transposed
for i, l in enumerate(label):
l[:, 0] = i # add target image index for build_targets()
return torch.stack(img, 0), torch.cat(label, 0), path, shapes
# Ancillary functions --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def load_image(self, index):
# loads 1 image from dataset, returns img, original hw, resized hw
img = self.imgs[index]
if img is None: # not cached
path = self.img_files[index]
img = cv2.imread(path) # BGR
assert img is not None, 'Image Not Found ' + path
h0, w0 = img.shape[:2] # orig hw
r = self.img_size / max(h0, w0) # resize image to img_size
if r != 1: # always resize down, only resize up if training with augmentation
interp = cv2.INTER_AREA if r < 1 and not self.augment else cv2.INTER_LINEAR
img = cv2.resize(img, (int(w0 * r), int(h0 * r)), interpolation=interp)
return img, (h0, w0), img.shape[:2] # img, hw_original, hw_resized
else:
return self.imgs[index], self.img_hw0[index], self.img_hw[index] # img, hw_original, hw_resized
def augment_hsv(img, hgain=0.5, sgain=0.5, vgain=0.5):
r = np.random.uniform(-1, 1, 3) * [hgain, sgain, vgain] + 1 # random gains
hue, sat, val = cv2.split(cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV))
dtype = img.dtype # uint8
x = np.arange(0, 256, dtype=np.int16)
lut_hue = ((x * r[0]) % 180).astype(dtype)
lut_sat = np.clip(x * r[1], 0, 255).astype(dtype)
lut_val = np.clip(x * r[2], 0, 255).astype(dtype)
img_hsv = cv2.merge((cv2.LUT(hue, lut_hue), cv2.LUT(sat, lut_sat), cv2.LUT(val, lut_val))).astype(dtype)
cv2.cvtColor(img_hsv, cv2.COLOR_HSV2BGR, dst=img) # no return needed
# Histogram equalization
# if random.random() < 0.2:
# for i in range(3):
# img[:, :, i] = cv2.equalizeHist(img[:, :, i])
def load_mosaic(self, index):
# loads images in a mosaic
labels4 = []
s = self.img_size
yc, xc = [int(random.uniform(-x, 2 * s + x)) for x in self.mosaic_border] # mosaic center x, y
indices = [index] + [self.indices[random.randint(0, self.n - 1)] for _ in range(3)] # 3 additional image indices
for i, index in enumerate(indices):
# Load image
img, _, (h, w) = load_image(self, index)
# place img in img4
if i == 0: # top left
img4 = np.full((s * 2, s * 2, img.shape[2]), 114, dtype=np.uint8) # base image with 4 tiles
x1a, y1a, x2a, y2a = max(xc - w, 0), max(yc - h, 0), xc, yc # xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax (large image)
x1b, y1b, x2b, y2b = w - (x2a - x1a), h - (y2a - y1a), w, h # xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax (small image)
elif i == 1: # top right
x1a, y1a, x2a, y2a = xc, max(yc - h, 0), min(xc + w, s * 2), yc
x1b, y1b, x2b, y2b = 0, h - (y2a - y1a), min(w, x2a - x1a), h
elif i == 2: # bottom left
x1a, y1a, x2a, y2a = max(xc - w, 0), yc, xc, min(s * 2, yc + h)
x1b, y1b, x2b, y2b = w - (x2a - x1a), 0, w, min(y2a - y1a, h)
elif i == 3: # bottom right
x1a, y1a, x2a, y2a = xc, yc, min(xc + w, s * 2), min(s * 2, yc + h)
x1b, y1b, x2b, y2b = 0, 0, min(w, x2a - x1a), min(y2a - y1a, h)
img4[y1a:y2a, x1a:x2a] = img[y1b:y2b, x1b:x2b] # img4[ymin:ymax, xmin:xmax]
padw = x1a - x1b
padh = y1a - y1b
# Labels
x = self.labels[index]
labels = x.copy()
if x.size > 0: # Normalized xywh to pixel xyxy format
labels[:, 1] = w * (x[:, 1] - x[:, 3] / 2) + padw
labels[:, 2] = h * (x[:, 2] - x[:, 4] / 2) + padh
labels[:, 3] = w * (x[:, 1] + x[:, 3] / 2) + padw
labels[:, 4] = h * (x[:, 2] + x[:, 4] / 2) + padh
labels4.append(labels)
# Concat/clip labels
if len(labels4):
labels4 = np.concatenate(labels4, 0)
np.clip(labels4[:, 1:], 0, 2 * s, out=labels4[:, 1:]) # use with random_perspective
# img4, labels4 = replicate(img4, labels4) # replicate
# Augment
img4, labels4 = random_perspective(img4, labels4,
degrees=self.hyp['degrees'],
translate=self.hyp['translate'],
scale=self.hyp['scale'],
shear=self.hyp['shear'],
perspective=self.hyp['perspective'],
border=self.mosaic_border) # border to remove
return img4, labels4
def replicate(img, labels):
# Replicate labels
h, w = img.shape[:2]
boxes = labels[:, 1:].astype(int)
x1, y1, x2, y2 = boxes.T
s = ((x2 - x1) + (y2 - y1)) / 2 # side length (pixels)
for i in s.argsort()[:round(s.size * 0.5)]: # smallest indices
x1b, y1b, x2b, y2b = boxes[i]
bh, bw = y2b - y1b, x2b - x1b
yc, xc = int(random.uniform(0, h - bh)), int(random.uniform(0, w - bw)) # offset x, y
x1a, y1a, x2a, y2a = [xc, yc, xc + bw, yc + bh]
img[y1a:y2a, x1a:x2a] = img[y1b:y2b, x1b:x2b] # img4[ymin:ymax, xmin:xmax]
labels = np.append(labels, [[labels[i, 0], x1a, y1a, x2a, y2a]], axis=0)
return img, labels
def letterbox(img, new_shape=(640, 640), color=(114, 114, 114), auto=True, scaleFill=False, scaleup=True):
# Resize image to a 32-pixel-multiple rectangle https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov3/issues/232
shape = img.shape[:2] # current shape [height, width]
if isinstance(new_shape, int):
new_shape = (new_shape, new_shape)
# Scale ratio (new / old)
r = min(new_shape[0] / shape[0], new_shape[1] / shape[1])
if not scaleup: # only scale down, do not scale up (for better test mAP)
r = min(r, 1.0)
# Compute padding
ratio = r, r # width, height ratios
new_unpad = int(round(shape[1] * r)), int(round(shape[0] * r))
dw, dh = new_shape[1] - new_unpad[0], new_shape[0] - new_unpad[1] # wh padding
if auto: # minimum rectangle
dw, dh = np.mod(dw, 32), np.mod(dh, 32) # wh padding
elif scaleFill: # stretch
dw, dh = 0.0, 0.0
new_unpad = (new_shape[1], new_shape[0])
ratio = new_shape[1] / shape[1], new_shape[0] / shape[0] # width, height ratios
dw /= 2 # divide padding into 2 sides
dh /= 2
if shape[::-1] != new_unpad: # resize
img = cv2.resize(img, new_unpad, interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
top, bottom = int(round(dh - 0.1)), int(round(dh + 0.1))
left, right = int(round(dw - 0.1)), int(round(dw + 0.1))
img = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img, top, bottom, left, right, cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, value=color) # add border
return img, ratio, (dw, dh)
def random_perspective(img, targets=(), degrees=10, translate=.1, scale=.1, shear=10, perspective=0.0, border=(0, 0)):
# torchvision.transforms.RandomAffine(degrees=(-10, 10), translate=(.1, .1), scale=(.9, 1.1), shear=(-10, 10))
# targets = [cls, xyxy]
height = img.shape[0] + border[0] * 2 # shape(h,w,c)
width = img.shape[1] + border[1] * 2
# Center
C = np.eye(3)
C[0, 2] = -img.shape[1] / 2 # x translation (pixels)
C[1, 2] = -img.shape[0] / 2 # y translation (pixels)
# Perspective
P = np.eye(3)
P[2, 0] = random.uniform(-perspective, perspective) # x perspective (about y)
P[2, 1] = random.uniform(-perspective, perspective) # y perspective (about x)
# Rotation and Scale
R = np.eye(3)
a = random.uniform(-degrees, degrees)
# a += random.choice([-180, -90, 0, 90]) # add 90deg rotations to small rotations
s = random.uniform(1 - scale, 1 + scale)
# s = 2 ** random.uniform(-scale, scale)
R[:2] = cv2.getRotationMatrix2D(angle=a, center=(0, 0), scale=s)
# Shear
S = np.eye(3)
S[0, 1] = math.tan(random.uniform(-shear, shear) * math.pi / 180) # x shear (deg)
S[1, 0] = math.tan(random.uniform(-shear, shear) * math.pi / 180) # y shear (deg)
# Translation
T = np.eye(3)
T[0, 2] = random.uniform(0.5 - translate, 0.5 + translate) * width # x translation (pixels)
T[1, 2] = random.uniform(0.5 - translate, 0.5 + translate) * height # y translation (pixels)
# Combined rotation matrix
M = T @ S @ R @ P @ C # order of operations (right to left) is IMPORTANT
if (border[0] != 0) or (border[1] != 0) or (M != np.eye(3)).any(): # image changed
if perspective:
img = cv2.warpPerspective(img, M, dsize=(width, height), borderValue=(114, 114, 114))
else: # affine
img = cv2.warpAffine(img, M[:2], dsize=(width, height), borderValue=(114, 114, 114))
# Visualize
# import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# ax = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(12, 6))[1].ravel()
# ax[0].imshow(img[:, :, ::-1]) # base
# ax[1].imshow(img2[:, :, ::-1]) # warped
# Transform label coordinates
n = len(targets)
if n:
# warp points
xy = np.ones((n * 4, 3))
xy[:, :2] = targets[:, [1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 4, 3, 2]].reshape(n * 4, 2) # x1y1, x2y2, x1y2, x2y1
xy = xy @ M.T # transform
if perspective:
xy = (xy[:, :2] / xy[:, 2:3]).reshape(n, 8) # rescale
else: # affine
xy = xy[:, :2].reshape(n, 8)
# create new boxes
x = xy[:, [0, 2, 4, 6]]
y = xy[:, [1, 3, 5, 7]]
xy = np.concatenate((x.min(1), y.min(1), x.max(1), y.max(1))).reshape(4, n).T
# # apply angle-based reduction of bounding boxes
# radians = a * math.pi / 180
# reduction = max(abs(math.sin(radians)), abs(math.cos(radians))) ** 0.5
# x = (xy[:, 2] + xy[:, 0]) / 2
# y = (xy[:, 3] + xy[:, 1]) / 2
# w = (xy[:, 2] - xy[:, 0]) * reduction
# h = (xy[:, 3] - xy[:, 1]) * reduction
# xy = np.concatenate((x - w / 2, y - h / 2, x + w / 2, y + h / 2)).reshape(4, n).T
# clip boxes
xy[:, [0, 2]] = xy[:, [0, 2]].clip(0, width)
xy[:, [1, 3]] = xy[:, [1, 3]].clip(0, height)
# filter candidates
i = box_candidates(box1=targets[:, 1:5].T * s, box2=xy.T)
targets = targets[i]
targets[:, 1:5] = xy[i]
return img, targets
def box_candidates(box1, box2, wh_thr=2, ar_thr=20, area_thr=0.1): # box1(4,n), box2(4,n)
# Compute candidate boxes: box1 before augment, box2 after augment, wh_thr (pixels), aspect_ratio_thr, area_ratio
w1, h1 = box1[2] - box1[0], box1[3] - box1[1]
w2, h2 = box2[2] - box2[0], box2[3] - box2[1]
ar = np.maximum(w2 / (h2 + 1e-16), h2 / (w2 + 1e-16)) # aspect ratio
return (w2 > wh_thr) & (h2 > wh_thr) & (w2 * h2 / (w1 * h1 + 1e-16) > area_thr) & (ar < ar_thr) # candidates
def cutout(image, labels):
# Applies image cutout augmentation https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.04552
h, w = image.shape[:2]
def bbox_ioa(box1, box2):
# Returns the intersection over box2 area given box1, box2. box1 is 4, box2 is nx4. boxes are x1y1x2y2
box2 = box2.transpose()
# Get the coordinates of bounding boxes
b1_x1, b1_y1, b1_x2, b1_y2 = box1[0], box1[1], box1[2], box1[3]
b2_x1, b2_y1, b2_x2, b2_y2 = box2[0], box2[1], box2[2], box2[3]
# Intersection area
inter_area = (np.minimum(b1_x2, b2_x2) - np.maximum(b1_x1, b2_x1)).clip(0) * \
(np.minimum(b1_y2, b2_y2) - np.maximum(b1_y1, b2_y1)).clip(0)
# box2 area
box2_area = (b2_x2 - b2_x1) * (b2_y2 - b2_y1) + 1e-16
# Intersection over box2 area
return inter_area / box2_area
# create random masks
scales = [0.5] * 1 + [0.25] * 2 + [0.125] * 4 + [0.0625] * 8 + [0.03125] * 16 # image size fraction
for s in scales:
mask_h = random.randint(1, int(h * s))
mask_w = random.randint(1, int(w * s))
# box
xmin = max(0, random.randint(0, w) - mask_w // 2)
ymin = max(0, random.randint(0, h) - mask_h // 2)
xmax = min(w, xmin + mask_w)
ymax = min(h, ymin + mask_h)
# apply random color mask
image[ymin:ymax, xmin:xmax] = [random.randint(64, 191) for _ in range(3)]
# return unobscured labels
if len(labels) and s > 0.03:
box = np.array([xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax], dtype=np.float32)
ioa = bbox_ioa(box, labels[:, 1:5]) # intersection over area
labels = labels[ioa < 0.60] # remove >60% obscured labels
return labels
def create_folder(path='./new'):
# Create folder
if os.path.exists(path):
shutil.rmtree(path) # delete output folder
os.makedirs(path) # make new output folder
def flatten_recursive(path='../coco128'):
# Flatten a recursive directory by bringing all files to top level
new_path = Path(path + '_flat')
create_folder(new_path)
for file in tqdm(glob.glob(str(Path(path)) + '/**/*.*', recursive=True)):
shutil.copyfile(file, new_path / Path(file).name)
def extract_boxes(path='../coco128/'): # from utils.datasets import *; extract_boxes('../coco128')
# Convert detection dataset into classification dataset, with one directory per class
path = Path(path) # images dir
shutil.rmtree(path / 'classifier') if (path / 'classifier').is_dir() else None # remove existing
files = list(path.rglob('*.*'))
n = len(files) # number of files
for im_file in tqdm(files, total=n):
if im_file.suffix[1:] in img_formats:
# image
im = cv2.imread(str(im_file))[..., ::-1] # BGR to RGB
h, w = im.shape[:2]
# labels
lb_file = Path(img2label_paths([str(im_file)])[0])
if Path(lb_file).exists():
with open(lb_file, 'r') as f:
lb = np.array([x.split() for x in f.read().strip().splitlines()], dtype=np.float32) # labels
for j, x in enumerate(lb):
c = int(x[0]) # class
f = (path / 'classifier') / f'{c}' / f'{path.stem}_{im_file.stem}_{j}.jpg' # new filename
if not f.parent.is_dir():
f.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
b = x[1:] * [w, h, w, h] # box
# b[2:] = b[2:].max() # rectangle to square
b[2:] = b[2:] * 1.2 + 3 # pad
b = xywh2xyxy(b.reshape(-1, 4)).ravel().astype(np.int)
b[[0, 2]] = np.clip(b[[0, 2]], 0, w) # clip boxes outside of image
b[[1, 3]] = np.clip(b[[1, 3]], 0, h)
assert cv2.imwrite(str(f), im[b[1]:b[3], b[0]:b[2]]), f'box failure in {f}'
def autosplit(path='../coco128', weights=(0.9, 0.1, 0.0)): # from utils.datasets import *; autosplit('../coco128')
""" Autosplit a dataset into train/val/test splits and save path/autosplit_*.txt files
# Arguments
path: Path to images directory
weights: Train, val, test weights (list)
"""
path = Path(path) # images dir
files = list(path.rglob('*.*'))
n = len(files) # number of files
indices = random.choices([0, 1, 2], weights=weights, k=n) # assign each image to a split
txt = ['autosplit_train.txt', 'autosplit_val.txt', 'autosplit_test.txt'] # 3 txt files
[(path / x).unlink() for x in txt if (path / x).exists()] # remove existing
for i, img in tqdm(zip(indices, files), total=n):
if img.suffix[1:] in img_formats:
with open(path / txt[i], 'a') as f:
f.write(str(img) + '\n') # add image to txt file

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# General utils
import glob
import logging
import math
import os
import platform
import random
import re
import subprocess
import time
from pathlib import Path
import cv2
import numpy as np
import torch
import torchvision
import yaml
from utils.google_utils import gsutil_getsize
from utils.metrics import fitness
from utils.torch_utils import init_torch_seeds
# Settings
torch.set_printoptions(linewidth=320, precision=5, profile='long')
np.set_printoptions(linewidth=320, formatter={'float_kind': '{:11.5g}'.format}) # format short g, %precision=5
cv2.setNumThreads(0) # prevent OpenCV from multithreading (incompatible with PyTorch DataLoader)
def set_logging(rank=-1):
logging.basicConfig(
format="%(message)s",
level=logging.INFO if rank in [-1, 0] else logging.WARN)
def init_seeds(seed=0):
random.seed(seed)
np.random.seed(seed)
init_torch_seeds(seed)
def get_latest_run(search_dir='.'):
# Return path to most recent 'last.pt' in /runs (i.e. to --resume from)
last_list = glob.glob(f'{search_dir}/**/last*.pt', recursive=True)
return max(last_list, key=os.path.getctime) if last_list else ''
def check_git_status():
# Suggest 'git pull' if repo is out of date
if platform.system() in ['Linux', 'Darwin'] and not os.path.isfile('/.dockerenv'):
s = subprocess.check_output('if [ -d .git ]; then git fetch && git status -uno; fi', shell=True).decode('utf-8')
if 'Your branch is behind' in s:
print(s[s.find('Your branch is behind'):s.find('\n\n')] + '\n')
def check_img_size(img_size, s=32):
# Verify img_size is a multiple of stride s
new_size = make_divisible(img_size, int(s)) # ceil gs-multiple
if new_size != img_size:
print('WARNING: --img-size %g must be multiple of max stride %g, updating to %g' % (img_size, s, new_size))
return new_size
def check_file(file):
# Search for file if not found
if os.path.isfile(file) or file == '':
return file
else:
files = glob.glob('./**/' + file, recursive=True) # find file
assert len(files), 'File Not Found: %s' % file # assert file was found
assert len(files) == 1, "Multiple files match '%s', specify exact path: %s" % (file, files) # assert unique
return files[0] # return file
def check_dataset(dict):
# Download dataset if not found locally
val, s = dict.get('val'), dict.get('download')
if val and len(val):
val = [Path(x).resolve() for x in (val if isinstance(val, list) else [val])] # val path
if not all(x.exists() for x in val):
print('\nWARNING: Dataset not found, nonexistent paths: %s' % [str(x) for x in val if not x.exists()])
if s and len(s): # download script
print('Downloading %s ...' % s)
if s.startswith('http') and s.endswith('.zip'): # URL
f = Path(s).name # filename
torch.hub.download_url_to_file(s, f)
r = os.system('unzip -q %s -d ../ && rm %s' % (f, f)) # unzip
else: # bash script
r = os.system(s)
print('Dataset autodownload %s\n' % ('success' if r == 0 else 'failure')) # analyze return value
else:
raise Exception('Dataset not found.')
def make_divisible(x, divisor):
# Returns x evenly divisible by divisor
return math.ceil(x / divisor) * divisor
def clean_str(s):
# Cleans a string by replacing special characters with underscore _
return re.sub(pattern="[|@#!¡·$€%&()=?¿^*;:,¨´><+]", repl="_", string=s)
def labels_to_class_weights(labels, nc=80):
# Get class weights (inverse frequency) from training labels
if labels[0] is None: # no labels loaded
return torch.Tensor()
labels = np.concatenate(labels, 0) # labels.shape = (866643, 5) for COCO
classes = labels[:, 0].astype(np.int) # labels = [class xywh]
weights = np.bincount(classes, minlength=nc) # occurrences per class
# Prepend gridpoint count (for uCE training)
# gpi = ((320 / 32 * np.array([1, 2, 4])) ** 2 * 3).sum() # gridpoints per image
# weights = np.hstack([gpi * len(labels) - weights.sum() * 9, weights * 9]) ** 0.5 # prepend gridpoints to start
weights[weights == 0] = 1 # replace empty bins with 1
weights = 1 / weights # number of targets per class
weights /= weights.sum() # normalize
return torch.from_numpy(weights)
def labels_to_image_weights(labels, nc=80, class_weights=np.ones(80)):
# Produces image weights based on class_weights and image contents
class_counts = np.array([np.bincount(x[:, 0].astype(np.int), minlength=nc) for x in labels])
image_weights = (class_weights.reshape(1, nc) * class_counts).sum(1)
# index = random.choices(range(n), weights=image_weights, k=1) # weight image sample
return image_weights
def coco80_to_coco91_class(): # converts 80-index (val2014) to 91-index (paper)
# https://tech.amikelive.com/node-718/what-object-categories-labels-are-in-coco-dataset/
# a = np.loadtxt('data/coco.names', dtype='str', delimiter='\n')
# b = np.loadtxt('data/coco_paper.names', dtype='str', delimiter='\n')
# x1 = [list(a[i] == b).index(True) + 1 for i in range(80)] # darknet to coco
# x2 = [list(b[i] == a).index(True) if any(b[i] == a) else None for i in range(91)] # coco to darknet
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34,
35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63,
64, 65, 67, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90]
return x
def xyxy2xywh(x):
# Convert nx4 boxes from [x1, y1, x2, y2] to [x, y, w, h] where xy1=top-left, xy2=bottom-right
y = x.clone() if isinstance(x, torch.Tensor) else np.copy(x)
y[:, 0] = (x[:, 0] + x[:, 2]) / 2 # x center
y[:, 1] = (x[:, 1] + x[:, 3]) / 2 # y center
y[:, 2] = x[:, 2] - x[:, 0] # width
y[:, 3] = x[:, 3] - x[:, 1] # height
return y
def xywh2xyxy(x):
# Convert nx4 boxes from [x, y, w, h] to [x1, y1, x2, y2] where xy1=top-left, xy2=bottom-right
y = x.clone() if isinstance(x, torch.Tensor) else np.copy(x)
y[:, 0] = x[:, 0] - x[:, 2] / 2 # top left x
y[:, 1] = x[:, 1] - x[:, 3] / 2 # top left y
y[:, 2] = x[:, 0] + x[:, 2] / 2 # bottom right x
y[:, 3] = x[:, 1] + x[:, 3] / 2 # bottom right y
return y
def scale_coords(img1_shape, coords, img0_shape, ratio_pad=None):
# Rescale coords (xyxy) from img1_shape to img0_shape
if ratio_pad is None: # calculate from img0_shape
gain = min(img1_shape[0] / img0_shape[0], img1_shape[1] / img0_shape[1]) # gain = old / new
pad = (img1_shape[1] - img0_shape[1] * gain) / 2, (img1_shape[0] - img0_shape[0] * gain) / 2 # wh padding
else:
gain = ratio_pad[0][0]
pad = ratio_pad[1]
coords[:, [0, 2]] -= pad[0] # x padding
coords[:, [1, 3]] -= pad[1] # y padding
coords[:, :4] /= gain
clip_coords(coords, img0_shape)
return coords
def clip_coords(boxes, img_shape):
# Clip bounding xyxy bounding boxes to image shape (height, width)
boxes[:, 0].clamp_(0, img_shape[1]) # x1
boxes[:, 1].clamp_(0, img_shape[0]) # y1
boxes[:, 2].clamp_(0, img_shape[1]) # x2
boxes[:, 3].clamp_(0, img_shape[0]) # y2
def bbox_iou(box1, box2, x1y1x2y2=True, GIoU=False, DIoU=False, CIoU=False, eps=1e-9):
# Returns the IoU of box1 to box2. box1 is 4, box2 is nx4
box2 = box2.T
# Get the coordinates of bounding boxes
if x1y1x2y2: # x1, y1, x2, y2 = box1
b1_x1, b1_y1, b1_x2, b1_y2 = box1[0], box1[1], box1[2], box1[3]
b2_x1, b2_y1, b2_x2, b2_y2 = box2[0], box2[1], box2[2], box2[3]
else: # transform from xywh to xyxy
b1_x1, b1_x2 = box1[0] - box1[2] / 2, box1[0] + box1[2] / 2
b1_y1, b1_y2 = box1[1] - box1[3] / 2, box1[1] + box1[3] / 2
b2_x1, b2_x2 = box2[0] - box2[2] / 2, box2[0] + box2[2] / 2
b2_y1, b2_y2 = box2[1] - box2[3] / 2, box2[1] + box2[3] / 2
# Intersection area
inter = (torch.min(b1_x2, b2_x2) - torch.max(b1_x1, b2_x1)).clamp(0) * \
(torch.min(b1_y2, b2_y2) - torch.max(b1_y1, b2_y1)).clamp(0)
# Union Area
w1, h1 = b1_x2 - b1_x1, b1_y2 - b1_y1 + eps
w2, h2 = b2_x2 - b2_x1, b2_y2 - b2_y1 + eps
union = w1 * h1 + w2 * h2 - inter + eps
iou = inter / union
if GIoU or DIoU or CIoU:
cw = torch.max(b1_x2, b2_x2) - torch.min(b1_x1, b2_x1) # convex (smallest enclosing box) width
ch = torch.max(b1_y2, b2_y2) - torch.min(b1_y1, b2_y1) # convex height
if CIoU or DIoU: # Distance or Complete IoU https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.08287v1
c2 = cw ** 2 + ch ** 2 + eps # convex diagonal squared
rho2 = ((b2_x1 + b2_x2 - b1_x1 - b1_x2) ** 2 +
(b2_y1 + b2_y2 - b1_y1 - b1_y2) ** 2) / 4 # center distance squared
if DIoU:
return iou - rho2 / c2 # DIoU
elif CIoU: # https://github.com/Zzh-tju/DIoU-SSD-pytorch/blob/master/utils/box/box_utils.py#L47
v = (4 / math.pi ** 2) * torch.pow(torch.atan(w2 / h2) - torch.atan(w1 / h1), 2)
with torch.no_grad():
alpha = v / ((1 + eps) - iou + v)
return iou - (rho2 / c2 + v * alpha) # CIoU
else: # GIoU https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.09630.pdf
c_area = cw * ch + eps # convex area
return iou - (c_area - union) / c_area # GIoU
else:
return iou # IoU
def box_iou(box1, box2):
# https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/master/torchvision/ops/boxes.py
"""
Return intersection-over-union (Jaccard index) of boxes.
Both sets of boxes are expected to be in (x1, y1, x2, y2) format.
Arguments:
box1 (Tensor[N, 4])
box2 (Tensor[M, 4])
Returns:
iou (Tensor[N, M]): the NxM matrix containing the pairwise
IoU values for every element in boxes1 and boxes2
"""
def box_area(box):
# box = 4xn
return (box[2] - box[0]) * (box[3] - box[1])
area1 = box_area(box1.T)
area2 = box_area(box2.T)
# inter(N,M) = (rb(N,M,2) - lt(N,M,2)).clamp(0).prod(2)
inter = (torch.min(box1[:, None, 2:], box2[:, 2:]) - torch.max(box1[:, None, :2], box2[:, :2])).clamp(0).prod(2)
return inter / (area1[:, None] + area2 - inter) # iou = inter / (area1 + area2 - inter)
def wh_iou(wh1, wh2):
# Returns the nxm IoU matrix. wh1 is nx2, wh2 is mx2
wh1 = wh1[:, None] # [N,1,2]
wh2 = wh2[None] # [1,M,2]
inter = torch.min(wh1, wh2).prod(2) # [N,M]
return inter / (wh1.prod(2) + wh2.prod(2) - inter) # iou = inter / (area1 + area2 - inter)
def non_max_suppression(prediction, conf_thres=0.25, iou_thres=0.45, classes=None, agnostic=False, labels=()):
"""Performs Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) on inference results
Returns:
detections with shape: nx6 (x1, y1, x2, y2, conf, cls)
"""
nc = prediction.shape[2] - 5 # number of classes
xc = prediction[..., 4] > conf_thres # candidates
# Settings
min_wh, max_wh = 2, 4096 # (pixels) minimum and maximum box width and height
max_det = 300 # maximum number of detections per image
time_limit = 10.0 # seconds to quit after
redundant = True # require redundant detections
multi_label = nc > 1 # multiple labels per box (adds 0.5ms/img)
merge = False # use merge-NMS
t = time.time()
output = [torch.zeros((0, 6), device=prediction.device)] * prediction.shape[0]
for xi, x in enumerate(prediction): # image index, image inference
# Apply constraints
# x[((x[..., 2:4] < min_wh) | (x[..., 2:4] > max_wh)).any(1), 4] = 0 # width-height
x = x[xc[xi]] # confidence
# Cat apriori labels if autolabelling
if labels and len(labels[xi]):
l = labels[xi]
v = torch.zeros((len(l), nc + 5), device=x.device)
v[:, :4] = l[:, 1:5] # box
v[:, 4] = 1.0 # conf
v[range(len(l)), l[:, 0].long() + 5] = 1.0 # cls
x = torch.cat((x, v), 0)
# If none remain process next image
if not x.shape[0]:
continue
# Compute conf
x[:, 5:] *= x[:, 4:5] # conf = obj_conf * cls_conf
# Box (center x, center y, width, height) to (x1, y1, x2, y2)
box = xywh2xyxy(x[:, :4])
# Detections matrix nx6 (xyxy, conf, cls)
if multi_label:
i, j = (x[:, 5:] > conf_thres).nonzero(as_tuple=False).T
x = torch.cat((box[i], x[i, j + 5, None], j[:, None].float()), 1)
else: # best class only
conf, j = x[:, 5:].max(1, keepdim=True)
x = torch.cat((box, conf, j.float()), 1)[conf.view(-1) > conf_thres]
# Filter by class
if classes is not None:
x = x[(x[:, 5:6] == torch.tensor(classes, device=x.device)).any(1)]
# Apply finite constraint
# if not torch.isfinite(x).all():
# x = x[torch.isfinite(x).all(1)]
# If none remain process next image
n = x.shape[0] # number of boxes
if not n:
continue
# Sort by confidence
# x = x[x[:, 4].argsort(descending=True)]
# Batched NMS
c = x[:, 5:6] * (0 if agnostic else max_wh) # classes
boxes, scores = x[:, :4] + c, x[:, 4] # boxes (offset by class), scores
i = torchvision.ops.nms(boxes, scores, iou_thres) # NMS
if i.shape[0] > max_det: # limit detections
i = i[:max_det]
if merge and (1 < n < 3E3): # Merge NMS (boxes merged using weighted mean)
# update boxes as boxes(i,4) = weights(i,n) * boxes(n,4)
iou = box_iou(boxes[i], boxes) > iou_thres # iou matrix
weights = iou * scores[None] # box weights
x[i, :4] = torch.mm(weights, x[:, :4]).float() / weights.sum(1, keepdim=True) # merged boxes
if redundant:
i = i[iou.sum(1) > 1] # require redundancy
output[xi] = x[i]
if (time.time() - t) > time_limit:
break # time limit exceeded
return output
def strip_optimizer(f='weights/best.pt', s=''): # from utils.general import *; strip_optimizer()
# Strip optimizer from 'f' to finalize training, optionally save as 's'
x = torch.load(f, map_location=torch.device('cpu'))
x['optimizer'] = None
x['training_results'] = None
x['epoch'] = -1
x['model'].half() # to FP16
for p in x['model'].parameters():
p.requires_grad = False
torch.save(x, s or f)
mb = os.path.getsize(s or f) / 1E6 # filesize
print('Optimizer stripped from %s,%s %.1fMB' % (f, (' saved as %s,' % s) if s else '', mb))
def print_mutation(hyp, results, yaml_file='hyp_evolved.yaml', bucket=''):
# Print mutation results to evolve.txt (for use with train.py --evolve)
a = '%10s' * len(hyp) % tuple(hyp.keys()) # hyperparam keys
b = '%10.3g' * len(hyp) % tuple(hyp.values()) # hyperparam values
c = '%10.4g' * len(results) % results # results (P, R, mAP@0.5, mAP@0.5:0.95, val_losses x 3)
print('\n%s\n%s\nEvolved fitness: %s\n' % (a, b, c))
if bucket:
url = 'gs://%s/evolve.txt' % bucket
if gsutil_getsize(url) > (os.path.getsize('evolve.txt') if os.path.exists('evolve.txt') else 0):
os.system('gsutil cp %s .' % url) # download evolve.txt if larger than local
with open('evolve.txt', 'a') as f: # append result
f.write(c + b + '\n')
x = np.unique(np.loadtxt('evolve.txt', ndmin=2), axis=0) # load unique rows
x = x[np.argsort(-fitness(x))] # sort
np.savetxt('evolve.txt', x, '%10.3g') # save sort by fitness
# Save yaml
for i, k in enumerate(hyp.keys()):
hyp[k] = float(x[0, i + 7])
with open(yaml_file, 'w') as f:
results = tuple(x[0, :7])
c = '%10.4g' * len(results) % results # results (P, R, mAP@0.5, mAP@0.5:0.95, val_losses x 3)
f.write('# Hyperparameter Evolution Results\n# Generations: %g\n# Metrics: ' % len(x) + c + '\n\n')
yaml.dump(hyp, f, sort_keys=False)
if bucket:
os.system('gsutil cp evolve.txt %s gs://%s' % (yaml_file, bucket)) # upload
def apply_classifier(x, model, img, im0):
# applies a second stage classifier to yolo outputs
im0 = [im0] if isinstance(im0, np.ndarray) else im0
for i, d in enumerate(x): # per image
if d is not None and len(d):
d = d.clone()
# Reshape and pad cutouts
b = xyxy2xywh(d[:, :4]) # boxes
b[:, 2:] = b[:, 2:].max(1)[0].unsqueeze(1) # rectangle to square
b[:, 2:] = b[:, 2:] * 1.3 + 30 # pad
d[:, :4] = xywh2xyxy(b).long()
# Rescale boxes from img_size to im0 size
scale_coords(img.shape[2:], d[:, :4], im0[i].shape)
# Classes
pred_cls1 = d[:, 5].long()
ims = []
for j, a in enumerate(d): # per item
cutout = im0[i][int(a[1]):int(a[3]), int(a[0]):int(a[2])]
im = cv2.resize(cutout, (224, 224)) # BGR
# cv2.imwrite('test%i.jpg' % j, cutout)
im = im[:, :, ::-1].transpose(2, 0, 1) # BGR to RGB, to 3x416x416
im = np.ascontiguousarray(im, dtype=np.float32) # uint8 to float32
im /= 255.0 # 0 - 255 to 0.0 - 1.0
ims.append(im)
pred_cls2 = model(torch.Tensor(ims).to(d.device)).argmax(1) # classifier prediction
x[i] = x[i][pred_cls1 == pred_cls2] # retain matching class detections
return x
def increment_path(path, exist_ok=True, sep=''):
# Increment path, i.e. runs/exp --> runs/exp{sep}0, runs/exp{sep}1 etc.
path = Path(path) # os-agnostic
if (path.exists() and exist_ok) or (not path.exists()):
return str(path)
else:
dirs = glob.glob(f"{path}{sep}*") # similar paths
matches = [re.search(rf"%s{sep}(\d+)" % path.stem, d) for d in dirs]
i = [int(m.groups()[0]) for m in matches if m] # indices
n = max(i) + 1 if i else 2 # increment number
return f"{path}{sep}{n}" # update path

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FROM gcr.io/google-appengine/python
# Create a virtualenv for dependencies. This isolates these packages from
# system-level packages.
# Use -p python3 or -p python3.7 to select python version. Default is version 2.
RUN virtualenv /env -p python3
# Setting these environment variables are the same as running
# source /env/bin/activate.
ENV VIRTUAL_ENV /env
ENV PATH /env/bin:$PATH
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y python-opencv
# Copy the application's requirements.txt and run pip to install all
# dependencies into the virtualenv.
ADD requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt
RUN pip install -r /app/requirements.txt
# Add the application source code.
ADD . /app
# Run a WSGI server to serve the application. gunicorn must be declared as
# a dependency in requirements.txt.
CMD gunicorn -b :$PORT main:app

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yolov5/utils/google_app_engine/additional_requirements.txt Normal file
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# add these requirements in your app on top of the existing ones
pip==18.1
Flask==1.0.2
gunicorn==19.9.0

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yolov5/utils/google_app_engine/app.yaml Normal file
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runtime: custom
env: flex
service: yolov5app
liveness_check:
initial_delay_sec: 600
manual_scaling:
instances: 1
resources:
cpu: 1
memory_gb: 4
disk_size_gb: 20

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# Google utils: https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/reference/libraries
import os
import platform
import subprocess
import time
from pathlib import Path
import torch
def gsutil_getsize(url=''):
# gs://bucket/file size https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/gsutil/commands/du
s = subprocess.check_output('gsutil du %s' % url, shell=True).decode('utf-8')
return eval(s.split(' ')[0]) if len(s) else 0 # bytes
def attempt_download(weights):
# Attempt to download pretrained weights if not found locally
weights = str(weights).strip().replace("'", '')
file = Path(weights).name.lower()
msg = weights + ' missing, try downloading from https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/releases/'
models = ['yolov5s.pt', 'yolov5m.pt', 'yolov5l.pt', 'yolov5x.pt'] # available models
redundant = False # offer second download option
if file in models and not os.path.isfile(weights):
# Google Drive
# d = {'yolov5s.pt': '1R5T6rIyy3lLwgFXNms8whc-387H0tMQO',
# 'yolov5m.pt': '1vobuEExpWQVpXExsJ2w-Mbf3HJjWkQJr',
# 'yolov5l.pt': '1hrlqD1Wdei7UT4OgT785BEk1JwnSvNEV',
# 'yolov5x.pt': '1mM8aZJlWTxOg7BZJvNUMrTnA2AbeCVzS'}
# r = gdrive_download(id=d[file], name=weights) if file in d else 1
# if r == 0 and os.path.exists(weights) and os.path.getsize(weights) > 1E6: # check
# return
try: # GitHub
url = 'https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/releases/download/v3.1/' + file
print('Downloading %s to %s...' % (url, weights))
torch.hub.download_url_to_file(url, weights)
assert os.path.exists(weights) and os.path.getsize(weights) > 1E6 # check
except Exception as e: # GCP
print('Download error: %s' % e)
assert redundant, 'No secondary mirror'
url = 'https://storage.googleapis.com/ultralytics/yolov5/ckpt/' + file
print('Downloading %s to %s...' % (url, weights))
r = os.system('curl -L %s -o %s' % (url, weights)) # torch.hub.download_url_to_file(url, weights)
finally:
if not (os.path.exists(weights) and os.path.getsize(weights) > 1E6): # check
os.remove(weights) if os.path.exists(weights) else None # remove partial downloads
print('ERROR: Download failure: %s' % msg)
print('')
return
def gdrive_download(id='1uH2BylpFxHKEGXKL6wJJlsgMU2YEjxuc', name='tmp.zip'):
# Downloads a file from Google Drive. from utils.google_utils import *; gdrive_download()
t = time.time()
print('Downloading https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=%s as %s... ' % (id, name), end='')
os.remove(name) if os.path.exists(name) else None # remove existing
os.remove('cookie') if os.path.exists('cookie') else None
# Attempt file download
out = "NUL" if platform.system() == "Windows" else "/dev/null"
os.system('curl -c ./cookie -s -L "drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=%s" > %s ' % (id, out))
if os.path.exists('cookie'): # large file
s = 'curl -Lb ./cookie "drive.google.com/uc?export=download&confirm=%s&id=%s" -o %s' % (get_token(), id, name)
else: # small file
s = 'curl -s -L -o %s "drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=%s"' % (name, id)
r = os.system(s) # execute, capture return
os.remove('cookie') if os.path.exists('cookie') else None
# Error check
if r != 0:
os.remove(name) if os.path.exists(name) else None # remove partial
print('Download error ') # raise Exception('Download error')
return r
# Unzip if archive
if name.endswith('.zip'):
print('unzipping... ', end='')
os.system('unzip -q %s' % name) # unzip
os.remove(name) # remove zip to free space
print('Done (%.1fs)' % (time.time() - t))
return r
def get_token(cookie="./cookie"):
with open(cookie) as f:
for line in f:
if "download" in line:
return line.split()[-1]
return ""
# def upload_blob(bucket_name, source_file_name, destination_blob_name):
# # Uploads a file to a bucket
# # https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/uploading-objects#storage-upload-object-python
#
# storage_client = storage.Client()
# bucket = storage_client.get_bucket(bucket_name)
# blob = bucket.blob(destination_blob_name)
#
# blob.upload_from_filename(source_file_name)
#
# print('File {} uploaded to {}.'.format(
# source_file_name,
# destination_blob_name))
#
#
# def download_blob(bucket_name, source_blob_name, destination_file_name):
# # Uploads a blob from a bucket
# storage_client = storage.Client()
# bucket = storage_client.get_bucket(bucket_name)
# blob = bucket.blob(source_blob_name)
#
# blob.download_to_filename(destination_file_name)
#
# print('Blob {} downloaded to {}.'.format(
# source_blob_name,
# destination_file_name))

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# Loss functions
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from utils.general import bbox_iou
from utils.torch_utils import is_parallel
def smooth_BCE(eps=0.1): # https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov3/issues/238#issuecomment-598028441
# return positive, negative label smoothing BCE targets
return 1.0 - 0.5 * eps, 0.5 * eps
class BCEBlurWithLogitsLoss(nn.Module):
# BCEwithLogitLoss() with reduced missing label effects.
def __init__(self, alpha=0.05):
super(BCEBlurWithLogitsLoss, self).__init__()
self.loss_fcn = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(reduction='none') # must be nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss()
self.alpha = alpha
def forward(self, pred, true):
loss = self.loss_fcn(pred, true)
pred = torch.sigmoid(pred) # prob from logits
dx = pred - true # reduce only missing label effects
# dx = (pred - true).abs() # reduce missing label and false label effects
alpha_factor = 1 - torch.exp((dx - 1) / (self.alpha + 1e-4))
loss *= alpha_factor
return loss.mean()
class FocalLoss(nn.Module):
# Wraps focal loss around existing loss_fcn(), i.e. criteria = FocalLoss(nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(), gamma=1.5)
def __init__(self, loss_fcn, gamma=1.5, alpha=0.25):
super(FocalLoss, self).__init__()
self.loss_fcn = loss_fcn # must be nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss()
self.gamma = gamma
self.alpha = alpha
self.reduction = loss_fcn.reduction
self.loss_fcn.reduction = 'none' # required to apply FL to each element
def forward(self, pred, true):
loss = self.loss_fcn(pred, true)
# p_t = torch.exp(-loss)
# loss *= self.alpha * (1.000001 - p_t) ** self.gamma # non-zero power for gradient stability
# TF implementation https://github.com/tensorflow/addons/blob/v0.7.1/tensorflow_addons/losses/focal_loss.py
pred_prob = torch.sigmoid(pred) # prob from logits
p_t = true * pred_prob + (1 - true) * (1 - pred_prob)
alpha_factor = true * self.alpha + (1 - true) * (1 - self.alpha)
modulating_factor = (1.0 - p_t) ** self.gamma
loss *= alpha_factor * modulating_factor
if self.reduction == 'mean':
return loss.mean()
elif self.reduction == 'sum':
return loss.sum()
else: # 'none'
return loss
class QFocalLoss(nn.Module):
# Wraps Quality focal loss around existing loss_fcn(), i.e. criteria = FocalLoss(nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(), gamma=1.5)
def __init__(self, loss_fcn, gamma=1.5, alpha=0.25):
super(QFocalLoss, self).__init__()
self.loss_fcn = loss_fcn # must be nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss()
self.gamma = gamma
self.alpha = alpha
self.reduction = loss_fcn.reduction
self.loss_fcn.reduction = 'none' # required to apply FL to each element
def forward(self, pred, true):
loss = self.loss_fcn(pred, true)
pred_prob = torch.sigmoid(pred) # prob from logits
alpha_factor = true * self.alpha + (1 - true) * (1 - self.alpha)
modulating_factor = torch.abs(true - pred_prob) ** self.gamma
loss *= alpha_factor * modulating_factor
if self.reduction == 'mean':
return loss.mean()
elif self.reduction == 'sum':
return loss.sum()
else: # 'none'
return loss
def compute_loss(p, targets, model): # predictions, targets, model
device = targets.device
lcls, lbox, lobj = torch.zeros(1, device=device), torch.zeros(1, device=device), torch.zeros(1, device=device)
tcls, tbox, indices, anchors = build_targets(p, targets, model) # targets
h = model.hyp # hyperparameters
# Define criteria
BCEcls = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(pos_weight=torch.tensor([h['cls_pw']], device=device)) # weight=model.class_weights)
BCEobj = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(pos_weight=torch.tensor([h['obj_pw']], device=device))
# Class label smoothing https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.04103.pdf eqn 3
cp, cn = smooth_BCE(eps=0.0)
# Focal loss
g = h['fl_gamma'] # focal loss gamma
if g > 0:
BCEcls, BCEobj = FocalLoss(BCEcls, g), FocalLoss(BCEobj, g)
# Losses
nt = 0 # number of targets
no = len(p) # number of outputs
balance = [4.0, 1.0, 0.4] if no == 3 else [4.0, 1.0, 0.4, 0.1] # P3-5 or P3-6
for i, pi in enumerate(p): # layer index, layer predictions
b, a, gj, gi = indices[i] # image, anchor, gridy, gridx
tobj = torch.zeros_like(pi[..., 0], device=device) # target obj
n = b.shape[0] # number of targets
if n:
nt += n # cumulative targets
ps = pi[b, a, gj, gi] # prediction subset corresponding to targets
# Regression
pxy = ps[:, :2].sigmoid() * 2. - 0.5
pwh = (ps[:, 2:4].sigmoid() * 2) ** 2 * anchors[i]
pbox = torch.cat((pxy, pwh), 1) # predicted box
iou = bbox_iou(pbox.T, tbox[i], x1y1x2y2=False, CIoU=True) # iou(prediction, target)
lbox += (1.0 - iou).mean() # iou loss
# Objectness
tobj[b, a, gj, gi] = (1.0 - model.gr) + model.gr * iou.detach().clamp(0).type(tobj.dtype) # iou ratio
# Classification
if model.nc > 1: # cls loss (only if multiple classes)
t = torch.full_like(ps[:, 5:], cn, device=device) # targets
t[range(n), tcls[i]] = cp
lcls += BCEcls(ps[:, 5:], t) # BCE
# Append targets to text file
# with open('targets.txt', 'a') as file:
# [file.write('%11.5g ' * 4 % tuple(x) + '\n') for x in torch.cat((txy[i], twh[i]), 1)]
lobj += BCEobj(pi[..., 4], tobj) * balance[i] # obj loss
s = 3 / no # output count scaling
lbox *= h['box'] * s
lobj *= h['obj'] * s * (1.4 if no == 4 else 1.)
lcls *= h['cls'] * s
bs = tobj.shape[0] # batch size
loss = lbox + lobj + lcls
return loss * bs, torch.cat((lbox, lobj, lcls, loss)).detach()
def build_targets(p, targets, model):
# Build targets for compute_loss(), input targets(image,class,x,y,w,h)
det = model.module.model[-1] if is_parallel(model) else model.model[-1] # Detect() module
na, nt = det.na, targets.shape[0] # number of anchors, targets
tcls, tbox, indices, anch = [], [], [], []
gain = torch.ones(7, device=targets.device) # normalized to gridspace gain
ai = torch.arange(na, device=targets.device).float().view(na, 1).repeat(1, nt) # same as .repeat_interleave(nt)
targets = torch.cat((targets.repeat(na, 1, 1), ai[:, :, None]), 2) # append anchor indices
g = 0.5 # bias
off = torch.tensor([[0, 0],
[1, 0], [0, 1], [-1, 0], [0, -1], # j,k,l,m
# [1, 1], [1, -1], [-1, 1], [-1, -1], # jk,jm,lk,lm
], device=targets.device).float() * g # offsets
for i in range(det.nl):
anchors = det.anchors[i]
gain[2:6] = torch.tensor(p[i].shape)[[3, 2, 3, 2]] # xyxy gain
# Match targets to anchors
t = targets * gain
if nt:
# Matches
r = t[:, :, 4:6] / anchors[:, None] # wh ratio
j = torch.max(r, 1. / r).max(2)[0] < model.hyp['anchor_t'] # compare
# j = wh_iou(anchors, t[:, 4:6]) > model.hyp['iou_t'] # iou(3,n)=wh_iou(anchors(3,2), gwh(n,2))
t = t[j] # filter
# Offsets
gxy = t[:, 2:4] # grid xy
gxi = gain[[2, 3]] - gxy # inverse
j, k = ((gxy % 1. < g) & (gxy > 1.)).T
l, m = ((gxi % 1. < g) & (gxi > 1.)).T
j = torch.stack((torch.ones_like(j), j, k, l, m))
t = t.repeat((5, 1, 1))[j]
offsets = (torch.zeros_like(gxy)[None] + off[:, None])[j]
else:
t = targets[0]
offsets = 0
# Define
b, c = t[:, :2].long().T # image, class
gxy = t[:, 2:4] # grid xy
gwh = t[:, 4:6] # grid wh
gij = (gxy - offsets).long()
gi, gj = gij.T # grid xy indices
# Append
a = t[:, 6].long() # anchor indices
indices.append((b, a, gj.clamp_(0, gain[3] - 1), gi.clamp_(0, gain[2] - 1))) # image, anchor, grid indices
tbox.append(torch.cat((gxy - gij, gwh), 1)) # box
anch.append(anchors[a]) # anchors
tcls.append(c) # class
return tcls, tbox, indices, anch

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# Model validation metrics
from pathlib import Path
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import torch
from . import general
def fitness(x):
# Model fitness as a weighted combination of metrics
w = [0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 0.9] # weights for [P, R, mAP@0.5, mAP@0.5:0.95]
return (x[:, :4] * w).sum(1)
def ap_per_class(tp, conf, pred_cls, target_cls, plot=False, save_dir='precision-recall_curve.png', names=[]):
""" Compute the average precision, given the recall and precision curves.
Source: https://github.com/rafaelpadilla/Object-Detection-Metrics.
# Arguments
tp: True positives (nparray, nx1 or nx10).
conf: Objectness value from 0-1 (nparray).
pred_cls: Predicted object classes (nparray).
target_cls: True object classes (nparray).
plot: Plot precision-recall curve at mAP@0.5
save_dir: Plot save directory
# Returns
The average precision as computed in py-faster-rcnn.
"""
# Sort by objectness
i = np.argsort(-conf)
tp, conf, pred_cls = tp[i], conf[i], pred_cls[i]
# Find unique classes
unique_classes = np.unique(target_cls)
# Create Precision-Recall curve and compute AP for each class
px, py = np.linspace(0, 1, 1000), [] # for plotting
pr_score = 0.1 # score to evaluate P and R https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov3/issues/898
s = [unique_classes.shape[0], tp.shape[1]] # number class, number iou thresholds (i.e. 10 for mAP0.5...0.95)
ap, p, r = np.zeros(s), np.zeros(s), np.zeros(s)
for ci, c in enumerate(unique_classes):
i = pred_cls == c
n_l = (target_cls == c).sum() # number of labels
n_p = i.sum() # number of predictions
if n_p == 0 or n_l == 0:
continue
else:
# Accumulate FPs and TPs
fpc = (1 - tp[i]).cumsum(0)
tpc = tp[i].cumsum(0)
# Recall
recall = tpc / (n_l + 1e-16) # recall curve
r[ci] = np.interp(-pr_score, -conf[i], recall[:, 0]) # r at pr_score, negative x, xp because xp decreases
# Precision
precision = tpc / (tpc + fpc) # precision curve
p[ci] = np.interp(-pr_score, -conf[i], precision[:, 0]) # p at pr_score
# AP from recall-precision curve
for j in range(tp.shape[1]):
ap[ci, j], mpre, mrec = compute_ap(recall[:, j], precision[:, j])
if plot and (j == 0):
py.append(np.interp(px, mrec, mpre)) # precision at mAP@0.5
# Compute F1 score (harmonic mean of precision and recall)
f1 = 2 * p * r / (p + r + 1e-16)
if plot:
plot_pr_curve(px, py, ap, save_dir, names)
return p, r, ap, f1, unique_classes.astype('int32')
def compute_ap(recall, precision):
""" Compute the average precision, given the recall and precision curves
# Arguments
recall: The recall curve (list)
precision: The precision curve (list)
# Returns
Average precision, precision curve, recall curve
"""
# Append sentinel values to beginning and end
mrec = np.concatenate(([0.], recall, [recall[-1] + 0.01]))
mpre = np.concatenate(([1.], precision, [0.]))
# Compute the precision envelope
mpre = np.flip(np.maximum.accumulate(np.flip(mpre)))
# Integrate area under curve
method = 'interp' # methods: 'continuous', 'interp'
if method == 'interp':
x = np.linspace(0, 1, 101) # 101-point interp (COCO)
ap = np.trapz(np.interp(x, mrec, mpre), x) # integrate
else: # 'continuous'
i = np.where(mrec[1:] != mrec[:-1])[0] # points where x axis (recall) changes
ap = np.sum((mrec[i + 1] - mrec[i]) * mpre[i + 1]) # area under curve
return ap, mpre, mrec
class ConfusionMatrix:
# Updated version of https://github.com/kaanakan/object_detection_confusion_matrix
def __init__(self, nc, conf=0.25, iou_thres=0.45):
self.matrix = np.zeros((nc + 1, nc + 1))
self.nc = nc # number of classes
self.conf = conf
self.iou_thres = iou_thres
def process_batch(self, detections, labels):
"""
Return intersection-over-union (Jaccard index) of boxes.
Both sets of boxes are expected to be in (x1, y1, x2, y2) format.
Arguments:
detections (Array[N, 6]), x1, y1, x2, y2, conf, class
labels (Array[M, 5]), class, x1, y1, x2, y2
Returns:
None, updates confusion matrix accordingly
"""
detections = detections[detections[:, 4] > self.conf]
gt_classes = labels[:, 0].int()
detection_classes = detections[:, 5].int()
iou = general.box_iou(labels[:, 1:], detections[:, :4])
x = torch.where(iou > self.iou_thres)
if x[0].shape[0]:
matches = torch.cat((torch.stack(x, 1), iou[x[0], x[1]][:, None]), 1).cpu().numpy()
if x[0].shape[0] > 1:
matches = matches[matches[:, 2].argsort()[::-1]]
matches = matches[np.unique(matches[:, 1], return_index=True)[1]]
matches = matches[matches[:, 2].argsort()[::-1]]
matches = matches[np.unique(matches[:, 0], return_index=True)[1]]
else:
matches = np.zeros((0, 3))
n = matches.shape[0] > 0
m0, m1, _ = matches.transpose().astype(np.int16)
for i, gc in enumerate(gt_classes):
j = m0 == i
if n and sum(j) == 1:
self.matrix[gc, detection_classes[m1[j]]] += 1 # correct
else:
self.matrix[gc, self.nc] += 1 # background FP
if n:
for i, dc in enumerate(detection_classes):
if not any(m1 == i):
self.matrix[self.nc, dc] += 1 # background FN
def matrix(self):
return self.matrix
def plot(self, save_dir='', names=()):
try:
import seaborn as sn
array = self.matrix / (self.matrix.sum(0).reshape(1, self.nc + 1) + 1E-6) # normalize
array[array < 0.005] = np.nan # don't annotate (would appear as 0.00)
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 9), tight_layout=True)
sn.set(font_scale=1.0 if self.nc < 50 else 0.8) # for label size
labels = (0 < len(names) < 99) and len(names) == self.nc # apply names to ticklabels
sn.heatmap(array, annot=self.nc < 30, annot_kws={"size": 8}, cmap='Blues', fmt='.2f', square=True,
xticklabels=names + ['background FN'] if labels else "auto",
yticklabels=names + ['background FP'] if labels else "auto").set_facecolor((1, 1, 1))
fig.axes[0].set_xlabel('True')
fig.axes[0].set_ylabel('Predicted')
fig.savefig(Path(save_dir) / 'confusion_matrix.png', dpi=250)
except Exception as e:
pass
def print(self):
for i in range(self.nc + 1):
print(' '.join(map(str, self.matrix[i])))
# Plots ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def plot_pr_curve(px, py, ap, save_dir='.', names=()):
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(9, 6), tight_layout=True)
py = np.stack(py, axis=1)
if 0 < len(names) < 21: # show mAP in legend if < 10 classes
for i, y in enumerate(py.T):
ax.plot(px, y, linewidth=1, label=f'{names[i]} %.3f' % ap[i, 0]) # plot(recall, precision)
else:
ax.plot(px, py, linewidth=1, color='grey') # plot(recall, precision)
ax.plot(px, py.mean(1), linewidth=3, color='blue', label='all classes %.3f mAP@0.5' % ap[:, 0].mean())
ax.set_xlabel('Recall')
ax.set_ylabel('Precision')
ax.set_xlim(0, 1)
ax.set_ylim(0, 1)
plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.04, 1), loc="upper left")
fig.savefig(Path(save_dir) / 'precision_recall_curve.png', dpi=250)

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# Plotting utils
import glob
import math
import os
import random
from copy import copy
from pathlib import Path
import cv2
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
import torch
import yaml
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
from scipy.signal import butter, filtfilt
from utils.general import xywh2xyxy, xyxy2xywh
from utils.metrics import fitness
# Settings
matplotlib.rc('font', **{'size': 11})
matplotlib.use('Agg') # for writing to files only
def color_list():
# Return first 10 plt colors as (r,g,b) https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51350872/python-from-color-name-to-rgb
def hex2rgb(h):
return tuple(int(h[1 + i:1 + i + 2], 16) for i in (0, 2, 4))
return [hex2rgb(h) for h in plt.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'].by_key()['color']]
def hist2d(x, y, n=100):
# 2d histogram used in labels.png and evolve.png
xedges, yedges = np.linspace(x.min(), x.max(), n), np.linspace(y.min(), y.max(), n)
hist, xedges, yedges = np.histogram2d(x, y, (xedges, yedges))
xidx = np.clip(np.digitize(x, xedges) - 1, 0, hist.shape[0] - 1)
yidx = np.clip(np.digitize(y, yedges) - 1, 0, hist.shape[1] - 1)
return np.log(hist[xidx, yidx])
def butter_lowpass_filtfilt(data, cutoff=1500, fs=50000, order=5):
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28536191/how-to-filter-smooth-with-scipy-numpy
def butter_lowpass(cutoff, fs, order):
nyq = 0.5 * fs
normal_cutoff = cutoff / nyq
return butter(order, normal_cutoff, btype='low', analog=False)
b, a = butter_lowpass(cutoff, fs, order=order)
return filtfilt(b, a, data) # forward-backward filter
def plot_one_box(x, img, color=None, label=None, line_thickness=None):
# Plots one bounding box on image img
tl = line_thickness or round(0.002 * (img.shape[0] + img.shape[1]) / 2) + 1 # line/font thickness
color = color or [random.randint(0, 255) for _ in range(3)]
c1, c2 = (int(x[0]), int(x[1])), (int(x[2]), int(x[3]))
cv2.rectangle(img, c1, c2, color, thickness=tl, lineType=cv2.LINE_AA)
if label:
tf = max(tl - 1, 1) # font thickness
t_size = cv2.getTextSize(label, 0, fontScale=tl / 3, thickness=tf)[0]
c2 = c1[0] + t_size[0], c1[1] - t_size[1] - 3
cv2.rectangle(img, c1, c2, color, -1, cv2.LINE_AA) # filled
cv2.putText(img, label, (c1[0], c1[1] - 2), 0, tl / 3, [225, 255, 255], thickness=tf, lineType=cv2.LINE_AA)
def plot_wh_methods(): # from utils.plots import *; plot_wh_methods()
# Compares the two methods for width-height anchor multiplication
# https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov3/issues/168
x = np.arange(-4.0, 4.0, .1)
ya = np.exp(x)
yb = torch.sigmoid(torch.from_numpy(x)).numpy() * 2
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 3), tight_layout=True)
plt.plot(x, ya, '.-', label='YOLOv3')
plt.plot(x, yb ** 2, '.-', label='YOLOv5 ^2')
plt.plot(x, yb ** 1.6, '.-', label='YOLOv5 ^1.6')
plt.xlim(left=-4, right=4)
plt.ylim(bottom=0, top=6)
plt.xlabel('input')
plt.ylabel('output')
plt.grid()
plt.legend()
fig.savefig('comparison.png', dpi=200)
def output_to_target(output):
# Convert model output to target format [batch_id, class_id, x, y, w, h, conf]
targets = []
for i, o in enumerate(output):
for *box, conf, cls in o.cpu().numpy():
targets.append([i, cls, *list(*xyxy2xywh(np.array(box)[None])), conf])
return np.array(targets)
def plot_images(images, targets, paths=None, fname='images.jpg', names=None, max_size=640, max_subplots=16):
# Plot image grid with labels
if isinstance(images, torch.Tensor):
images = images.cpu().float().numpy()
if isinstance(targets, torch.Tensor):
targets = targets.cpu().numpy()
# un-normalise
if np.max(images[0]) <= 1:
images *= 255
tl = 3 # line thickness
tf = max(tl - 1, 1) # font thickness
bs, _, h, w = images.shape # batch size, _, height, width
bs = min(bs, max_subplots) # limit plot images
ns = np.ceil(bs ** 0.5) # number of subplots (square)
# Check if we should resize
scale_factor = max_size / max(h, w)
if scale_factor < 1:
h = math.ceil(scale_factor * h)
w = math.ceil(scale_factor * w)
colors = color_list() # list of colors
mosaic = np.full((int(ns * h), int(ns * w), 3), 255, dtype=np.uint8) # init
for i, img in enumerate(images):
if i == max_subplots: # if last batch has fewer images than we expect
break
block_x = int(w * (i // ns))
block_y = int(h * (i % ns))
img = img.transpose(1, 2, 0)
if scale_factor < 1:
img = cv2.resize(img, (w, h))
mosaic[block_y:block_y + h, block_x:block_x + w, :] = img
if len(targets) > 0:
image_targets = targets[targets[:, 0] == i]
boxes = xywh2xyxy(image_targets[:, 2:6]).T
classes = image_targets[:, 1].astype('int')
labels = image_targets.shape[1] == 6 # labels if no conf column
conf = None if labels else image_targets[:, 6] # check for confidence presence (label vs pred)
if boxes.shape[1]:
if boxes.max() <= 1.01: # if normalized with tolerance 0.01
boxes[[0, 2]] *= w # scale to pixels
boxes[[1, 3]] *= h
elif scale_factor < 1: # absolute coords need scale if image scales
boxes *= scale_factor
boxes[[0, 2]] += block_x
boxes[[1, 3]] += block_y
for j, box in enumerate(boxes.T):
cls = int(classes[j])
color = colors[cls % len(colors)]
cls = names[cls] if names else cls
if labels or conf[j] > 0.25: # 0.25 conf thresh
label = '%s' % cls if labels else '%s %.1f' % (cls, conf[j])
plot_one_box(box, mosaic, label=label, color=color, line_thickness=tl)
# Draw image filename labels
if paths:
label = Path(paths[i]).name[:40] # trim to 40 char
t_size = cv2.getTextSize(label, 0, fontScale=tl / 3, thickness=tf)[0]
cv2.putText(mosaic, label, (block_x + 5, block_y + t_size[1] + 5), 0, tl / 3, [220, 220, 220], thickness=tf,
lineType=cv2.LINE_AA)
# Image border
cv2.rectangle(mosaic, (block_x, block_y), (block_x + w, block_y + h), (255, 255, 255), thickness=3)
if fname:
r = min(1280. / max(h, w) / ns, 1.0) # ratio to limit image size
mosaic = cv2.resize(mosaic, (int(ns * w * r), int(ns * h * r)), interpolation=cv2.INTER_AREA)
# cv2.imwrite(fname, cv2.cvtColor(mosaic, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)) # cv2 save
Image.fromarray(mosaic).save(fname) # PIL save
return mosaic
def plot_lr_scheduler(optimizer, scheduler, epochs=300, save_dir=''):
# Plot LR simulating training for full epochs
optimizer, scheduler = copy(optimizer), copy(scheduler) # do not modify originals
y = []
for _ in range(epochs):
scheduler.step()
y.append(optimizer.param_groups[0]['lr'])
plt.plot(y, '.-', label='LR')
plt.xlabel('epoch')
plt.ylabel('LR')
plt.grid()
plt.xlim(0, epochs)
plt.ylim(0)
plt.savefig(Path(save_dir) / 'LR.png', dpi=200)
def plot_test_txt(): # from utils.plots import *; plot_test()
# Plot test.txt histograms
x = np.loadtxt('test.txt', dtype=np.float32)
box = xyxy2xywh(x[:, :4])
cx, cy = box[:, 0], box[:, 1]
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(6, 6), tight_layout=True)
ax.hist2d(cx, cy, bins=600, cmax=10, cmin=0)
ax.set_aspect('equal')
plt.savefig('hist2d.png', dpi=300)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(12, 6), tight_layout=True)
ax[0].hist(cx, bins=600)
ax[1].hist(cy, bins=600)
plt.savefig('hist1d.png', dpi=200)
def plot_targets_txt(): # from utils.plots import *; plot_targets_txt()
# Plot targets.txt histograms
x = np.loadtxt('targets.txt', dtype=np.float32).T
s = ['x targets', 'y targets', 'width targets', 'height targets']
fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(8, 8), tight_layout=True)
ax = ax.ravel()
for i in range(4):
ax[i].hist(x[i], bins=100, label='%.3g +/- %.3g' % (x[i].mean(), x[i].std()))
ax[i].legend()
ax[i].set_title(s[i])
plt.savefig('targets.jpg', dpi=200)
def plot_study_txt(path='', x=None): # from utils.plots import *; plot_study_txt()
# Plot study.txt generated by test.py
fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 4, figsize=(10, 6), tight_layout=True)
ax = ax.ravel()
fig2, ax2 = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(8, 4), tight_layout=True)
for f in [Path(path) / f'study_coco_{x}.txt' for x in ['yolov5s', 'yolov5m', 'yolov5l', 'yolov5x']]:
y = np.loadtxt(f, dtype=np.float32, usecols=[0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9], ndmin=2).T
x = np.arange(y.shape[1]) if x is None else np.array(x)
s = ['P', 'R', 'mAP@.5', 'mAP@.5:.95', 't_inference (ms/img)', 't_NMS (ms/img)', 't_total (ms/img)']
for i in range(7):
ax[i].plot(x, y[i], '.-', linewidth=2, markersize=8)
ax[i].set_title(s[i])
j = y[3].argmax() + 1
ax2.plot(y[6, :j], y[3, :j] * 1E2, '.-', linewidth=2, markersize=8,
label=f.stem.replace('study_coco_', '').replace('yolo', 'YOLO'))
ax2.plot(1E3 / np.array([209, 140, 97, 58, 35, 18]), [34.6, 40.5, 43.0, 47.5, 49.7, 51.5],
'k.-', linewidth=2, markersize=8, alpha=.25, label='EfficientDet')
ax2.grid()
ax2.set_xlim(0, 30)
ax2.set_ylim(28, 50)
ax2.set_yticks(np.arange(30, 55, 5))
ax2.set_xlabel('GPU Speed (ms/img)')
ax2.set_ylabel('COCO AP val')
ax2.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.savefig('test_study.png', dpi=300)
def plot_labels(labels, save_dir=Path(''), loggers=None):
# plot dataset labels
print('Plotting labels... ')
c, b = labels[:, 0], labels[:, 1:].transpose() # classes, boxes
nc = int(c.max() + 1) # number of classes
colors = color_list()
x = pd.DataFrame(b.transpose(), columns=['x', 'y', 'width', 'height'])
# seaborn correlogram
sns.pairplot(x, corner=True, diag_kind='auto', kind='hist', diag_kws=dict(bins=50), plot_kws=dict(pmax=0.9))
plt.savefig(save_dir / 'labels_correlogram.jpg', dpi=200)
plt.close()
# matplotlib labels
matplotlib.use('svg') # faster
ax = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(8, 8), tight_layout=True)[1].ravel()
ax[0].hist(c, bins=np.linspace(0, nc, nc + 1) - 0.5, rwidth=0.8)
ax[0].set_xlabel('classes')
sns.histplot(x, x='x', y='y', ax=ax[2], bins=50, pmax=0.9)
sns.histplot(x, x='width', y='height', ax=ax[3], bins=50, pmax=0.9)
# rectangles
labels[:, 1:3] = 0.5 # center
labels[:, 1:] = xywh2xyxy(labels[:, 1:]) * 2000
img = Image.fromarray(np.ones((2000, 2000, 3), dtype=np.uint8) * 255)
for cls, *box in labels[:1000]:
ImageDraw.Draw(img).rectangle(box, width=1, outline=colors[int(cls) % 10]) # plot
ax[1].imshow(img)
ax[1].axis('off')
for a in [0, 1, 2, 3]:
for s in ['top', 'right', 'left', 'bottom']:
ax[a].spines[s].set_visible(False)
plt.savefig(save_dir / 'labels.jpg', dpi=200)
matplotlib.use('Agg')
plt.close()
# loggers
for k, v in loggers.items() or {}:
if k == 'wandb' and v:
v.log({"Labels": [v.Image(str(x), caption=x.name) for x in save_dir.glob('*labels*.jpg')]})
def plot_evolution(yaml_file='data/hyp.finetune.yaml'): # from utils.plots import *; plot_evolution()
# Plot hyperparameter evolution results in evolve.txt
with open(yaml_file) as f:
hyp = yaml.load(f, Loader=yaml.FullLoader)
x = np.loadtxt('evolve.txt', ndmin=2)
f = fitness(x)
# weights = (f - f.min()) ** 2 # for weighted results
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 12), tight_layout=True)
matplotlib.rc('font', **{'size': 8})
for i, (k, v) in enumerate(hyp.items()):
y = x[:, i + 7]
# mu = (y * weights).sum() / weights.sum() # best weighted result
mu = y[f.argmax()] # best single result
plt.subplot(6, 5, i + 1)
plt.scatter(y, f, c=hist2d(y, f, 20), cmap='viridis', alpha=.8, edgecolors='none')
plt.plot(mu, f.max(), 'k+', markersize=15)
plt.title('%s = %.3g' % (k, mu), fontdict={'size': 9}) # limit to 40 characters
if i % 5 != 0:
plt.yticks([])
print('%15s: %.3g' % (k, mu))
plt.savefig('evolve.png', dpi=200)
print('\nPlot saved as evolve.png')
def profile_idetection(start=0, stop=0, labels=(), save_dir=''):
# Plot iDetection '*.txt' per-image logs. from utils.plots import *; profile_idetection()
ax = plt.subplots(2, 4, figsize=(12, 6), tight_layout=True)[1].ravel()
s = ['Images', 'Free Storage (GB)', 'RAM Usage (GB)', 'Battery', 'dt_raw (ms)', 'dt_smooth (ms)', 'real-world FPS']
files = list(Path(save_dir).glob('frames*.txt'))
for fi, f in enumerate(files):
try:
results = np.loadtxt(f, ndmin=2).T[:, 90:-30] # clip first and last rows
n = results.shape[1] # number of rows
x = np.arange(start, min(stop, n) if stop else n)
results = results[:, x]
t = (results[0] - results[0].min()) # set t0=0s
results[0] = x
for i, a in enumerate(ax):
if i < len(results):
label = labels[fi] if len(labels) else f.stem.replace('frames_', '')
a.plot(t, results[i], marker='.', label=label, linewidth=1, markersize=5)
a.set_title(s[i])
a.set_xlabel('time (s)')
# if fi == len(files) - 1:
# a.set_ylim(bottom=0)
for side in ['top', 'right']:
a.spines[side].set_visible(False)
else:
a.remove()
except Exception as e:
print('Warning: Plotting error for %s; %s' % (f, e))
ax[1].legend()
plt.savefig(Path(save_dir) / 'idetection_profile.png', dpi=200)
def plot_results_overlay(start=0, stop=0): # from utils.plots import *; plot_results_overlay()
# Plot training 'results*.txt', overlaying train and val losses
s = ['train', 'train', 'train', 'Precision', 'mAP@0.5', 'val', 'val', 'val', 'Recall', 'mAP@0.5:0.95'] # legends
t = ['Box', 'Objectness', 'Classification', 'P-R', 'mAP-F1'] # titles
for f in sorted(glob.glob('results*.txt') + glob.glob('../../Downloads/results*.txt')):
results = np.loadtxt(f, usecols=[2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 10, 11], ndmin=2).T
n = results.shape[1] # number of rows
x = range(start, min(stop, n) if stop else n)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 5, figsize=(14, 3.5), tight_layout=True)
ax = ax.ravel()
for i in range(5):
for j in [i, i + 5]:
y = results[j, x]
ax[i].plot(x, y, marker='.', label=s[j])
# y_smooth = butter_lowpass_filtfilt(y)
# ax[i].plot(x, np.gradient(y_smooth), marker='.', label=s[j])
ax[i].set_title(t[i])
ax[i].legend()
ax[i].set_ylabel(f) if i == 0 else None # add filename
fig.savefig(f.replace('.txt', '.png'), dpi=200)
def plot_results(start=0, stop=0, bucket='', id=(), labels=(), save_dir=''):
# Plot training 'results*.txt'. from utils.plots import *; plot_results(save_dir='runs/train/exp')
fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 5, figsize=(12, 6), tight_layout=True)
ax = ax.ravel()
s = ['Box', 'Objectness', 'Classification', 'Precision', 'Recall',
'val Box', 'val Objectness', 'val Classification', 'mAP@0.5', 'mAP@0.5:0.95']
if bucket:
# files = ['https://storage.googleapis.com/%s/results%g.txt' % (bucket, x) for x in id]
files = ['results%g.txt' % x for x in id]
c = ('gsutil cp ' + '%s ' * len(files) + '.') % tuple('gs://%s/results%g.txt' % (bucket, x) for x in id)
os.system(c)
else:
files = list(Path(save_dir).glob('results*.txt'))
assert len(files), 'No results.txt files found in %s, nothing to plot.' % os.path.abspath(save_dir)
for fi, f in enumerate(files):
try:
results = np.loadtxt(f, usecols=[2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 10, 11], ndmin=2).T
n = results.shape[1] # number of rows
x = range(start, min(stop, n) if stop else n)
for i in range(10):
y = results[i, x]
if i in [0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7]:
y[y == 0] = np.nan # don't show zero loss values
# y /= y[0] # normalize
label = labels[fi] if len(labels) else f.stem
ax[i].plot(x, y, marker='.', label=label, linewidth=2, markersize=8)
ax[i].set_title(s[i])
# if i in [5, 6, 7]: # share train and val loss y axes
# ax[i].get_shared_y_axes().join(ax[i], ax[i - 5])
except Exception as e:
print('Warning: Plotting error for %s; %s' % (f, e))
ax[1].legend()
fig.savefig(Path(save_dir) / 'results.png', dpi=200)

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# PyTorch utils
import logging
import math
import os
import time
from contextlib import contextmanager
from copy import deepcopy
import torch
import torch.backends.cudnn as cudnn
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torchvision
try:
import thop # for FLOPS computation
except ImportError:
thop = None
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@contextmanager
def torch_distributed_zero_first(local_rank: int):
"""
Decorator to make all processes in distributed training wait for each local_master to do something.
"""
if local_rank not in [-1, 0]:
torch.distributed.barrier()
yield
if local_rank == 0:
torch.distributed.barrier()
def init_torch_seeds(seed=0):
# Speed-reproducibility tradeoff https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/notes/randomness.html
torch.manual_seed(seed)
if seed == 0: # slower, more reproducible
cudnn.benchmark, cudnn.deterministic = False, True
else: # faster, less reproducible
cudnn.benchmark, cudnn.deterministic = True, False
def select_device(device='', batch_size=None):
# device = 'cpu' or '0' or '0,1,2,3'
s = f'Using torch {torch.__version__} ' # string
cpu = device.lower() == 'cpu'
if cpu:
os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '-1' # force torch.cuda.is_available() = False
elif device: # non-cpu device requested
os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = device # set environment variable
assert torch.cuda.is_available(), f'CUDA unavailable, invalid device {device} requested' # check availability
cuda = torch.cuda.is_available() and not cpu
if cuda:
n = torch.cuda.device_count()
if n > 1 and batch_size: # check that batch_size is compatible with device_count
assert batch_size % n == 0, f'batch-size {batch_size} not multiple of GPU count {n}'
space = ' ' * len(s)
for i, d in enumerate(device.split(',') if device else range(n)):
p = torch.cuda.get_device_properties(i)
s += f"{'' if i == 0 else space}CUDA:{d} ({p.name}, {p.total_memory / 1024 ** 2}MB)\n" # bytes to MB
else:
s += 'CPU'
logger.info(f'{s}\n') # skip a line
return torch.device('cuda:0' if cuda else 'cpu')
def time_synchronized():
# pytorch-accurate time
if torch.cuda.is_available():
torch.cuda.synchronize()
return time.time()
def profile(x, ops, n=100, device=None):
# profile a pytorch module or list of modules. Example usage:
# x = torch.randn(16, 3, 640, 640) # input
# m1 = lambda x: x * torch.sigmoid(x)
# m2 = nn.SiLU()
# profile(x, [m1, m2], n=100) # profile speed over 100 iterations
device = device or torch.device('cuda:0' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
x = x.to(device)
x.requires_grad = True
print(torch.__version__, device.type, torch.cuda.get_device_properties(0) if device.type == 'cuda' else '')
print(f"\n{'Params':>12s}{'GFLOPS':>12s}{'forward (ms)':>16s}{'backward (ms)':>16s}{'input':>24s}{'output':>24s}")
for m in ops if isinstance(ops, list) else [ops]:
m = m.to(device) if hasattr(m, 'to') else m # device
m = m.half() if hasattr(m, 'half') and isinstance(x, torch.Tensor) and x.dtype is torch.float16 else m # type
dtf, dtb, t = 0., 0., [0., 0., 0.] # dt forward, backward
try:
flops = thop.profile(m, inputs=(x,), verbose=False)[0] / 1E9 * 2 # GFLOPS
except:
flops = 0
for _ in range(n):
t[0] = time_synchronized()
y = m(x)
t[1] = time_synchronized()
try:
_ = y.sum().backward()
t[2] = time_synchronized()
except: # no backward method
t[2] = float('nan')
dtf += (t[1] - t[0]) * 1000 / n # ms per op forward
dtb += (t[2] - t[1]) * 1000 / n # ms per op backward
s_in = tuple(x.shape) if isinstance(x, torch.Tensor) else 'list'
s_out = tuple(y.shape) if isinstance(y, torch.Tensor) else 'list'
p = sum(list(x.numel() for x in m.parameters())) if isinstance(m, nn.Module) else 0 # parameters
print(f'{p:12.4g}{flops:12.4g}{dtf:16.4g}{dtb:16.4g}{str(s_in):>24s}{str(s_out):>24s}')
def is_parallel(model):
return type(model) in (nn.parallel.DataParallel, nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel)
def intersect_dicts(da, db, exclude=()):
# Dictionary intersection of matching keys and shapes, omitting 'exclude' keys, using da values
return {k: v for k, v in da.items() if k in db and not any(x in k for x in exclude) and v.shape == db[k].shape}
def initialize_weights(model):
for m in model.modules():
t = type(m)
if t is nn.Conv2d:
pass # nn.init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, mode='fan_out', nonlinearity='relu')
elif t is nn.BatchNorm2d:
m.eps = 1e-3
m.momentum = 0.03
elif t in [nn.Hardswish, nn.LeakyReLU, nn.ReLU, nn.ReLU6]:
m.inplace = True
def find_modules(model, mclass=nn.Conv2d):
# Finds layer indices matching module class 'mclass'
return [i for i, m in enumerate(model.module_list) if isinstance(m, mclass)]
def sparsity(model):
# Return global model sparsity
a, b = 0., 0.
for p in model.parameters():
a += p.numel()
b += (p == 0).sum()
return b / a
def prune(model, amount=0.3):
# Prune model to requested global sparsity
import torch.nn.utils.prune as prune
print('Pruning model... ', end='')
for name, m in model.named_modules():
if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
prune.l1_unstructured(m, name='weight', amount=amount) # prune
prune.remove(m, 'weight') # make permanent
print(' %.3g global sparsity' % sparsity(model))
def fuse_conv_and_bn(conv, bn):
# Fuse convolution and batchnorm layers https://tehnokv.com/posts/fusing-batchnorm-and-conv/
fusedconv = nn.Conv2d(conv.in_channels,
conv.out_channels,
kernel_size=conv.kernel_size,
stride=conv.stride,
padding=conv.padding,
groups=conv.groups,
bias=True).requires_grad_(False).to(conv.weight.device)
# prepare filters
w_conv = conv.weight.clone().view(conv.out_channels, -1)
w_bn = torch.diag(bn.weight.div(torch.sqrt(bn.eps + bn.running_var)))
fusedconv.weight.copy_(torch.mm(w_bn, w_conv).view(fusedconv.weight.size()))
# prepare spatial bias
b_conv = torch.zeros(conv.weight.size(0), device=conv.weight.device) if conv.bias is None else conv.bias
b_bn = bn.bias - bn.weight.mul(bn.running_mean).div(torch.sqrt(bn.running_var + bn.eps))
fusedconv.bias.copy_(torch.mm(w_bn, b_conv.reshape(-1, 1)).reshape(-1) + b_bn)
return fusedconv
def model_info(model, verbose=False, img_size=640):
# Model information. img_size may be int or list, i.e. img_size=640 or img_size=[640, 320]
n_p = sum(x.numel() for x in model.parameters()) # number parameters
n_g = sum(x.numel() for x in model.parameters() if x.requires_grad) # number gradients
if verbose:
print('%5s %40s %9s %12s %20s %10s %10s' % ('layer', 'name', 'gradient', 'parameters', 'shape', 'mu', 'sigma'))
for i, (name, p) in enumerate(model.named_parameters()):
name = name.replace('module_list.', '')
print('%5g %40s %9s %12g %20s %10.3g %10.3g' %
(i, name, p.requires_grad, p.numel(), list(p.shape), p.mean(), p.std()))
try: # FLOPS
from thop import profile
stride = int(model.stride.max()) if hasattr(model, 'stride') else 32
img = torch.zeros((1, model.yaml.get('ch', 3), stride, stride), device=next(model.parameters()).device) # input
flops = profile(deepcopy(model), inputs=(img,), verbose=False)[0] / 1E9 * 2 # stride GFLOPS
img_size = img_size if isinstance(img_size, list) else [img_size, img_size] # expand if int/float
fs = ', %.1f GFLOPS' % (flops * img_size[0] / stride * img_size[1] / stride) # 640x640 GFLOPS
except (ImportError, Exception):
fs = ''
logger.info(f"Model Summary: {len(list(model.modules()))} layers, {n_p} parameters, {n_g} gradients{fs}")
def load_classifier(name='resnet101', n=2):
# Loads a pretrained model reshaped to n-class output
model = torchvision.models.__dict__[name](pretrained=True)
# ResNet model properties
# input_size = [3, 224, 224]
# input_space = 'RGB'
# input_range = [0, 1]
# mean = [0.485, 0.456, 0.406]
# std = [0.229, 0.224, 0.225]
# Reshape output to n classes
filters = model.fc.weight.shape[1]
model.fc.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(n), requires_grad=True)
model.fc.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(n, filters), requires_grad=True)
model.fc.out_features = n
return model
def scale_img(img, ratio=1.0, same_shape=False): # img(16,3,256,416), r=ratio
# scales img(bs,3,y,x) by ratio
if ratio == 1.0:
return img
else:
h, w = img.shape[2:]
s = (int(h * ratio), int(w * ratio)) # new size
img = F.interpolate(img, size=s, mode='bilinear', align_corners=False) # resize
if not same_shape: # pad/crop img
gs = 32 # (pixels) grid size
h, w = [math.ceil(x * ratio / gs) * gs for x in (h, w)]
return F.pad(img, [0, w - s[1], 0, h - s[0]], value=0.447) # value = imagenet mean
def copy_attr(a, b, include=(), exclude=()):
# Copy attributes from b to a, options to only include [...] and to exclude [...]
for k, v in b.__dict__.items():
if (len(include) and k not in include) or k.startswith('_') or k in exclude:
continue
else:
setattr(a, k, v)
class ModelEMA:
""" Model Exponential Moving Average from https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models
Keep a moving average of everything in the model state_dict (parameters and buffers).
This is intended to allow functionality like
https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/train/ExponentialMovingAverage
A smoothed version of the weights is necessary for some training schemes to perform well.
This class is sensitive where it is initialized in the sequence of model init,
GPU assignment and distributed training wrappers.
"""
def __init__(self, model, decay=0.9999, updates=0):
# Create EMA
self.ema = deepcopy(model.module if is_parallel(model) else model).eval() # FP32 EMA
# if next(model.parameters()).device.type != 'cpu':
# self.ema.half() # FP16 EMA
self.updates = updates # number of EMA updates
self.decay = lambda x: decay * (1 - math.exp(-x / 2000)) # decay exponential ramp (to help early epochs)
for p in self.ema.parameters():
p.requires_grad_(False)
def update(self, model):
# Update EMA parameters
with torch.no_grad():
self.updates += 1
d = self.decay(self.updates)
msd = model.module.state_dict() if is_parallel(model) else model.state_dict() # model state_dict
for k, v in self.ema.state_dict().items():
if v.dtype.is_floating_point:
v *= d
v += (1. - d) * msd[k].detach()
def update_attr(self, model, include=(), exclude=('process_group', 'reducer')):
# Update EMA attributes
copy_attr(self.ema, model, include, exclude)

12
yolov5/weights/download_weights.sh Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
#!/bin/bash
# Download latest models from https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/releases
# Usage:
# $ bash weights/download_weights.sh
python - <<EOF
from utils.google_utils import attempt_download
for x in ['s', 'm', 'l', 'x']:
attempt_download(f'yolov5{x}.pt')
EOF