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docs/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/rsa/key.py

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Prototype app
2018-12-11 00:32:28 +01:00
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Copyright 2011 Sybren A. Stüvel <sybren@stuvel.eu>
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""RSA key generation code.
Create new keys with the newkeys() function. It will give you a PublicKey and a
PrivateKey object.
Loading and saving keys requires the pyasn1 module. This module is imported as
late as possible, such that other functionality will remain working in absence
of pyasn1.
.. note::
Storing public and private keys via the `pickle` module is possible.
However, it is insecure to load a key from an untrusted source.
The pickle module is not secure against erroneous or maliciously
constructed data. Never unpickle data received from an untrusted
or unauthenticated source.
"""
import logging
import warnings
from rsa._compat import range
import rsa.prime
import rsa.pem
import rsa.common
import rsa.randnum
import rsa.core
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
DEFAULT_EXPONENT = 65537
class AbstractKey(object):
"""Abstract superclass for private and public keys."""
__slots__ = ('n', 'e')
def __init__(self, n, e):
self.n = n
self.e = e
@classmethod
def _load_pkcs1_pem(cls, keyfile):
"""Loads a key in PKCS#1 PEM format, implement in a subclass.
:param keyfile: contents of a PEM-encoded file that contains
the public key.
:type keyfile: bytes
:return: the loaded key
:rtype: AbstractKey
"""
@classmethod
def _load_pkcs1_der(cls, keyfile):
"""Loads a key in PKCS#1 PEM format, implement in a subclass.
:param keyfile: contents of a DER-encoded file that contains
the public key.
:type keyfile: bytes
:return: the loaded key
:rtype: AbstractKey
"""
def _save_pkcs1_pem(self):
"""Saves the key in PKCS#1 PEM format, implement in a subclass.
:returns: the PEM-encoded key.
:rtype: bytes
"""
def _save_pkcs1_der(self):
"""Saves the key in PKCS#1 DER format, implement in a subclass.
:returns: the DER-encoded key.
:rtype: bytes
"""
@classmethod
def load_pkcs1(cls, keyfile, format='PEM'):
"""Loads a key in PKCS#1 DER or PEM format.
:param keyfile: contents of a DER- or PEM-encoded file that contains
the key.
:type keyfile: bytes
:param format: the format of the file to load; 'PEM' or 'DER'
:type format: str
:return: the loaded key
:rtype: AbstractKey
"""
methods = {
'PEM': cls._load_pkcs1_pem,
'DER': cls._load_pkcs1_der,
}
method = cls._assert_format_exists(format, methods)
return method(keyfile)
@staticmethod
def _assert_format_exists(file_format, methods):
"""Checks whether the given file format exists in 'methods'.
"""
try:
return methods[file_format]
except KeyError:
formats = ', '.join(sorted(methods.keys()))
raise ValueError('Unsupported format: %r, try one of %s' % (file_format,
formats))
def save_pkcs1(self, format='PEM'):
"""Saves the key in PKCS#1 DER or PEM format.
:param format: the format to save; 'PEM' or 'DER'
:type format: str
:returns: the DER- or PEM-encoded key.
:rtype: bytes
"""
methods = {
'PEM': self._save_pkcs1_pem,
'DER': self._save_pkcs1_der,
}
method = self._assert_format_exists(format, methods)
return method()
def blind(self, message, r):
"""Performs blinding on the message using random number 'r'.
:param message: the message, as integer, to blind.
:type message: int
:param r: the random number to blind with.
:type r: int
:return: the blinded message.
:rtype: int
The blinding is such that message = unblind(decrypt(blind(encrypt(message))).
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blinding_%28cryptography%29
"""
return (message * pow(r, self.e, self.n)) % self.n
def unblind(self, blinded, r):
"""Performs blinding on the message using random number 'r'.
:param blinded: the blinded message, as integer, to unblind.
:param r: the random number to unblind with.
:return: the original message.
The blinding is such that message = unblind(decrypt(blind(encrypt(message))).
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blinding_%28cryptography%29
"""
return (rsa.common.inverse(r, self.n) * blinded) % self.n
class PublicKey(AbstractKey):
"""Represents a public RSA key.
This key is also known as the 'encryption key'. It contains the 'n' and 'e'
values.
Supports attributes as well as dictionary-like access. Attribute access is
faster, though.
>>> PublicKey(5, 3)
PublicKey(5, 3)
>>> key = PublicKey(5, 3)
>>> key.n
5
>>> key['n']
5
>>> key.e
3
>>> key['e']
3
"""
__slots__ = ('n', 'e')
def __getitem__(self, key):
return getattr(self, key)
def __repr__(self):
return 'PublicKey(%i, %i)' % (self.n, self.e)
def __getstate__(self):
"""Returns the key as tuple for pickling."""
return self.n, self.e
def __setstate__(self, state):
"""Sets the key from tuple."""
self.n, self.e = state
def __eq__(self, other):
if other is None:
return False
if not isinstance(other, PublicKey):
return False
return self.n == other.n and self.e == other.e
def __ne__(self, other):
return not (self == other)
def __hash__(self):
return hash((self.n, self.e))
@classmethod
def _load_pkcs1_der(cls, keyfile):
"""Loads a key in PKCS#1 DER format.
:param keyfile: contents of a DER-encoded file that contains the public
key.
:return: a PublicKey object
First let's construct a DER encoded key:
>>> import base64
>>> b64der = 'MAwCBQCNGmYtAgMBAAE='
>>> der = base64.standard_b64decode(b64der)
This loads the file:
>>> PublicKey._load_pkcs1_der(der)
PublicKey(2367317549, 65537)
"""
from pyasn1.codec.der import decoder
from rsa.asn1 import AsnPubKey
(priv, _) = decoder.decode(keyfile, asn1Spec=AsnPubKey())
return cls(n=int(priv['modulus']), e=int(priv['publicExponent']))
def _save_pkcs1_der(self):
"""Saves the public key in PKCS#1 DER format.
:returns: the DER-encoded public key.
:rtype: bytes
"""
from pyasn1.codec.der import encoder
from rsa.asn1 import AsnPubKey
# Create the ASN object
asn_key = AsnPubKey()
asn_key.setComponentByName('modulus', self.n)
asn_key.setComponentByName('publicExponent', self.e)
return encoder.encode(asn_key)
@classmethod
def _load_pkcs1_pem(cls, keyfile):
"""Loads a PKCS#1 PEM-encoded public key file.
The contents of the file before the "-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----" and
after the "-----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----" lines is ignored.
:param keyfile: contents of a PEM-encoded file that contains the public
key.
:return: a PublicKey object
"""
der = rsa.pem.load_pem(keyfile, 'RSA PUBLIC KEY')
return cls._load_pkcs1_der(der)
def _save_pkcs1_pem(self):
"""Saves a PKCS#1 PEM-encoded public key file.
:return: contents of a PEM-encoded file that contains the public key.
:rtype: bytes
"""
der = self._save_pkcs1_der()
return rsa.pem.save_pem(der, 'RSA PUBLIC KEY')
@classmethod
def load_pkcs1_openssl_pem(cls, keyfile):
"""Loads a PKCS#1.5 PEM-encoded public key file from OpenSSL.
These files can be recognised in that they start with BEGIN PUBLIC KEY
rather than BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY.
The contents of the file before the "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----" and
after the "-----END PUBLIC KEY-----" lines is ignored.
:param keyfile: contents of a PEM-encoded file that contains the public
key, from OpenSSL.
:type keyfile: bytes
:return: a PublicKey object
"""
der = rsa.pem.load_pem(keyfile, 'PUBLIC KEY')
return cls.load_pkcs1_openssl_der(der)
@classmethod
def load_pkcs1_openssl_der(cls, keyfile):
"""Loads a PKCS#1 DER-encoded public key file from OpenSSL.
:param keyfile: contents of a DER-encoded file that contains the public
key, from OpenSSL.
:return: a PublicKey object
:rtype: bytes
"""
from rsa.asn1 import OpenSSLPubKey
from pyasn1.codec.der import decoder
from pyasn1.type import univ
(keyinfo, _) = decoder.decode(keyfile, asn1Spec=OpenSSLPubKey())
if keyinfo['header']['oid'] != univ.ObjectIdentifier('1.2.840.113549.1.1.1'):
raise TypeError("This is not a DER-encoded OpenSSL-compatible public key")
return cls._load_pkcs1_der(keyinfo['key'][1:])
class PrivateKey(AbstractKey):
"""Represents a private RSA key.
This key is also known as the 'decryption key'. It contains the 'n', 'e',
'd', 'p', 'q' and other values.
Supports attributes as well as dictionary-like access. Attribute access is
faster, though.
>>> PrivateKey(3247, 65537, 833, 191, 17)
PrivateKey(3247, 65537, 833, 191, 17)
exp1, exp2 and coef will be calculated:
>>> pk = PrivateKey(3727264081, 65537, 3349121513, 65063, 57287)
>>> pk.exp1
55063
>>> pk.exp2
10095
>>> pk.coef
50797
"""
__slots__ = ('n', 'e', 'd', 'p', 'q', 'exp1', 'exp2', 'coef')
def __init__(self, n, e, d, p, q):
AbstractKey.__init__(self, n, e)
self.d = d
self.p = p
self.q = q
# Calculate exponents and coefficient.
self.exp1 = int(d % (p - 1))
self.exp2 = int(d % (q - 1))
self.coef = rsa.common.inverse(q, p)
def __getitem__(self, key):
return getattr(self, key)
def __repr__(self):
return 'PrivateKey(%(n)i, %(e)i, %(d)i, %(p)i, %(q)i)' % self
def __getstate__(self):
"""Returns the key as tuple for pickling."""
return self.n, self.e, self.d, self.p, self.q, self.exp1, self.exp2, self.coef
def __setstate__(self, state):
"""Sets the key from tuple."""
self.n, self.e, self.d, self.p, self.q, self.exp1, self.exp2, self.coef = state
def __eq__(self, other):
if other is None:
return False
if not isinstance(other, PrivateKey):
return False
return (self.n == other.n and
self.e == other.e and
self.d == other.d and
self.p == other.p and
self.q == other.q and
self.exp1 == other.exp1 and
self.exp2 == other.exp2 and
self.coef == other.coef)
def __ne__(self, other):
return not (self == other)
def __hash__(self):
return hash((self.n, self.e, self.d, self.p, self.q, self.exp1, self.exp2, self.coef))
def blinded_decrypt(self, encrypted):
"""Decrypts the message using blinding to prevent side-channel attacks.
:param encrypted: the encrypted message
:type encrypted: int
:returns: the decrypted message
:rtype: int
"""
blind_r = rsa.randnum.randint(self.n - 1)
blinded = self.blind(encrypted, blind_r) # blind before decrypting
decrypted = rsa.core.decrypt_int(blinded, self.d, self.n)
return self.unblind(decrypted, blind_r)
def blinded_encrypt(self, message):
"""Encrypts the message using blinding to prevent side-channel attacks.
:param message: the message to encrypt
:type message: int
:returns: the encrypted message
:rtype: int
"""
blind_r = rsa.randnum.randint(self.n - 1)
blinded = self.blind(message, blind_r) # blind before encrypting
encrypted = rsa.core.encrypt_int(blinded, self.d, self.n)
return self.unblind(encrypted, blind_r)
@classmethod
def _load_pkcs1_der(cls, keyfile):
"""Loads a key in PKCS#1 DER format.
:param keyfile: contents of a DER-encoded file that contains the private
key.
:type keyfile: bytes
:return: a PrivateKey object
First let's construct a DER encoded key:
>>> import base64
>>> b64der = 'MC4CAQACBQDeKYlRAgMBAAECBQDHn4npAgMA/icCAwDfxwIDANcXAgInbwIDAMZt'
>>> der = base64.standard_b64decode(b64der)
This loads the file:
>>> PrivateKey._load_pkcs1_der(der)
PrivateKey(3727264081, 65537, 3349121513, 65063, 57287)
"""
from pyasn1.codec.der import decoder
(priv, _) = decoder.decode(keyfile)
# ASN.1 contents of DER encoded private key:
#
# RSAPrivateKey ::= SEQUENCE {
# version Version,
# modulus INTEGER, -- n
# publicExponent INTEGER, -- e
# privateExponent INTEGER, -- d
# prime1 INTEGER, -- p
# prime2 INTEGER, -- q
# exponent1 INTEGER, -- d mod (p-1)
# exponent2 INTEGER, -- d mod (q-1)
# coefficient INTEGER, -- (inverse of q) mod p
# otherPrimeInfos OtherPrimeInfos OPTIONAL
# }
if priv[0] != 0:
raise ValueError('Unable to read this file, version %s != 0' % priv[0])
as_ints = map(int, priv[1:6])
key = cls(*as_ints)
exp1, exp2, coef = map(int, priv[6:9])
if (key.exp1, key.exp2, key.coef) != (exp1, exp2, coef):
warnings.warn(
'You have provided a malformed keyfile. Either the exponents '
'or the coefficient are incorrect. Using the correct values '
'instead.',
UserWarning,
)
return key
def _save_pkcs1_der(self):
"""Saves the private key in PKCS#1 DER format.
:returns: the DER-encoded private key.
:rtype: bytes
"""
from pyasn1.type import univ, namedtype
from pyasn1.codec.der import encoder
class AsnPrivKey(univ.Sequence):
componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
namedtype.NamedType('version', univ.Integer()),
namedtype.NamedType('modulus', univ.Integer()),
namedtype.NamedType('publicExponent', univ.Integer()),
namedtype.NamedType('privateExponent', univ.Integer()),
namedtype.NamedType('prime1', univ.Integer()),
namedtype.NamedType('prime2', univ.Integer()),
namedtype.NamedType('exponent1', univ.Integer()),
namedtype.NamedType('exponent2', univ.Integer()),
namedtype.NamedType('coefficient', univ.Integer()),
)
# Create the ASN object
asn_key = AsnPrivKey()
asn_key.setComponentByName('version', 0)
asn_key.setComponentByName('modulus', self.n)
asn_key.setComponentByName('publicExponent', self.e)
asn_key.setComponentByName('privateExponent', self.d)
asn_key.setComponentByName('prime1', self.p)
asn_key.setComponentByName('prime2', self.q)
asn_key.setComponentByName('exponent1', self.exp1)
asn_key.setComponentByName('exponent2', self.exp2)
asn_key.setComponentByName('coefficient', self.coef)
return encoder.encode(asn_key)
@classmethod
def _load_pkcs1_pem(cls, keyfile):
"""Loads a PKCS#1 PEM-encoded private key file.
The contents of the file before the "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----" and
after the "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----" lines is ignored.
:param keyfile: contents of a PEM-encoded file that contains the private
key.
:type keyfile: bytes
:return: a PrivateKey object
"""
der = rsa.pem.load_pem(keyfile, b'RSA PRIVATE KEY')
return cls._load_pkcs1_der(der)
def _save_pkcs1_pem(self):
"""Saves a PKCS#1 PEM-encoded private key file.
:return: contents of a PEM-encoded file that contains the private key.
:rtype: bytes
"""
der = self._save_pkcs1_der()
return rsa.pem.save_pem(der, b'RSA PRIVATE KEY')
def find_p_q(nbits, getprime_func=rsa.prime.getprime, accurate=True):
"""Returns a tuple of two different primes of nbits bits each.
The resulting p * q has exacty 2 * nbits bits, and the returned p and q
will not be equal.
:param nbits: the number of bits in each of p and q.
:param getprime_func: the getprime function, defaults to
:py:func:`rsa.prime.getprime`.
*Introduced in Python-RSA 3.1*
:param accurate: whether to enable accurate mode or not.
:returns: (p, q), where p > q
>>> (p, q) = find_p_q(128)
>>> from rsa import common
>>> common.bit_size(p * q)
256
When not in accurate mode, the number of bits can be slightly less
>>> (p, q) = find_p_q(128, accurate=False)
>>> from rsa import common
>>> common.bit_size(p * q) <= 256
True
>>> common.bit_size(p * q) > 240
True
"""
total_bits = nbits * 2
# Make sure that p and q aren't too close or the factoring programs can
# factor n.
shift = nbits // 16
pbits = nbits + shift
qbits = nbits - shift
# Choose the two initial primes
log.debug('find_p_q(%i): Finding p', nbits)
p = getprime_func(pbits)
log.debug('find_p_q(%i): Finding q', nbits)
q = getprime_func(qbits)
def is_acceptable(p, q):
"""Returns True iff p and q are acceptable:
- p and q differ
- (p * q) has the right nr of bits (when accurate=True)
"""
if p == q:
return False
if not accurate:
return True
# Make sure we have just the right amount of bits
found_size = rsa.common.bit_size(p * q)
return total_bits == found_size
# Keep choosing other primes until they match our requirements.
change_p = False
while not is_acceptable(p, q):
# Change p on one iteration and q on the other
if change_p:
p = getprime_func(pbits)
else:
q = getprime_func(qbits)
change_p = not change_p
# We want p > q as described on
# http://www.di-mgt.com.au/rsa_alg.html#crt
return max(p, q), min(p, q)
def calculate_keys_custom_exponent(p, q, exponent):
"""Calculates an encryption and a decryption key given p, q and an exponent,
and returns them as a tuple (e, d)
:param p: the first large prime
:param q: the second large prime
:param exponent: the exponent for the key; only change this if you know
what you're doing, as the exponent influences how difficult your
private key can be cracked. A very common choice for e is 65537.
:type exponent: int
"""
phi_n = (p - 1) * (q - 1)
try:
d = rsa.common.inverse(exponent, phi_n)
except rsa.common.NotRelativePrimeError as ex:
raise rsa.common.NotRelativePrimeError(
exponent, phi_n, ex.d,
msg="e (%d) and phi_n (%d) are not relatively prime (divider=%i)" %
(exponent, phi_n, ex.d))
if (exponent * d) % phi_n != 1:
raise ValueError("e (%d) and d (%d) are not mult. inv. modulo "
"phi_n (%d)" % (exponent, d, phi_n))
return exponent, d
def calculate_keys(p, q):
"""Calculates an encryption and a decryption key given p and q, and
returns them as a tuple (e, d)
:param p: the first large prime
:param q: the second large prime
:return: tuple (e, d) with the encryption and decryption exponents.
"""
return calculate_keys_custom_exponent(p, q, DEFAULT_EXPONENT)
def gen_keys(nbits, getprime_func, accurate=True, exponent=DEFAULT_EXPONENT):
"""Generate RSA keys of nbits bits. Returns (p, q, e, d).
Note: this can take a long time, depending on the key size.
:param nbits: the total number of bits in ``p`` and ``q``. Both ``p`` and
``q`` will use ``nbits/2`` bits.
:param getprime_func: either :py:func:`rsa.prime.getprime` or a function
with similar signature.
:param exponent: the exponent for the key; only change this if you know
what you're doing, as the exponent influences how difficult your
private key can be cracked. A very common choice for e is 65537.
:type exponent: int
"""
# Regenerate p and q values, until calculate_keys doesn't raise a
# ValueError.
while True:
(p, q) = find_p_q(nbits // 2, getprime_func, accurate)
try:
(e, d) = calculate_keys_custom_exponent(p, q, exponent=exponent)
break
except ValueError:
pass
return p, q, e, d
def newkeys(nbits, accurate=True, poolsize=1, exponent=DEFAULT_EXPONENT):
"""Generates public and private keys, and returns them as (pub, priv).
The public key is also known as the 'encryption key', and is a
:py:class:`rsa.PublicKey` object. The private key is also known as the
'decryption key' and is a :py:class:`rsa.PrivateKey` object.
:param nbits: the number of bits required to store ``n = p*q``.
:param accurate: when True, ``n`` will have exactly the number of bits you
asked for. However, this makes key generation much slower. When False,
`n`` may have slightly less bits.
:param poolsize: the number of processes to use to generate the prime
numbers. If set to a number > 1, a parallel algorithm will be used.
This requires Python 2.6 or newer.
:param exponent: the exponent for the key; only change this if you know
what you're doing, as the exponent influences how difficult your
private key can be cracked. A very common choice for e is 65537.
:type exponent: int
:returns: a tuple (:py:class:`rsa.PublicKey`, :py:class:`rsa.PrivateKey`)
The ``poolsize`` parameter was added in *Python-RSA 3.1* and requires
Python 2.6 or newer.
"""
if nbits < 16:
raise ValueError('Key too small')
if poolsize < 1:
raise ValueError('Pool size (%i) should be >= 1' % poolsize)
# Determine which getprime function to use
if poolsize > 1:
from rsa import parallel
import functools
getprime_func = functools.partial(parallel.getprime, poolsize=poolsize)
else:
getprime_func = rsa.prime.getprime
# Generate the key components
(p, q, e, d) = gen_keys(nbits, getprime_func, accurate=accurate, exponent=exponent)
# Create the key objects
n = p * q
return (
PublicKey(n, e),
PrivateKey(n, e, d, p, q)
)
__all__ = ['PublicKey', 'PrivateKey', 'newkeys']
if __name__ == '__main__':
import doctest
try:
for count in range(100):
(failures, tests) = doctest.testmod()
if failures:
break
if (count % 10 == 0 and count) or count == 1:
print('%i times' % count)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print('Aborted')
else:
print('Doctests done')
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