1045 lines
39 KiB
Python
1045 lines
39 KiB
Python
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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flask.helpers
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Implements various helpers.
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:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team.
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:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
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"""
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import os
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import socket
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import sys
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import pkgutil
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import posixpath
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import mimetypes
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from time import time
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from zlib import adler32
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from threading import RLock
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import unicodedata
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from werkzeug.routing import BuildError
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from functools import update_wrapper
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from werkzeug.urls import url_quote
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from werkzeug.datastructures import Headers, Range
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from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequest, NotFound, \
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RequestedRangeNotSatisfiable
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from werkzeug.wsgi import wrap_file
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from jinja2 import FileSystemLoader
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from .signals import message_flashed
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from .globals import session, _request_ctx_stack, _app_ctx_stack, \
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current_app, request
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from ._compat import string_types, text_type, PY2
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# sentinel
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_missing = object()
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# what separators does this operating system provide that are not a slash?
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# this is used by the send_from_directory function to ensure that nobody is
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# able to access files from outside the filesystem.
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_os_alt_seps = list(sep for sep in [os.path.sep, os.path.altsep]
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if sep not in (None, '/'))
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def get_env():
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"""Get the environment the app is running in, indicated by the
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:envvar:`FLASK_ENV` environment variable. The default is
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``'production'``.
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"""
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return os.environ.get('FLASK_ENV') or 'production'
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def get_debug_flag():
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"""Get whether debug mode should be enabled for the app, indicated
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by the :envvar:`FLASK_DEBUG` environment variable. The default is
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``True`` if :func:`.get_env` returns ``'development'``, or ``False``
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otherwise.
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"""
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val = os.environ.get('FLASK_DEBUG')
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if not val:
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return get_env() == 'development'
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return val.lower() not in ('0', 'false', 'no')
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def get_load_dotenv(default=True):
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"""Get whether the user has disabled loading dotenv files by setting
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:envvar:`FLASK_SKIP_DOTENV`. The default is ``True``, load the
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files.
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:param default: What to return if the env var isn't set.
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"""
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val = os.environ.get('FLASK_SKIP_DOTENV')
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if not val:
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return default
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return val.lower() in ('0', 'false', 'no')
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def _endpoint_from_view_func(view_func):
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"""Internal helper that returns the default endpoint for a given
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function. This always is the function name.
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"""
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assert view_func is not None, 'expected view func if endpoint ' \
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'is not provided.'
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return view_func.__name__
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def stream_with_context(generator_or_function):
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"""Request contexts disappear when the response is started on the server.
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This is done for efficiency reasons and to make it less likely to encounter
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memory leaks with badly written WSGI middlewares. The downside is that if
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you are using streamed responses, the generator cannot access request bound
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information any more.
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This function however can help you keep the context around for longer::
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from flask import stream_with_context, request, Response
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@app.route('/stream')
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def streamed_response():
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@stream_with_context
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def generate():
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yield 'Hello '
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yield request.args['name']
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yield '!'
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return Response(generate())
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Alternatively it can also be used around a specific generator::
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from flask import stream_with_context, request, Response
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@app.route('/stream')
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def streamed_response():
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def generate():
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yield 'Hello '
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yield request.args['name']
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yield '!'
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return Response(stream_with_context(generate()))
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.. versionadded:: 0.9
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"""
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try:
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gen = iter(generator_or_function)
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except TypeError:
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def decorator(*args, **kwargs):
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gen = generator_or_function(*args, **kwargs)
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return stream_with_context(gen)
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return update_wrapper(decorator, generator_or_function)
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def generator():
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ctx = _request_ctx_stack.top
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if ctx is None:
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raise RuntimeError('Attempted to stream with context but '
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'there was no context in the first place to keep around.')
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with ctx:
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# Dummy sentinel. Has to be inside the context block or we're
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# not actually keeping the context around.
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yield None
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# The try/finally is here so that if someone passes a WSGI level
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# iterator in we're still running the cleanup logic. Generators
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# don't need that because they are closed on their destruction
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# automatically.
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try:
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for item in gen:
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yield item
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finally:
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if hasattr(gen, 'close'):
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gen.close()
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# The trick is to start the generator. Then the code execution runs until
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# the first dummy None is yielded at which point the context was already
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# pushed. This item is discarded. Then when the iteration continues the
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# real generator is executed.
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wrapped_g = generator()
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next(wrapped_g)
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return wrapped_g
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def make_response(*args):
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"""Sometimes it is necessary to set additional headers in a view. Because
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views do not have to return response objects but can return a value that
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is converted into a response object by Flask itself, it becomes tricky to
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add headers to it. This function can be called instead of using a return
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and you will get a response object which you can use to attach headers.
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If view looked like this and you want to add a new header::
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def index():
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return render_template('index.html', foo=42)
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You can now do something like this::
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def index():
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response = make_response(render_template('index.html', foo=42))
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response.headers['X-Parachutes'] = 'parachutes are cool'
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return response
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This function accepts the very same arguments you can return from a
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view function. This for example creates a response with a 404 error
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code::
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response = make_response(render_template('not_found.html'), 404)
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The other use case of this function is to force the return value of a
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view function into a response which is helpful with view
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decorators::
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response = make_response(view_function())
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response.headers['X-Parachutes'] = 'parachutes are cool'
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Internally this function does the following things:
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- if no arguments are passed, it creates a new response argument
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- if one argument is passed, :meth:`flask.Flask.make_response`
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is invoked with it.
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- if more than one argument is passed, the arguments are passed
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to the :meth:`flask.Flask.make_response` function as tuple.
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.. versionadded:: 0.6
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"""
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if not args:
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return current_app.response_class()
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if len(args) == 1:
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args = args[0]
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return current_app.make_response(args)
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def url_for(endpoint, **values):
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"""Generates a URL to the given endpoint with the method provided.
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Variable arguments that are unknown to the target endpoint are appended
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to the generated URL as query arguments. If the value of a query argument
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is ``None``, the whole pair is skipped. In case blueprints are active
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you can shortcut references to the same blueprint by prefixing the
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local endpoint with a dot (``.``).
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This will reference the index function local to the current blueprint::
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url_for('.index')
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For more information, head over to the :ref:`Quickstart <url-building>`.
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To integrate applications, :class:`Flask` has a hook to intercept URL build
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errors through :attr:`Flask.url_build_error_handlers`. The `url_for`
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function results in a :exc:`~werkzeug.routing.BuildError` when the current
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app does not have a URL for the given endpoint and values. When it does, the
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:data:`~flask.current_app` calls its :attr:`~Flask.url_build_error_handlers` if
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it is not ``None``, which can return a string to use as the result of
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`url_for` (instead of `url_for`'s default to raise the
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:exc:`~werkzeug.routing.BuildError` exception) or re-raise the exception.
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An example::
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def external_url_handler(error, endpoint, values):
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"Looks up an external URL when `url_for` cannot build a URL."
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# This is an example of hooking the build_error_handler.
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# Here, lookup_url is some utility function you've built
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# which looks up the endpoint in some external URL registry.
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url = lookup_url(endpoint, **values)
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if url is None:
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# External lookup did not have a URL.
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# Re-raise the BuildError, in context of original traceback.
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exc_type, exc_value, tb = sys.exc_info()
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if exc_value is error:
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raise exc_type, exc_value, tb
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else:
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raise error
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# url_for will use this result, instead of raising BuildError.
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return url
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app.url_build_error_handlers.append(external_url_handler)
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Here, `error` is the instance of :exc:`~werkzeug.routing.BuildError`, and
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`endpoint` and `values` are the arguments passed into `url_for`. Note
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that this is for building URLs outside the current application, and not for
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handling 404 NotFound errors.
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.. versionadded:: 0.10
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The `_scheme` parameter was added.
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.. versionadded:: 0.9
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The `_anchor` and `_method` parameters were added.
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.. versionadded:: 0.9
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Calls :meth:`Flask.handle_build_error` on
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:exc:`~werkzeug.routing.BuildError`.
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:param endpoint: the endpoint of the URL (name of the function)
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:param values: the variable arguments of the URL rule
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:param _external: if set to ``True``, an absolute URL is generated. Server
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address can be changed via ``SERVER_NAME`` configuration variable which
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defaults to `localhost`.
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:param _scheme: a string specifying the desired URL scheme. The `_external`
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parameter must be set to ``True`` or a :exc:`ValueError` is raised. The default
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behavior uses the same scheme as the current request, or
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``PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME`` from the :ref:`app configuration <config>` if no
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request context is available. As of Werkzeug 0.10, this also can be set
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to an empty string to build protocol-relative URLs.
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:param _anchor: if provided this is added as anchor to the URL.
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:param _method: if provided this explicitly specifies an HTTP method.
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"""
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appctx = _app_ctx_stack.top
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reqctx = _request_ctx_stack.top
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if appctx is None:
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raise RuntimeError(
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'Attempted to generate a URL without the application context being'
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' pushed. This has to be executed when application context is'
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' available.'
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)
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# If request specific information is available we have some extra
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# features that support "relative" URLs.
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if reqctx is not None:
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url_adapter = reqctx.url_adapter
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blueprint_name = request.blueprint
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if endpoint[:1] == '.':
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if blueprint_name is not None:
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endpoint = blueprint_name + endpoint
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else:
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endpoint = endpoint[1:]
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external = values.pop('_external', False)
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# Otherwise go with the url adapter from the appctx and make
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# the URLs external by default.
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else:
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url_adapter = appctx.url_adapter
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if url_adapter is None:
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raise RuntimeError(
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'Application was not able to create a URL adapter for request'
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' independent URL generation. You might be able to fix this by'
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' setting the SERVER_NAME config variable.'
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)
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external = values.pop('_external', True)
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anchor = values.pop('_anchor', None)
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method = values.pop('_method', None)
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scheme = values.pop('_scheme', None)
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appctx.app.inject_url_defaults(endpoint, values)
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# This is not the best way to deal with this but currently the
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# underlying Werkzeug router does not support overriding the scheme on
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# a per build call basis.
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old_scheme = None
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if scheme is not None:
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if not external:
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raise ValueError('When specifying _scheme, _external must be True')
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old_scheme = url_adapter.url_scheme
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url_adapter.url_scheme = scheme
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try:
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try:
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rv = url_adapter.build(endpoint, values, method=method,
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force_external=external)
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finally:
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if old_scheme is not None:
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url_adapter.url_scheme = old_scheme
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except BuildError as error:
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# We need to inject the values again so that the app callback can
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# deal with that sort of stuff.
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values['_external'] = external
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values['_anchor'] = anchor
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values['_method'] = method
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values['_scheme'] = scheme
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return appctx.app.handle_url_build_error(error, endpoint, values)
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if anchor is not None:
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rv += '#' + url_quote(anchor)
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return rv
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def get_template_attribute(template_name, attribute):
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"""Loads a macro (or variable) a template exports. This can be used to
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invoke a macro from within Python code. If you for example have a
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template named :file:`_cider.html` with the following contents:
|
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|
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.. sourcecode:: html+jinja
|
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|
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|
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{% macro hello(name) %}Hello {{ name }}!{% endmacro %}
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|
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|
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|
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You can access this from Python code like this::
|
||
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|
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hello = get_template_attribute('_cider.html', 'hello')
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return hello('World')
|
||
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|
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|
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.. versionadded:: 0.2
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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:param template_name: the name of the template
|
||
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:param attribute: the name of the variable of macro to access
|
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|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
return getattr(current_app.jinja_env.get_template(template_name).module,
|
||
|
|
attribute)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def flash(message, category='message'):
|
||
|
|
"""Flashes a message to the next request. In order to remove the
|
||
|
|
flashed message from the session and to display it to the user,
|
||
|
|
the template has to call :func:`get_flashed_messages`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.3
|
||
|
|
`category` parameter added.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param message: the message to be flashed.
|
||
|
|
:param category: the category for the message. The following values
|
||
|
|
are recommended: ``'message'`` for any kind of message,
|
||
|
|
``'error'`` for errors, ``'info'`` for information
|
||
|
|
messages and ``'warning'`` for warnings. However any
|
||
|
|
kind of string can be used as category.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
# Original implementation:
|
||
|
|
#
|
||
|
|
# session.setdefault('_flashes', []).append((category, message))
|
||
|
|
#
|
||
|
|
# This assumed that changes made to mutable structures in the session are
|
||
|
|
# always in sync with the session object, which is not true for session
|
||
|
|
# implementations that use external storage for keeping their keys/values.
|
||
|
|
flashes = session.get('_flashes', [])
|
||
|
|
flashes.append((category, message))
|
||
|
|
session['_flashes'] = flashes
|
||
|
|
message_flashed.send(current_app._get_current_object(),
|
||
|
|
message=message, category=category)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def get_flashed_messages(with_categories=False, category_filter=[]):
|
||
|
|
"""Pulls all flashed messages from the session and returns them.
|
||
|
|
Further calls in the same request to the function will return
|
||
|
|
the same messages. By default just the messages are returned,
|
||
|
|
but when `with_categories` is set to ``True``, the return value will
|
||
|
|
be a list of tuples in the form ``(category, message)`` instead.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Filter the flashed messages to one or more categories by providing those
|
||
|
|
categories in `category_filter`. This allows rendering categories in
|
||
|
|
separate html blocks. The `with_categories` and `category_filter`
|
||
|
|
arguments are distinct:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* `with_categories` controls whether categories are returned with message
|
||
|
|
text (``True`` gives a tuple, where ``False`` gives just the message text).
|
||
|
|
* `category_filter` filters the messages down to only those matching the
|
||
|
|
provided categories.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
See :ref:`message-flashing-pattern` for examples.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.3
|
||
|
|
`with_categories` parameter added.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.9
|
||
|
|
`category_filter` parameter added.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param with_categories: set to ``True`` to also receive categories.
|
||
|
|
:param category_filter: whitelist of categories to limit return values
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
flashes = _request_ctx_stack.top.flashes
|
||
|
|
if flashes is None:
|
||
|
|
_request_ctx_stack.top.flashes = flashes = session.pop('_flashes') \
|
||
|
|
if '_flashes' in session else []
|
||
|
|
if category_filter:
|
||
|
|
flashes = list(filter(lambda f: f[0] in category_filter, flashes))
|
||
|
|
if not with_categories:
|
||
|
|
return [x[1] for x in flashes]
|
||
|
|
return flashes
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def send_file(filename_or_fp, mimetype=None, as_attachment=False,
|
||
|
|
attachment_filename=None, add_etags=True,
|
||
|
|
cache_timeout=None, conditional=False, last_modified=None):
|
||
|
|
"""Sends the contents of a file to the client. This will use the
|
||
|
|
most efficient method available and configured. By default it will
|
||
|
|
try to use the WSGI server's file_wrapper support. Alternatively
|
||
|
|
you can set the application's :attr:`~Flask.use_x_sendfile` attribute
|
||
|
|
to ``True`` to directly emit an ``X-Sendfile`` header. This however
|
||
|
|
requires support of the underlying webserver for ``X-Sendfile``.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
By default it will try to guess the mimetype for you, but you can
|
||
|
|
also explicitly provide one. For extra security you probably want
|
||
|
|
to send certain files as attachment (HTML for instance). The mimetype
|
||
|
|
guessing requires a `filename` or an `attachment_filename` to be
|
||
|
|
provided.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
ETags will also be attached automatically if a `filename` is provided. You
|
||
|
|
can turn this off by setting `add_etags=False`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If `conditional=True` and `filename` is provided, this method will try to
|
||
|
|
upgrade the response stream to support range requests. This will allow
|
||
|
|
the request to be answered with partial content response.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Please never pass filenames to this function from user sources;
|
||
|
|
you should use :func:`send_from_directory` instead.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.2
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.5
|
||
|
|
The `add_etags`, `cache_timeout` and `conditional` parameters were
|
||
|
|
added. The default behavior is now to attach etags.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.7
|
||
|
|
mimetype guessing and etag support for file objects was
|
||
|
|
deprecated because it was unreliable. Pass a filename if you are
|
||
|
|
able to, otherwise attach an etag yourself. This functionality
|
||
|
|
will be removed in Flask 1.0
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.9
|
||
|
|
cache_timeout pulls its default from application config, when None.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.12
|
||
|
|
The filename is no longer automatically inferred from file objects. If
|
||
|
|
you want to use automatic mimetype and etag support, pass a filepath via
|
||
|
|
`filename_or_fp` or `attachment_filename`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.12
|
||
|
|
The `attachment_filename` is preferred over `filename` for MIME-type
|
||
|
|
detection.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 1.0
|
||
|
|
UTF-8 filenames, as specified in `RFC 2231`_, are supported.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. _RFC 2231: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2231#section-4
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param filename_or_fp: the filename of the file to send.
|
||
|
|
This is relative to the :attr:`~Flask.root_path`
|
||
|
|
if a relative path is specified.
|
||
|
|
Alternatively a file object might be provided in
|
||
|
|
which case ``X-Sendfile`` might not work and fall
|
||
|
|
back to the traditional method. Make sure that the
|
||
|
|
file pointer is positioned at the start of data to
|
||
|
|
send before calling :func:`send_file`.
|
||
|
|
:param mimetype: the mimetype of the file if provided. If a file path is
|
||
|
|
given, auto detection happens as fallback, otherwise an
|
||
|
|
error will be raised.
|
||
|
|
:param as_attachment: set to ``True`` if you want to send this file with
|
||
|
|
a ``Content-Disposition: attachment`` header.
|
||
|
|
:param attachment_filename: the filename for the attachment if it
|
||
|
|
differs from the file's filename.
|
||
|
|
:param add_etags: set to ``False`` to disable attaching of etags.
|
||
|
|
:param conditional: set to ``True`` to enable conditional responses.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param cache_timeout: the timeout in seconds for the headers. When ``None``
|
||
|
|
(default), this value is set by
|
||
|
|
:meth:`~Flask.get_send_file_max_age` of
|
||
|
|
:data:`~flask.current_app`.
|
||
|
|
:param last_modified: set the ``Last-Modified`` header to this value,
|
||
|
|
a :class:`~datetime.datetime` or timestamp.
|
||
|
|
If a file was passed, this overrides its mtime.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
mtime = None
|
||
|
|
fsize = None
|
||
|
|
if isinstance(filename_or_fp, string_types):
|
||
|
|
filename = filename_or_fp
|
||
|
|
if not os.path.isabs(filename):
|
||
|
|
filename = os.path.join(current_app.root_path, filename)
|
||
|
|
file = None
|
||
|
|
if attachment_filename is None:
|
||
|
|
attachment_filename = os.path.basename(filename)
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
file = filename_or_fp
|
||
|
|
filename = None
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if mimetype is None:
|
||
|
|
if attachment_filename is not None:
|
||
|
|
mimetype = mimetypes.guess_type(attachment_filename)[0] \
|
||
|
|
or 'application/octet-stream'
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if mimetype is None:
|
||
|
|
raise ValueError(
|
||
|
|
'Unable to infer MIME-type because no filename is available. '
|
||
|
|
'Please set either `attachment_filename`, pass a filepath to '
|
||
|
|
'`filename_or_fp` or set your own MIME-type via `mimetype`.'
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
headers = Headers()
|
||
|
|
if as_attachment:
|
||
|
|
if attachment_filename is None:
|
||
|
|
raise TypeError('filename unavailable, required for '
|
||
|
|
'sending as attachment')
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
attachment_filename = attachment_filename.encode('latin-1')
|
||
|
|
except UnicodeEncodeError:
|
||
|
|
filenames = {
|
||
|
|
'filename': unicodedata.normalize(
|
||
|
|
'NFKD', attachment_filename).encode('latin-1', 'ignore'),
|
||
|
|
'filename*': "UTF-8''%s" % url_quote(attachment_filename),
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
filenames = {'filename': attachment_filename}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
headers.add('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', **filenames)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if current_app.use_x_sendfile and filename:
|
||
|
|
if file is not None:
|
||
|
|
file.close()
|
||
|
|
headers['X-Sendfile'] = filename
|
||
|
|
fsize = os.path.getsize(filename)
|
||
|
|
headers['Content-Length'] = fsize
|
||
|
|
data = None
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
if file is None:
|
||
|
|
file = open(filename, 'rb')
|
||
|
|
mtime = os.path.getmtime(filename)
|
||
|
|
fsize = os.path.getsize(filename)
|
||
|
|
headers['Content-Length'] = fsize
|
||
|
|
data = wrap_file(request.environ, file)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
rv = current_app.response_class(data, mimetype=mimetype, headers=headers,
|
||
|
|
direct_passthrough=True)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if last_modified is not None:
|
||
|
|
rv.last_modified = last_modified
|
||
|
|
elif mtime is not None:
|
||
|
|
rv.last_modified = mtime
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
rv.cache_control.public = True
|
||
|
|
if cache_timeout is None:
|
||
|
|
cache_timeout = current_app.get_send_file_max_age(filename)
|
||
|
|
if cache_timeout is not None:
|
||
|
|
rv.cache_control.max_age = cache_timeout
|
||
|
|
rv.expires = int(time() + cache_timeout)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if add_etags and filename is not None:
|
||
|
|
from warnings import warn
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
rv.set_etag('%s-%s-%s' % (
|
||
|
|
os.path.getmtime(filename),
|
||
|
|
os.path.getsize(filename),
|
||
|
|
adler32(
|
||
|
|
filename.encode('utf-8') if isinstance(filename, text_type)
|
||
|
|
else filename
|
||
|
|
) & 0xffffffff
|
||
|
|
))
|
||
|
|
except OSError:
|
||
|
|
warn('Access %s failed, maybe it does not exist, so ignore etags in '
|
||
|
|
'headers' % filename, stacklevel=2)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if conditional:
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
rv = rv.make_conditional(request, accept_ranges=True,
|
||
|
|
complete_length=fsize)
|
||
|
|
except RequestedRangeNotSatisfiable:
|
||
|
|
if file is not None:
|
||
|
|
file.close()
|
||
|
|
raise
|
||
|
|
# make sure we don't send x-sendfile for servers that
|
||
|
|
# ignore the 304 status code for x-sendfile.
|
||
|
|
if rv.status_code == 304:
|
||
|
|
rv.headers.pop('x-sendfile', None)
|
||
|
|
return rv
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def safe_join(directory, *pathnames):
|
||
|
|
"""Safely join `directory` and zero or more untrusted `pathnames`
|
||
|
|
components.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Example usage::
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
@app.route('/wiki/<path:filename>')
|
||
|
|
def wiki_page(filename):
|
||
|
|
filename = safe_join(app.config['WIKI_FOLDER'], filename)
|
||
|
|
with open(filename, 'rb') as fd:
|
||
|
|
content = fd.read() # Read and process the file content...
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param directory: the trusted base directory.
|
||
|
|
:param pathnames: the untrusted pathnames relative to that directory.
|
||
|
|
:raises: :class:`~werkzeug.exceptions.NotFound` if one or more passed
|
||
|
|
paths fall out of its boundaries.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
parts = [directory]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
for filename in pathnames:
|
||
|
|
if filename != '':
|
||
|
|
filename = posixpath.normpath(filename)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if (
|
||
|
|
any(sep in filename for sep in _os_alt_seps)
|
||
|
|
or os.path.isabs(filename)
|
||
|
|
or filename == '..'
|
||
|
|
or filename.startswith('../')
|
||
|
|
):
|
||
|
|
raise NotFound()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
parts.append(filename)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return posixpath.join(*parts)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def send_from_directory(directory, filename, **options):
|
||
|
|
"""Send a file from a given directory with :func:`send_file`. This
|
||
|
|
is a secure way to quickly expose static files from an upload folder
|
||
|
|
or something similar.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Example usage::
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
@app.route('/uploads/<path:filename>')
|
||
|
|
def download_file(filename):
|
||
|
|
return send_from_directory(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'],
|
||
|
|
filename, as_attachment=True)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. admonition:: Sending files and Performance
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
It is strongly recommended to activate either ``X-Sendfile`` support in
|
||
|
|
your webserver or (if no authentication happens) to tell the webserver
|
||
|
|
to serve files for the given path on its own without calling into the
|
||
|
|
web application for improved performance.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.5
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param directory: the directory where all the files are stored.
|
||
|
|
:param filename: the filename relative to that directory to
|
||
|
|
download.
|
||
|
|
:param options: optional keyword arguments that are directly
|
||
|
|
forwarded to :func:`send_file`.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
filename = safe_join(directory, filename)
|
||
|
|
if not os.path.isabs(filename):
|
||
|
|
filename = os.path.join(current_app.root_path, filename)
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
if not os.path.isfile(filename):
|
||
|
|
raise NotFound()
|
||
|
|
except (TypeError, ValueError):
|
||
|
|
raise BadRequest()
|
||
|
|
options.setdefault('conditional', True)
|
||
|
|
return send_file(filename, **options)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def get_root_path(import_name):
|
||
|
|
"""Returns the path to a package or cwd if that cannot be found. This
|
||
|
|
returns the path of a package or the folder that contains a module.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Not to be confused with the package path returned by :func:`find_package`.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
# Module already imported and has a file attribute. Use that first.
|
||
|
|
mod = sys.modules.get(import_name)
|
||
|
|
if mod is not None and hasattr(mod, '__file__'):
|
||
|
|
return os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(mod.__file__))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Next attempt: check the loader.
|
||
|
|
loader = pkgutil.get_loader(import_name)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Loader does not exist or we're referring to an unloaded main module
|
||
|
|
# or a main module without path (interactive sessions), go with the
|
||
|
|
# current working directory.
|
||
|
|
if loader is None or import_name == '__main__':
|
||
|
|
return os.getcwd()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# For .egg, zipimporter does not have get_filename until Python 2.7.
|
||
|
|
# Some other loaders might exhibit the same behavior.
|
||
|
|
if hasattr(loader, 'get_filename'):
|
||
|
|
filepath = loader.get_filename(import_name)
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
# Fall back to imports.
|
||
|
|
__import__(import_name)
|
||
|
|
mod = sys.modules[import_name]
|
||
|
|
filepath = getattr(mod, '__file__', None)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# If we don't have a filepath it might be because we are a
|
||
|
|
# namespace package. In this case we pick the root path from the
|
||
|
|
# first module that is contained in our package.
|
||
|
|
if filepath is None:
|
||
|
|
raise RuntimeError('No root path can be found for the provided '
|
||
|
|
'module "%s". This can happen because the '
|
||
|
|
'module came from an import hook that does '
|
||
|
|
'not provide file name information or because '
|
||
|
|
'it\'s a namespace package. In this case '
|
||
|
|
'the root path needs to be explicitly '
|
||
|
|
'provided.' % import_name)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# filepath is import_name.py for a module, or __init__.py for a package.
|
||
|
|
return os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(filepath))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def _matching_loader_thinks_module_is_package(loader, mod_name):
|
||
|
|
"""Given the loader that loaded a module and the module this function
|
||
|
|
attempts to figure out if the given module is actually a package.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
# If the loader can tell us if something is a package, we can
|
||
|
|
# directly ask the loader.
|
||
|
|
if hasattr(loader, 'is_package'):
|
||
|
|
return loader.is_package(mod_name)
|
||
|
|
# importlib's namespace loaders do not have this functionality but
|
||
|
|
# all the modules it loads are packages, so we can take advantage of
|
||
|
|
# this information.
|
||
|
|
elif (loader.__class__.__module__ == '_frozen_importlib' and
|
||
|
|
loader.__class__.__name__ == 'NamespaceLoader'):
|
||
|
|
return True
|
||
|
|
# Otherwise we need to fail with an error that explains what went
|
||
|
|
# wrong.
|
||
|
|
raise AttributeError(
|
||
|
|
('%s.is_package() method is missing but is required by Flask of '
|
||
|
|
'PEP 302 import hooks. If you do not use import hooks and '
|
||
|
|
'you encounter this error please file a bug against Flask.') %
|
||
|
|
loader.__class__.__name__)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def find_package(import_name):
|
||
|
|
"""Finds a package and returns the prefix (or None if the package is
|
||
|
|
not installed) as well as the folder that contains the package or
|
||
|
|
module as a tuple. The package path returned is the module that would
|
||
|
|
have to be added to the pythonpath in order to make it possible to
|
||
|
|
import the module. The prefix is the path below which a UNIX like
|
||
|
|
folder structure exists (lib, share etc.).
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
root_mod_name = import_name.split('.')[0]
|
||
|
|
loader = pkgutil.get_loader(root_mod_name)
|
||
|
|
if loader is None or import_name == '__main__':
|
||
|
|
# import name is not found, or interactive/main module
|
||
|
|
package_path = os.getcwd()
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
# For .egg, zipimporter does not have get_filename until Python 2.7.
|
||
|
|
if hasattr(loader, 'get_filename'):
|
||
|
|
filename = loader.get_filename(root_mod_name)
|
||
|
|
elif hasattr(loader, 'archive'):
|
||
|
|
# zipimporter's loader.archive points to the .egg or .zip
|
||
|
|
# archive filename is dropped in call to dirname below.
|
||
|
|
filename = loader.archive
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
# At least one loader is missing both get_filename and archive:
|
||
|
|
# Google App Engine's HardenedModulesHook
|
||
|
|
#
|
||
|
|
# Fall back to imports.
|
||
|
|
__import__(import_name)
|
||
|
|
filename = sys.modules[import_name].__file__
|
||
|
|
package_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(filename))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# In case the root module is a package we need to chop of the
|
||
|
|
# rightmost part. This needs to go through a helper function
|
||
|
|
# because of python 3.3 namespace packages.
|
||
|
|
if _matching_loader_thinks_module_is_package(
|
||
|
|
loader, root_mod_name):
|
||
|
|
package_path = os.path.dirname(package_path)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
site_parent, site_folder = os.path.split(package_path)
|
||
|
|
py_prefix = os.path.abspath(sys.prefix)
|
||
|
|
if package_path.startswith(py_prefix):
|
||
|
|
return py_prefix, package_path
|
||
|
|
elif site_folder.lower() == 'site-packages':
|
||
|
|
parent, folder = os.path.split(site_parent)
|
||
|
|
# Windows like installations
|
||
|
|
if folder.lower() == 'lib':
|
||
|
|
base_dir = parent
|
||
|
|
# UNIX like installations
|
||
|
|
elif os.path.basename(parent).lower() == 'lib':
|
||
|
|
base_dir = os.path.dirname(parent)
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
base_dir = site_parent
|
||
|
|
return base_dir, package_path
|
||
|
|
return None, package_path
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
class locked_cached_property(object):
|
||
|
|
"""A decorator that converts a function into a lazy property. The
|
||
|
|
function wrapped is called the first time to retrieve the result
|
||
|
|
and then that calculated result is used the next time you access
|
||
|
|
the value. Works like the one in Werkzeug but has a lock for
|
||
|
|
thread safety.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def __init__(self, func, name=None, doc=None):
|
||
|
|
self.__name__ = name or func.__name__
|
||
|
|
self.__module__ = func.__module__
|
||
|
|
self.__doc__ = doc or func.__doc__
|
||
|
|
self.func = func
|
||
|
|
self.lock = RLock()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
|
||
|
|
if obj is None:
|
||
|
|
return self
|
||
|
|
with self.lock:
|
||
|
|
value = obj.__dict__.get(self.__name__, _missing)
|
||
|
|
if value is _missing:
|
||
|
|
value = self.func(obj)
|
||
|
|
obj.__dict__[self.__name__] = value
|
||
|
|
return value
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
class _PackageBoundObject(object):
|
||
|
|
#: The name of the package or module that this app belongs to. Do not
|
||
|
|
#: change this once it is set by the constructor.
|
||
|
|
import_name = None
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#: Location of the template files to be added to the template lookup.
|
||
|
|
#: ``None`` if templates should not be added.
|
||
|
|
template_folder = None
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#: Absolute path to the package on the filesystem. Used to look up
|
||
|
|
#: resources contained in the package.
|
||
|
|
root_path = None
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def __init__(self, import_name, template_folder=None, root_path=None):
|
||
|
|
self.import_name = import_name
|
||
|
|
self.template_folder = template_folder
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if root_path is None:
|
||
|
|
root_path = get_root_path(self.import_name)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self.root_path = root_path
|
||
|
|
self._static_folder = None
|
||
|
|
self._static_url_path = None
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def _get_static_folder(self):
|
||
|
|
if self._static_folder is not None:
|
||
|
|
return os.path.join(self.root_path, self._static_folder)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def _set_static_folder(self, value):
|
||
|
|
self._static_folder = value
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
static_folder = property(
|
||
|
|
_get_static_folder, _set_static_folder,
|
||
|
|
doc='The absolute path to the configured static folder.'
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
del _get_static_folder, _set_static_folder
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def _get_static_url_path(self):
|
||
|
|
if self._static_url_path is not None:
|
||
|
|
return self._static_url_path
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if self.static_folder is not None:
|
||
|
|
return '/' + os.path.basename(self.static_folder)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def _set_static_url_path(self, value):
|
||
|
|
self._static_url_path = value
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
static_url_path = property(
|
||
|
|
_get_static_url_path, _set_static_url_path,
|
||
|
|
doc='The URL prefix that the static route will be registered for.'
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
del _get_static_url_path, _set_static_url_path
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
@property
|
||
|
|
def has_static_folder(self):
|
||
|
|
"""This is ``True`` if the package bound object's container has a
|
||
|
|
folder for static files.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.5
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
return self.static_folder is not None
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
@locked_cached_property
|
||
|
|
def jinja_loader(self):
|
||
|
|
"""The Jinja loader for this package bound object.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.5
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
if self.template_folder is not None:
|
||
|
|
return FileSystemLoader(os.path.join(self.root_path,
|
||
|
|
self.template_folder))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def get_send_file_max_age(self, filename):
|
||
|
|
"""Provides default cache_timeout for the :func:`send_file` functions.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
By default, this function returns ``SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT`` from
|
||
|
|
the configuration of :data:`~flask.current_app`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Static file functions such as :func:`send_from_directory` use this
|
||
|
|
function, and :func:`send_file` calls this function on
|
||
|
|
:data:`~flask.current_app` when the given cache_timeout is ``None``. If a
|
||
|
|
cache_timeout is given in :func:`send_file`, that timeout is used;
|
||
|
|
otherwise, this method is called.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
This allows subclasses to change the behavior when sending files based
|
||
|
|
on the filename. For example, to set the cache timeout for .js files
|
||
|
|
to 60 seconds::
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
class MyFlask(flask.Flask):
|
||
|
|
def get_send_file_max_age(self, name):
|
||
|
|
if name.lower().endswith('.js'):
|
||
|
|
return 60
|
||
|
|
return flask.Flask.get_send_file_max_age(self, name)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.9
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
return total_seconds(current_app.send_file_max_age_default)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def send_static_file(self, filename):
|
||
|
|
"""Function used internally to send static files from the static
|
||
|
|
folder to the browser.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.5
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
if not self.has_static_folder:
|
||
|
|
raise RuntimeError('No static folder for this object')
|
||
|
|
# Ensure get_send_file_max_age is called in all cases.
|
||
|
|
# Here, we ensure get_send_file_max_age is called for Blueprints.
|
||
|
|
cache_timeout = self.get_send_file_max_age(filename)
|
||
|
|
return send_from_directory(self.static_folder, filename,
|
||
|
|
cache_timeout=cache_timeout)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def open_resource(self, resource, mode='rb'):
|
||
|
|
"""Opens a resource from the application's resource folder. To see
|
||
|
|
how this works, consider the following folder structure::
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
/myapplication.py
|
||
|
|
/schema.sql
|
||
|
|
/static
|
||
|
|
/style.css
|
||
|
|
/templates
|
||
|
|
/layout.html
|
||
|
|
/index.html
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you want to open the :file:`schema.sql` file you would do the
|
||
|
|
following::
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
with app.open_resource('schema.sql') as f:
|
||
|
|
contents = f.read()
|
||
|
|
do_something_with(contents)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param resource: the name of the resource. To access resources within
|
||
|
|
subfolders use forward slashes as separator.
|
||
|
|
:param mode: resource file opening mode, default is 'rb'.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
if mode not in ('r', 'rb'):
|
||
|
|
raise ValueError('Resources can only be opened for reading')
|
||
|
|
return open(os.path.join(self.root_path, resource), mode)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def total_seconds(td):
|
||
|
|
"""Returns the total seconds from a timedelta object.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param timedelta td: the timedelta to be converted in seconds
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:returns: number of seconds
|
||
|
|
:rtype: int
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
return td.days * 60 * 60 * 24 + td.seconds
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def is_ip(value):
|
||
|
|
"""Determine if the given string is an IP address.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Python 2 on Windows doesn't provide ``inet_pton``, so this only
|
||
|
|
checks IPv4 addresses in that environment.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param value: value to check
|
||
|
|
:type value: str
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:return: True if string is an IP address
|
||
|
|
:rtype: bool
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
if PY2 and os.name == 'nt':
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
socket.inet_aton(value)
|
||
|
|
return True
|
||
|
|
except socket.error:
|
||
|
|
return False
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
for family in (socket.AF_INET, socket.AF_INET6):
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
socket.inet_pton(family, value)
|
||
|
|
except socket.error:
|
||
|
|
pass
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
return True
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return False
|