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Copyright 2010, Google Inc.
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*/

package com.google.refine;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;

import org.apache.commons.lang.exception.ExceptionUtils;
import org.apache.tools.tar.TarOutputStream;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import com.google.refine.history.HistoryEntryManager;
import com.google.refine.model.Project;
import com.google.refine.preference.PreferenceStore;
import com.google.refine.preference.TopList;

/**
 * ProjectManager is responsible for loading and saving the workspace and projects.
 *
 *
 */
public abstract class ProjectManager {
    // last n expressions used across all projects
    static protected final int s_expressionHistoryMax = 100;

    // If a project has been idle this long, flush it from memory
    static protected final int PROJECT_FLUSH_DELAY = 1000 * 60 * 15; // 15 minutes
    
    // Don't spend more than this much time saving projects if doing a quick save
    static protected final int QUICK_SAVE_MAX_TIME = 1000 * 30; // 30 secs


    protected Map<Long, ProjectMetadata> _projectsMetadata;
    protected PreferenceStore            _preferenceStore;

    final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger("ProjectManager");

    /**
     *  What caches the joins between projects.
     */
    transient protected InterProjectModel _interProjectModel = new InterProjectModel();

    /**
     *  Flag for heavy operations like creating or importing projects.  Workspace saves are skipped while it's set.
     */
    transient protected int _busy = 0;

    /**
     *  While each project's metadata is loaded completely at start-up, each project's raw data
     *  is loaded only when the project is accessed by the user. This is because project
     *  metadata is tiny compared to raw project data. This hash map from project ID to project
     *  is more like a last accessed-last out cache.
     */
    transient protected Map<Long, Project> _projects;

    static public ProjectManager singleton;

    protected ProjectManager(){
        _projectsMetadata = new HashMap<Long, ProjectMetadata>();
        _preferenceStore = new PreferenceStore();
        _projects = new HashMap<Long, Project>();

        preparePreferenceStore(_preferenceStore);
    }
    
    public void dispose() {
        save(true); // complete save

        for (Project project : _projects.values()) {
            if (project != null) {
                project.dispose();
            }
        }
        
        _projects.clear();
        _projectsMetadata.clear();
    }

    /**
     * Registers the project in the memory of the current session
     * @param project
     * @param projectMetadata
     */
    public void registerProject(Project project, ProjectMetadata projectMetadata) {
        synchronized (this) {
            _projects.put(project.id, project);
            _projectsMetadata.put(project.id, projectMetadata);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Load project metadata from data storage
     * @param projectID
     * @return
     */
    public abstract boolean loadProjectMetadata(long projectID);

    /**
     * Loads a project from the data store into memory
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    protected abstract Project loadProject(long id);

    /**
     * Import project from a Refine archive
     * @param projectID
     * @param inputStream
     * @param gziped
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public abstract void importProject(long projectID, InputStream inputStream, boolean gziped) throws IOException;

    /**
     * Export project to a Refine archive
     * @param projectId
     * @param tos
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public abstract void exportProject(long projectId, TarOutputStream tos) throws IOException;


    /**
     * Saves a project and its metadata to the data store
     * @param id
     */
    public void ensureProjectSaved(long id) {
        synchronized(this){
            ProjectMetadata metadata = this.getProjectMetadata(id);
            if (metadata != null) {
                try {
                    saveMetadata(metadata, id);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }//FIXME what should be the behaviour if metadata is null? i.e. not found

            Project project = getProject(id);
            if (project != null && metadata != null && metadata.getModified().after(project.getLastSave())) {
                try {
                    saveProject(project);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }//FIXME what should be the behaviour if project is null? i.e. not found or loaded.
            //FIXME what should happen if the metadata is found, but not the project? or vice versa?
        }

    }

    /**
     * Save project metadata to the data store
     * @param metadata
     * @param projectId
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public abstract void saveMetadata(ProjectMetadata metadata, long projectId) throws Exception;

    /**
     * Save project to the data store
     * @param project
     * @throws IOException 
     */
    protected abstract void saveProject(Project project) throws IOException;

    /**
     * Save workspace and all projects to data store
     * @param allModified
     */
    public void save(boolean allModified) {
        if (allModified || _busy == 0) {
            saveProjects(allModified);
            saveWorkspace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Saves the workspace to the data store
     */
    protected abstract void saveWorkspace();

    /**
     * A utility class to prioritize projects for saving, depending on how long ago
     * they have been changed but have not been saved.
     */
    static protected class SaveRecord {
        final Project project;
        final long overdue;

        SaveRecord(Project project, long overdue) {
            this.project = project;
            this.overdue = overdue;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Saves all projects to the data store
     * @param allModified
     */
    protected void saveProjects(boolean allModified) {
        List<SaveRecord> records = new ArrayList<SaveRecord>();
        Date startTimeOfSave = new Date();
        
        synchronized (this) {
            for (long id : _projectsMetadata.keySet()) {
                ProjectMetadata metadata = getProjectMetadata(id);
                Project project = _projects.get(id); // don't call getProject() as that will load the project.

                if (project != null) {
                    boolean hasUnsavedChanges =
                        metadata.getModified().getTime() >= project.getLastSave().getTime();
                    // We use >= instead of just > to avoid the case where a newly created project
                    // has the same modified and last save times, resulting in the project not getting
                    // saved at all.

                    if (hasUnsavedChanges) {
                        long msecsOverdue = startTimeOfSave.getTime() - project.getLastSave().getTime();

                        records.add(new SaveRecord(project, msecsOverdue));

                    } else if (!project.getProcessManager().hasPending()
                              && startTimeOfSave.getTime() - project.getLastSave().getTime() > PROJECT_FLUSH_DELAY) {
                        
                        /*
                         *  It's been a while since the project was last saved and it hasn't been
                         *  modified. We can safely remove it from the cache to save some memory.
                         */
                        _projects.remove(id).dispose();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        if (records.size() > 0) {
            Collections.sort(records, new Comparator<SaveRecord>() {
                @Override
                public int compare(SaveRecord o1, SaveRecord o2) {
                    if (o1.overdue < o2.overdue) {
                        return 1;
                    } else if (o1.overdue > o2.overdue) {
                        return -1;
                    } else {
                        return 0;
                    }
                }
            });

            logger.info(allModified ?
                "Saving all modified projects ..." :
                "Saving some modified projects ..."
            );

            for (int i = 0;
                 i < records.size() &&
                    (allModified || (new Date().getTime() - startTimeOfSave.getTime() < QUICK_SAVE_MAX_TIME));
                 i++) {

                try {
                    saveProject(records.get(i).project);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    // In case we're running low on memory, free as much as we can
                    disposeUnmodifiedProjects();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Flush all unmodified projects from memory.
     */
    protected void disposeUnmodifiedProjects() {
        synchronized (this) {
            for (long id : _projectsMetadata.keySet()) {
                ProjectMetadata metadata = getProjectMetadata(id);
                Project project = _projects.get(id);
                if (project != null && !project.getProcessManager().hasPending() 
                        && metadata.getModified().getTime() < project.getLastSave().getTime()) {
                        _projects.remove(id).dispose();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets the InterProjectModel from memory
     */
    public InterProjectModel getInterProjectModel() {
        return _interProjectModel;
    }


    /**
     * Gets the project metadata from memory
     * Requires that the metadata has already been loaded from the data store
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public ProjectMetadata getProjectMetadata(long id) {
        return _projectsMetadata.get(id);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the project metadata from memory
     * Requires that the metadata has already been loaded from the data store
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    public ProjectMetadata getProjectMetadata(String name) {
        for (ProjectMetadata pm : _projectsMetadata.values()) {
            if (pm.getName().equals(name)) {
                return pm;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Tries to find the project id when given a project name
     * Requires that all project metadata exists has been loaded to memory from the data store
     * @param name
     *     The name of the project
     * @return
     *     The id of the project, or -1 if it cannot be found
     */
    public long getProjectID(String name) {
        for (Entry<Long, ProjectMetadata> entry : _projectsMetadata.entrySet()) {
            if (entry.getValue().getName().equals(name)) {
                return entry.getKey();
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }
    
    /**
     * A valid user meta data definition should have name and display property
     * @param placeHolderJsonObj
     * @return
     */
    private boolean isValidUserMetadataDefinition(JSONObject placeHolderJsonObj) {
        return (placeHolderJsonObj != null &&
                placeHolderJsonObj.has("name") &&
            placeHolderJsonObj.has("display"));
    }
    
    public void mergeEmptyUserMetadata(ProjectMetadata metadata) {
        if (metadata == null)
            return;
        
        // place holder
        JSONArray userMetadataPreference = null;
        // actual metadata for project
        JSONArray jsonObjArray = metadata.getUserMetadata();
        
        initDisplay(jsonObjArray);
        
        try {
            String userMeta = (String)_preferenceStore.get(PreferenceStore.USER_METADATA_KEY);
            if (userMeta == null)
                return;
            userMetadataPreference = new JSONArray(userMeta);
        } catch (JSONException e1) {
            logger.warn("wrong definition of userMetadata format. Please use form [{\"name\": \"client name\", \"display\":true}, {\"name\": \"progress\", \"display\":false}]");
            logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getFullStackTrace(e1));
        }
        
        for (int index = 0; index < userMetadataPreference.length(); index++) {
            try {
                boolean found = false;
                JSONObject placeHolderJsonObj = userMetadataPreference.getJSONObject(index);
                
                if (!isValidUserMetadataDefinition(placeHolderJsonObj)) {
                    logger.warn("Skipped invalid user metadata definition" + placeHolderJsonObj.toString());
                    continue;
                }

                for (int i = 0; i < jsonObjArray.length(); i++) {
                    JSONObject jsonObj = jsonObjArray.getJSONObject(i);
                    if (jsonObj.getString("name").equals(placeHolderJsonObj.getString("name"))) {
                        found = true;
                        jsonObj.put("display", placeHolderJsonObj.get("display"));
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (!found) {
                    placeHolderJsonObj.put("value", "");
                    metadata.getUserMetadata().put(placeHolderJsonObj);
                    logger.info("Put the placeholder {} for project {}",
                            placeHolderJsonObj.getString("name"),
                            metadata.getName());
                } 
            } catch (JSONException e) {
                logger.warn("Exception when mergeEmptyUserMetadata",e);
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * honor the meta data preference
     * @param jsonObjArray
     */
    private void initDisplay(JSONArray jsonObjArray) {
        for (int index = 0; index < jsonObjArray.length(); index++) {
            try {
                JSONObject projectMetaJsonObj = jsonObjArray.getJSONObject(index);
                projectMetaJsonObj.put("display", false);
            } catch (JSONException e) {
                logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getFullStackTrace(e));
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets all the project Metadata currently held in memory.
     * @return
     */
    public Map<Long, ProjectMetadata> getAllProjectMetadata() {
        for(Project project : _projects.values()) {
            mergeEmptyUserMetadata(project.getMetadata());
        }
            
        return _projectsMetadata;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the required project from the data store
     * If project does not already exist in memory, it is loaded from the data store
     * @param id
     *     the id of the project
     * @return
     *     the project with the matching id, or null if it can't be found
     */
    public Project getProject(long id) {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (_projects.containsKey(id)) {
                return _projects.get(id);
            } else {
                Project project = loadProject(id);
                if (project != null) {
                    _projects.put(id, project);                    
                }
                return project;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets the preference store
     * @return
     */
    public PreferenceStore getPreferenceStore() {
        return _preferenceStore;
    }

    /**
     * Gets all expressions from the preference store
     * @return
     */
    public List<String> getExpressions() {
        return ((TopList) _preferenceStore.get("scripting.expressions")).getList();
    }

    /**
     * The history entry manager deals with changes
     * @return manager for handling history
     */
    public abstract HistoryEntryManager getHistoryEntryManager();


    /**
     * Remove the project from the data store
     * @param project
     */
    public void deleteProject(Project project) {
        deleteProject(project.id);
    }

    /**
     * Remove project from data store
     * @param projectID
     */
    public abstract void deleteProject(long projectID);

    /**
     * Removes project from memory
     * @param projectID
     */
    protected void removeProject(long projectID){
        if (_projects.containsKey(projectID)) {
            _projects.remove(projectID).dispose();
        }
        if (_projectsMetadata.containsKey(projectID)) {
            _projectsMetadata.remove(projectID);
        }
    }


    /**
     * Sets the flag for long running operations.  This will prevent
     * workspace saves from happening while it's set.
     * @param busy
     */
    public void setBusy(boolean busy) {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (busy) {
                _busy++;
            } else {
                _busy--;
            }
        }
    }



    /**
     * Add the latest expression to the preference store
     * @param s
     */
    public void addLatestExpression(String s) {
        synchronized (this) {
            ((TopList) _preferenceStore.get("scripting.expressions")).add(s);
        }
    }


    /**
    *
    * @param ps
    */
   static protected void preparePreferenceStore(PreferenceStore ps) {
       ps.put("scripting.expressions", new TopList(s_expressionHistoryMax));
       ps.put("scripting.starred-expressions", new TopList(Integer.MAX_VALUE));
   }
}