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<body class='typora-export'>
<div id='write' class=''><h1><a name="ćwiczenia-1403" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Ćwiczenia 14.03</span></h1><h2><a name="hello-world-w-unity" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Hello World w Unity</span></h2><p><span>(Pliki </span><a href='https://git.wmi.amu.edu.pl/andkok/Unity_artifitial_world/src/branch/cw1/materiałyHelloWorld'><span>https://git.wmi.amu.edu.pl/andkok/Unity_artifitial_world/src/branch/cw1/materiałyHelloWorld</span></a><span> )</span></p><ol start='' ><li><h3><a name="utwórz-nowy-projekt" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Utwórz nowy projekt</span></h3><ul><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Otwórz Unity Hub</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Wybierz NEW</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>3D, wpisz nazwę i wybierz lokalizacje na twoim komputerze. Zatwierdź klikając CREATE</span></p></li></ul></li><li><h3><a name="import-materiałów-tworzenie-terenu-i-prostych-krztałtów" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Import materiałów, tworzenie terenu i prostych krztałtów</span></h3><p><img src="Unityscreen.png" style="zoom:50%;" /></p><p><span>Po środku ekranu jest podgląd sceny (karta Scene). Żeby się w nim przemieszczać klikamy Q i wtedy możemy przesuwać obraz myszką (kliknięcie na prawy przycisk myszy do obracania widoku). Klawisz W zmienia w tryb przesuwania obiektów, a klawisz E jest do obracania obiektów i R zmiany rozmiarów.</span></p><p><span>W dolnej części ekranu, w karcie Project przechowujemy wszystkie modele, tekstury, skrypty i inne potrzebne elementy</span></p><ul><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>W folderze Assets kliknij prawym przyciskiem myszy i z menu wybierz Create -&gt; Folder. Nazwij folder tekstury</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Otwórz ten folder i przeciągnij do niego wcześniej pobrane tekstury</span></p><p><span>Po lewej stronie jest karta Hierarchy. W niej znajdują się wszystkie obiekty, które są w tworzonej scenie. Tam się dodaje nowe elementy sceny i ustawia zależności pomiędzy elementami</span></p><h4><a name="teren" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Teren</span></h4></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Kliknij prawym przyciskiem myszy w polu Hierarchy i wybierz 3D Object -&gt; Terrain</span></p><p><span>Po prawej stronie mamy karte inspector w której są ustawienia zaznaczonego obiektu </span></p><p><img src="ph00009.png" style="zoom:33%;" /></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Dodaj teksturę terenu</span></p><ul><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>W Inspektorze przy zakładce Terrain wybierz drugą opcje (ikonka pędzelka)</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Wybierz z menu Paint Texture</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Kliknij Edit Terrain Layers -&gt; Create Layer</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Dodaj trzy tekstury</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Urozmaić teren zaznaczając tekstury i malując przy pomocy wybranych poniżej pędzli </span></p></li></ul></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Zmień wysokości terenu</span></p><ul><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>W Inspektorze przy zakładce Terrain wybierz drugą opcje (ikonka pędzelka)</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Wybierz z menu Raise or Lower Terrain</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Podnosi się teren &quot;malując&quot; po obiekcie terenu, żeby teren obniżyć należy trzymać wciśnięty shift</span></p></li></ul><h4><a name="proste-kształty" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Proste kształty</span></h4></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>W karcie Hierarchy kliknij prawym przyciskiem myszy i wybierz 3D Object -&gt; Sphere </span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>żeby nadać kuli koloru utwórz materiał</span></p><ul><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><img src="ph00008.png" style="zoom:33%;" /></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Dodaj teksture SphereNormals do tekstur i Inspektorze wybierz texture type: Normal Map, zaznacz create from grayscale, wrap mode: mirror</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>W folderze Assets utwórz folder Materiały i kliknij prawym przyciskiem myszy i wybierz Create -&gt; Material</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><img src="ph00007.png" style="zoom:33%;" /></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Wybierz kolor Albedo i dodaj teksture do &quot;Normal Map&quot;</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Przeciągnij materiał na kulę</span></p></li></ul></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>żeby na kulę działała grawitacja i kolizja dodajemy do niej Rigid Body (Add Component -&gt; Rigidbody), i w Constrains - Freeze rotation zaznacz wszystkie (żeby nam się kula nie stoczyła)</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><img src="ph00006.png" style="zoom:33%;" /><span> </span><img src="ph00005.png" style="zoom:33%;" /></p></li></ul></li><li><h3><a name="dodawanie-skryptu-c" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Dodawanie skryptu C#</span></h3><p><span>W Unity za większość akcji i różnych interakcji odpowiadają skrypty C#</span></p><ul><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Utwórz folder skrypty i w nim Create -&gt; C# Script, nazwij go Player.</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Otwórz ten skrypt i Przed funkcją Start dodaj zmienne:</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="c#"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang="c#"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 0px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp;<span class="cm-keyword">public</span> <span class="cm-variable-3">float</span> <span class="cm-variable">speed</span> &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">0.1f</span>;</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp;<span class="cm-keyword">public</span> <span class="cm-variable-3">float</span> <span class="cm-variable">rotationSpeed</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">0.1f</span>;</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 52px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 52px;"></div></div></div></pre></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>wewnątrz funkcji Update wklej:</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="c#"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang="c#"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 0px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable-3">float</span> <span class="cm-variable">move</span> &nbsp;<span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable">Input</span>.<span class="cm-variable">GetAxis</span>(<span class="cm-string">"Vertical"</span>) <span class="cm-operator">*</span> <span class="cm-variable">speed</span>;<span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-comment">// Pobierz dane od użytkownika (klawisze strzałek lub joystick) i przeskaluj wcześniej podaną wartością (przód tył)</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable-3">float</span> <span class="cm-variable">rotate</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable">Input</span>.<span class="cm-variable">GetAxis</span>(<span class="cm-string">"Horizontal"</span>) <span class="cm-operator">*</span> <span class="cm-variable">rotationSpeed</span>; <span class="cm-comment">// Pobierz dane od użytkownika (klawisze strzałek lub joystick) i przeskaluj wcześniej podaną wartością (obrót)</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable">Vector3</span> <span class="cm-variable">moveVector</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">Vector3</span>(<span class="cm-variable">PODAJ_X</span>,<span class="cm-variable">PODAJ_Y</span>,<span class="cm-variable">PODAJ_Z</span>); &nbsp;<span class="cm-comment">// Wektor przesuwający objekt &nbsp; &nbsp; DO EDYCJI</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable">gameObject</span>.<span class="cm-variable">GetComponent</span><span class="cm-operator">&lt;</span><span class="cm-variable">Transform</span><span class="cm-operator">&gt;</span>().<span class="cm-variable">Translate</span>(<span class="cm-variable">moveVector</span>, <span class="cm-variable">Space</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Self</span>); &nbsp;<span class="cm-comment">// Funkcja przesuwająca objekt</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable">gameObject</span>.<span class="cm-variable">GetComponent</span><span class="cm-operator">&lt;</span><span class="cm-variable">Transform</span><span class="cm-operator">&gt;</span>().<span class="cm-variable">Rotate</span>(<span class="cm-variable">PODAJ_X</span>,<span class="cm-variable">PODAJ_Y</span>,<span class="cm-variable">PODAJ_Z</span>, <span class="cm-variable">Space</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Self</span>); <span class="cm-comment">// Funkcja obracająca objekt DO EDYCJI</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 312px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 312px;"></div></div></div></pre></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Zamień wartości wektora ruchu i funkcji obrotu</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Przeciągnij skrypt na object Player lub w Inspektorze obiektu Player wybierz Add Component i dodaj Player</span></p></li></ul></li><li><h3><a name="ustawianie-oświetlenia-globalne" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Ustawianie oświetlenia (globalne)</span></h3><ul><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Ustawienia oświetlenia są w Window -&gt; Rendering -&gt; Ligthning, można je sobie przypiąć w dowolnym miejscu (ja przesuwam je koło inspektora)</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><img src="ph00004.png" style="zoom:33%;" /></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Dodajemy nowe ustawienia (New Ligthning Settings)</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Można zmienić Ligthmapper na Progressive GPU</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Po dostosowaniu ustawień klikamy Generate Lightning (to może chwilę potrwać, nawet do kilku minut)</span></p></li></ul></li><li><h3><a name="tworzenie-wielu-elementów-skryptem-z-ustawianiem-ich-za-pomocą-macierzy-clock" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Tworzenie wielu elementów skryptem z ustawianiem ich za pomocą macierzy (Clock)</span></h3><p><img src="ph00001.png" style="zoom:25%;" /></p><ul><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Utwórz objekt tarczy zegara (tekstura </span><img src="clock.png" style="width:25px;" /><span> , zamień przy tworzeniu materiału Rendering mode na Transparent)</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Utwórz obiekt, który posłuży jako szablon wskazówek zegara</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Dodaj kod ustawiający zegar do obiektu tarczy zegara</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="c#" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang="c#"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 0px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><span><span>​</span>x</span></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">using</span> <span class="cm-variable">System</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Collections</span>;</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">using</span> <span class="cm-variable">System</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Collections</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Generic</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">using</span> <span class="cm-variable">System</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">using</span> <span class="cm-variable">UnityEngine</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">public</span> <span class="cm-keyword">class</span> <span class="cm-def">Clock</span> : <span class="cm-variable">MonoBehaviour</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">{</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp;<span class="cm-keyword">public</span> <span class="cm-variable">GameObject</span> <span class="cm-variable">clockHand</span>; <span class="cm-comment">// szablon wyglądu wskazówki zegara</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp;<span class="cm-keyword">void</span> <span class="cm-variable">Start</span>()</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> }</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp;<span class="cm-keyword">void</span> <span class="cm-variable">Update</span>()</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="">​</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable-3">DateTime</span> <span class="cm-variable">centuryBegin</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable-3">DateTime</span>(<span class="cm-number">2001</span>, <span class="cm-number">1</span>, <span class="cm-number">1</span>);</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable-3">DateTime</span> <span class="cm-variable">currentDate</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable-3">DateTime</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Now</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable-3">long</span> <span class="cm-variable">elapsedTicks</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable">currentDate</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Ticks</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span> <span class="cm-variable">centuryBegin</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Ticks</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable-3">TimeSpan</span> <span class="cm-variable">elapsedSpan</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable-3">TimeSpan</span>(<span class="cm-variable">elapsedTicks</span>);</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable-3">float</span> <span class="cm-variable">stopWatchTime</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable">Time</span>.<span class="cm-variable">unscaledTime</span>; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="cm-comment">// Czas w sekundach od startu aplikacji (mały zegar)</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable-3">float</span> <span class="cm-variable">nowTime</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> (<span class="cm-variable-3">float</span>)(((<span class="cm-variable-3">int</span>)(<span class="cm-variable">elapsedSpan</span>.<span class="cm-variable">TotalSeconds</span>)) <span class="cm-operator">%</span> <span class="cm-number">86400</span>); &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-comment">// Czas w sekundach od początku doby (0:00) (duży zegar)</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-comment">// Stop Watch Time:</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="">​</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable-3">float</span> <span class="cm-variable">swHour</span> &nbsp;<span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">0.0f</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable-3">float</span> <span class="cm-variable">swMinute</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">0.0f</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable-3">float</span> <span class="cm-variable">swSecond</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">0.0f</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-comment">// Global Time:</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable-3">float</span> <span class="cm-variable">hour</span> &nbsp; <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">0.0f</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable-3">float</span> <span class="cm-variable">minute</span> &nbsp;<span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">0.0f</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable-3">float</span> <span class="cm-variable">second</span> &nbsp;<span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">0.0f</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">// Ustaw pozycje, rozmiar i obrót wskazówek zegara z wykorzystaniem przekształceń macierzowych:</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-comment">// &nbsp; (Matrix4x4.Translate, Matrix4x4.Scale, Matrix4x4.Rotate) dwa pierwsze przyjmują Vector3, a obroty przyjmują Quaternion.Euler( X, Y, Z) (już bez new, bo to funkcja)</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="">​</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">transformationHsw</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable">Matrix4x4</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Translate</span>(<span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">Vector3</span>(<span class="cm-number">0</span>, <span class="cm-number">0</span>, <span class="cm-number">0</span>));</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">transformationMsw</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable">Matrix4x4</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Translate</span>(<span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">Vector3</span>(<span class="cm-number">0</span>, <span class="cm-number">0</span>, <span class="cm-number">0</span>));</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">transformationSsw</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable">Matrix4x4</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Translate</span>(<span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">Vector3</span>(<span class="cm-number">0</span>, <span class="cm-number">0</span>, <span class="cm-number">0</span>));</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="">​</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">transformationH</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable">Matrix4x4</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Translate</span>(<span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">Vector3</span>(<span class="cm-number">0</span>, <span class="cm-number">0</span>, <span class="cm-number">0</span>));</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">transformationM</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable">Matrix4x4</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Translate</span>(<span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">Vector3</span>(<span class="cm-number">0</span>, <span class="cm-number">0</span>, <span class="cm-number">0</span>));</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">transformationS</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable">Matrix4x4</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Translate</span>(<span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">Vector3</span>(<span class="cm-number">0</span>, <span class="cm-number">0</span>, <span class="cm-number">0</span>));</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="">​</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">// Create game objects instances</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="">​</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable">Graphics</span>.<span class="cm-variable">DrawMeshInstanced</span>(<span class="cm-variable">clockHand</span>.<span class="cm-variable">GetComponent</span><span class="cm-operator">&lt;</span><span class="cm-variable">MeshFilter</span><span class="cm-operator">&gt;</span>().<span class="cm-variable">mesh</span>, <span class="cm-number">0</span>, <span class="cm-variable">clockHand</span>.<span class="cm-variable">GetComponent</span><span class="cm-operator">&lt;</span><span class="cm-variable">MeshRenderer</span><span class="cm-operator">&gt;</span>().<span class="cm-variable">material</span>, <span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">Matrix4x4</span>[<span class="cm-number">6</span>]{<span class="cm-variable">transformationHsw</span>, <span class="cm-variable">transformationMsw</span>, <span class="cm-variable">transformationSsw</span>, <span class="cm-variable">transformationH</span>, <span class="cm-variable">transformationM</span>, <span class="cm-variable">transformationS</span>});</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="">​</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> }</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="">​</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 1430px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 1430px;"></div></div></div></pre></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Zaznacz w inspektorze przy Clock Hand wcześniej przygotowany objekt</span></p></li><li class='md-task-list-item task-list-item task-list-not-done' ><input type='checkbox' /><p><span>Dodaj odpowiednie przekształcenia, tak aby duży zegar pokazywał czas i mały zegar pokazywał czas od uruchomienia aplikacji</span></p></li></ul></li></ol><h1><a name="l-system" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>L-System</span></h1><p><span>W tej części zajęć skupimy się na tworzeniu L-Systemów i wykorzystaniu ich do reprezentacji zjawisk przyrodniczych.</span></p><blockquote><p><strong><span>Przypomnienie</span></strong>
<strong><span>L-System</span></strong><span> to system przepisywania i gramatyka formalna. Składa się z: symboli, które tworzą ciągi znaków; reguł produkcyjnych, które opisują na co należy przepisać dany znak; aksjomatu, czyli początkowego ciągu znaków; i mechanizmu, który tłumaczy ciąg znaków na reprezentacje geometryczną </span></p></blockquote><p><span>Bazą dla tych zajęć jest książka Algorithmic Beauty of Plants dostępna za darmo pod </span><a href='http://algorithmicbotany.org/papers/abop/abop.lowquality.pdf'><span>linkiem</span></a><span> lub </span><a href='http://algorithmicbotany.org/papers/abop/abop.pdf'><span>w wyższej jakości</span></a></p><h2><a name="składnia-l-systemów" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Składnia L-Systemów</span></h2><p><span>Projekt zawiera bibliotekę, która interpretuje L-Systemy. Ich definicję pobiera z oddzielnego pliku. Ich składnie opisuję definicja L-Systemu opisującego rozwój bakterii Anabaena znajduje się w projekcie pod ścieżką </span><code>Assets\LSystem\Anabaena.txt</code><span> i wygląda następująco:</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 0px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">#axiom</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">L</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">#rules</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">L-&gt;lR</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">R-&gt;Lr</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">l-&gt;L</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">r-&gt;R</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">#end rules</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 208px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 208px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>Plik należy zacząć od linii </span><code>#axiom</code><span>, następnie w następnej linii zamieścić ciąg początkowy. Później pomiędzy liniami </span><code>#rules</code><span> i </span><code>#end rules</code><span> umieścić instrukcje przepisywania według zasady:</span>
<code>&lt;znak przepisywany&gt;-&gt;&lt;wynik przepisania&gt;</code>
<span>każdy znak przed strzałką i po strzałce (z wyjątkiem reguł o których później) jest traktowany jako następny symbol. W przypadku kilku reguł, które dotyczą tego samego symbolu wykona się ta, która jest wyżej w pliku. Między reguły można dodawać komentarze, znakiem komentującym jest </span><code>#</code><span>. Jeżeli znak nie posiada żadnej reguły, która by go opisywała, to nie jest on zmieniany. </span></p><p><span>Odpal scenę </span><strong><span>LSystemFromFile</span></strong><span>, zaznacz </span><strong><span>LSystemController</span></strong><span> w panelu po prawej. Po lewej w polu </span><strong><span>L System Path</span></strong><span> wpisz </span><code>Assets\LSystem\Anabaena.txt</code><span> kliknij </span><strong><span>Load File</span></strong><span>, by załadować LSystem. Następnie Evaluate, by wykonać przepisanie. W scenie wyświetlą się obiekty reprezentujące symbole a w konsoli wyświetli się wynik przepisania.</span></p><p><span>Składnia wszystkich rozszerzeń jest zaprezentowana w pliku </span><code>SampleLSystem.txt</code><span> w tej chwili niektóre reguły mogą byc niezrozumiałe, ale może się on przydać później jako wzorzec. </span></p><h2><a name="turtle-graphics" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Turtle Graphics</span></h2><p><span>Turtle Graphics jest metodą tworzenia grafiki komputerowej, wykorzystuje kursor (tytułowego żółwia) wykonujący instrukcje w przestrzeni lokalnej.</span></p><p><img src="Turtle-animation-20210313143359379.gif" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle_graphics"></p><p><span>L-Systemy można interpretować za pomocą Turtle Graphics, poprzez przypisanie każdemu symbolowi instrukcji jaką ma wykonać żółw. Następnie żółw będzie wykonywał kolejne instrukcje czytając napis od lewej do prawej.</span></p><p><span>Na początek zaczniemy od prostej reprezentacji, gdzie </span><code>+</code><span> będzie oznaczał w kierunku zgodnym z ruchem wskazówek zegara o wskazany kąt, natomiast </span><code>-</code><span> w przeciwnym. Kąt zwyczajowo oznacza się grecką literą $\delta$. Każdy inny symbol będzie oznaczał idź prosto o 1. </span></p><p><span>Odpal Scenę LSystem2D, załaduj plik </span><code>Sierpinski.txt</code><span>, ustaw kąt na 60 stopni i wykonaj kilka kroków. </span></p><h3><a name="zadanie" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Zadanie </span></h3><p><span>napisz Lsystem, który będzie rysował gwiazdkę kocha </span></p><ol><li><h4><a name="krzywa-kocha" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Krzywa kocha:</span></h4></li></ol><p><img src="../../../../Downloads/Wirtualne Światy treść zadań/Kochsim.gif" /></p><p><img src="../../../../Downloads/Wirtualne Światy treść zadań/RPReplay_Final1615641331.gif" style="zoom:50%;" /></p><p><span>Opis:</span></p><ol><li><span>Podziel linię na 3 równę części</span></li><li><span>Przy środkowej części narysuj równoboczny trójkąt zwrócony na zewnątrz</span></li><li><span>Usuń środkową część pierwotnej lini</span></li></ol><p><span>Musimy z jednej lini zrobić 4 nowe, z czego pierwsza i ostatnia idą w tym samym kierunku, a dwie środkowe idą pod innym kątem (podpowiedź: dając dwa razy + lub - możesz zwiększyć kąt)</span></p><ol start='2' ><li><h4><a name="w-pierwszym-kroku-l-systemu-utwórz-trójkąt" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>W pierwszym kroku L-Systemu utwórz trójkąt</span></h4><p><img src="Von_Koch_curve.gif" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p></li></ol><h2><a name="bracketed-l-systems" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Bracketed L-systems </span></h2><p><span>W podstawowej wersji L-Systemy są pojedyńczym ciągiem znaków, by uzyskać możliwość tworzenia rozgałęzień wprowadzamy dwa specjalne znaki </span><code>[</code><span> oraz </span><code>]</code><span> pierwszy mówi, żeby zapamiętać obecny stan, drugi oznacza by wrócić do stanu zapamiętanym przy ostatnim znaku </span><code>[</code><span>. Przykładowo ciąg symboli </span><code>F[+FFF][-F]FF</code><span> dla $\delta=90$ będzie reprezentowany następująco</span>
<img src="im_bracketed-5642437.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="obraz"></p><h3><a name="zadanie-n245" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Zadanie</span></h3><p><span>Stwórz systemy a i e:</span></p><p><img src="../../../../Downloads/Wirtualne Światy treść zadań/Screenshot 2021-03-13 at 14.29.06.png" alt="Screenshot 2021-03-13 at 14.29.06" /><span> </span><img src="Screenshot 2021-03-13 at 14.29.10.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="Screenshot 2021-03-13 at 14.29.10"></p><h2><a name="pisanie-własnej-interpretacji-lsystemów" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Pisanie własnej interpretacji LSystemów</span></h2><p><span>Wróćmy do sceny LSystemFromFile W tej scenie zamiast kresek pojawiają się figury reprezentujące komórki (czerwona lewa, zielona prawa, niska młoda, wysoka dorosła). Otwórz skrypt AnabeanaTurtle.cs, który odpowiada za rysowanie. Zawiera on klasę </span><code>AnabeanaTurtle</code><span> dziedziczącą po </span><code>TurtleLSystem</code><span>. </span><code>TurtleLSystem</code><span> jest klasą abstrakcyjną, wymaga zdefiniowania funkcji </span><code>initLiteralInterpretation</code><span>, w której należy opisać jak interpretować symbole.</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="CS"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang="cs"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 0px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-keyword">protected</span> <span class="cm-keyword">override</span> <span class="cm-keyword">void</span> <span class="cm-variable">initLiteralInterpretation</span>() {</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable">turtleInterpretation</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">Dictionary</span><span class="cm-operator">&lt;</span><span class="cm-variable-3">string</span>, <span class="cm-variable-3">Func</span><span class="cm-operator">&lt;</span><span class="cm-variable-3">float</span>[], <span class="cm-variable">Tuple</span><span class="cm-operator">&lt;</span><span class="cm-variable">GameObject</span>, <span class="cm-variable">Matrix4x4</span><span class="cm-operator">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span>();</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-comment">//turtleInterpretation</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">transformation</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable">Matrix4x4</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Translate</span>(<span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">Vector3</span>(<span class="cm-number">0.0f</span>, <span class="cm-number">0.1f</span>, <span class="cm-number">0</span>)) <span class="cm-operator">*</span> <span class="cm-variable">Matrix4x4</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Scale</span>(<span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">Vector3</span> (<span class="cm-number">0.05f</span>, <span class="cm-number">0.1f</span>, <span class="cm-number">0.05f</span>));</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="">​</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable">turtleInterpretation</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Add</span>(<span class="cm-string">"+"</span>, (<span class="cm-variable-3">float</span>[] <span class="cm-variable">args</span>) <span class="cm-operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">Tuple</span><span class="cm-operator">&lt;</span><span class="cm-variable">GameObject</span>, <span class="cm-variable">Matrix4x4</span><span class="cm-operator">&gt;</span>(<span class="cm-atom">null</span>, <span class="cm-variable">Matrix4x4</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Rotate</span>(<span class="cm-variable">Quaternion</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Euler</span>(<span class="cm-number">0</span>, <span class="cm-number">0</span>, <span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-variable">angle</span>))));</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable">turtleInterpretation</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Add</span>(<span class="cm-string">"-"</span>, (<span class="cm-variable-3">float</span>[] <span class="cm-variable">args</span>) <span class="cm-operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">Tuple</span><span class="cm-operator">&lt;</span><span class="cm-variable">GameObject</span>, <span class="cm-variable">Matrix4x4</span><span class="cm-operator">&gt;</span>(<span class="cm-atom">null</span>, <span class="cm-variable">Matrix4x4</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Rotate</span>(<span class="cm-variable">Quaternion</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Euler</span>(<span class="cm-number">0</span>, <span class="cm-number">0</span>, <span class="cm-variable">angle</span>))));</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="">​</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-comment">//Wildcard how to represent any other symbol</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="cm-variable">turtleInterpretation</span>.<span class="cm-variable">Add</span>(<span class="cm-string">"*.*"</span>, (<span class="cm-variable-3">float</span>[] <span class="cm-variable">args</span>) <span class="cm-operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">Tuple</span><span class="cm-operator">&lt;</span><span class="cm-variable">GameObject</span>, <span class="cm-variable">Matrix4x4</span><span class="cm-operator">&gt;</span>(<span class="cm-variable">obj</span>, <span class="cm-variable">transformation</span>));</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> &nbsp; }</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="">​</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 442px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 442px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>Żeby tego dokonać należy uzupełnić słownik </span><code>turtleInterpretation</code><span>, którego kluczami są opisywane symbole jako stringi. Natomiast wartościami są funkcje, które przyjmują jako argument tablicę parametrów danego symbolu (o tym później) a zwracają Krotkę, której pierwszym elementem jest rysowany obiekt, natomiast drugim transformacja, jaką wykona żółw. Powyższym przykładzie obiekty są czytane z modeli a transformacja zawsze jest taka sama, czyli translacja o wektor (0.1,0,0) i skalowanie o wektor (0.1,0.1,0.1). (Skalowania nie są pamiętane przez żółwia)</span></p><p><span>Te funkcje są wykorzystywane przez żółwia do interpretacji ciągu symboli. Przykładowo </span><code>LRr</code><span> zostanie zinterpretowany następująco:</span></p><ul><li><span>żółw przesuwa się o 0.1 w osi X umieszcza bigL w punkcie (0.1,0,0)</span></li><li><span>żółw przesuwa się o 0.1 w osi X umieszcza bigR w punkcie (0.2,0,0) (ponieważ (0.1,0,0)+(0.1,0,0)=(0.2,0,0) )</span></li><li><span>żółw przesuwa się o 0.1 w osi X umieszcza bigL w punkcie (0.3,0,0)</span></li></ul><h3><a name="zadanie-n260" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Zadanie</span></h3><p><span>Jak wyszukasz w internecie obrazki Anabaeny, zobaczysz, że są one często powykręcane, dodaj do macierz przekształceń obroty w osi Y o losowy kąt pomiędzy -20 a 20 stopni.</span></p><h2><a name="parametryczne-l-systemy" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Parametryczne L-Systemy </span></h2><p><span>Parametryczne L-Systemy operują na symbolach parametrycznych znakach, czyli takich, które posiadają 0 lub więcej parametrów rzeczywistych. Pozwala to przechowywać różne wewnętrzne stany obiektów. Przykładowo dla modelu Anabeany powyżej rozróżniamy tylko 2 stany, młody i dorosły. Dzięki parametrycznym L-Systemom możemy opisać wiek w sposób bardziej ciągły. Przykładowo poniższy L-System komórki która rośnie i jak osiągnie odpowiedni wiek rozdziela się na dwie młode komórki</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 0px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">#axiom </span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">B(1)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">#rules</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">B(a) : a&lt;2 -&gt; B(a+0.1)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">B(a) : a&gt;=2 -&gt; B(1)B(1)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">#end rules</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 156px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 156px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>Parametry zapisuje się wewnątrz nawiasów po przecinku. W aksjomacie muszą one mieć wartości liczbowe. Po lewej stronie trzeba nadać parametrom nazwy (mogą mieć one więcej niż jeden znak). Symbole są identyfikowane po nazwie i liczbie znaków. Po dwukropku można podać warunki logiczne jakie musi spełnić symbol. można w tym umieszczać operacje matematyczne, dozwolone jest mnożenie, dzielenie, dodawanie i odejmowanie. podobnie w parametrach po prawej stronie </span></p><h3><a name="zadanie-n266" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Zadanie</span></h3><p><span>Napisz dla parametrycznej wersji Anabeny taką interpretację, żeby komórki rosły wraz z wiekiem.</span></p><h2><a name="stochastyczne-l-systemy" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Stochastyczne L-Systemy</span></h2><p><span>Niektóre procesy biologiczne są zbyt skomplikowane albo niedostatecznie zbadane, żeby można je było je zasymulować lub zwyczajnie nie mamy potrzeby symulować mechanizmów tak dokładnie. Zamiast tego możemy skorzystać z losowości, która przybliży zachowanie natury. </span></p><p><span>Przykładowo możemy losowo decydować czy w roślinie wyrośnie boczna gałąź czy nie. Co realizuje poniższy L-System (znajduje się on także w pliku </span><code>stochastic.txt</code><span>)</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 0px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">#axiom</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">B</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">#rules</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">B -&gt; #stochastic</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">p=3 FB</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">p=1 [+FB]FB</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">p=1 [-FB]FB</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">p=1 F</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">#stochastic end</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">#rules end</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="">​</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 286px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 286px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>W powyższym przypadku mamy symbol B, który symbolizuje merystem (część rośliny zdolną do rozwoju); F oznacza rozwiniętą gałąź. B może rozwinąć łodygę, wytworzyć gałąź po prawej, wytworzyć gałąź po lewej lub zaprzestać rozwój. </span></p><p><span>Odpal scenę </span><code>LSystem2D</code><span> załaduj </span><code>stochastic.txt</code><span> i odpal kilka razy od początku (żeby zresetować, kliknij </span><em><span>Load File</span></em><span>). </span></p><p><span>Reguły stochastyczne należy zacząć od słowa </span><code>#stochastic</code><span>. Następnie po linijce wypisać wyniki, poprzedzając je frazą </span><code>p=W</code><span>, gdzie </span><code>W</code><span> to waga danego wyniku. Wagi mogą być dowolną dodatnią liczbą rzeczywistą. Interpreter na podstawie wag przydzieli prawdopodobieństwo kolejnym wynikom. Przykładowo w powyższym L-Systemie reguły zostaną wykonane następująco:</span></p><ul><li><span>FB z prawdopodobieństwem $\frac{3}{6}$</span></li><li><span>[+FB]FB z prawdopodobieństwem $\frac{1}{6}$</span></li><li><span>[+FB]FB z prawdopodobieństwem $\frac{1}{6}$</span></li><li><span>F z prawdopodobieństwem $\frac{1}{6}$</span></li></ul><p><img src="../CW1/Screenshot 2021-03-14 at 07.32.36.png" alt="Screenshot 2021-03-14 at 07.32.36" style="zoom:33%;" /><img src="../CW1/Screenshot 2021-03-14 at 07.32.56.png" alt="Screenshot 2021-03-14 at 07.32.56" style="zoom:33%;" /><span> </span><img src="../CW1/Screenshot 2021-03-14 at 07.33.17.png" alt="Screenshot 2021-03-14 at 07.33.17" style="zoom:33%;" /></p><h3><a name="zadanie-n599" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>zadanie </span></h3><p><span>Obecnie zdarza się tak, że L-System wchodzi w ostatnią regułę na samym początku i nic nie wyrasta. Innym razem wyrasta bardzo dużo odgałęzień i całość wymyka się spod kontroli a na pewno przestaje przypominać roślinę. Pomyśl jak można zaradzić tym dwóm problemom, zmodyfikuj L-System tak, by ich uniknąć. Możesz dodać nowe symbole lub/i wykorzystać symbole parametryczne.</span></p><h2><a name="zadanie-domowe" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Zadanie domowe</span></h2><p><span>Scena </span><code>LSystem3D</code><span> jest kopią sceny </span><code>LSystem2D</code><span>, korzysta ona ze skryptu </span><code>Turtle3D</code><span> zamiast </span><code>Turtle2D</code><span> (chociaż są one na razie identyczne). Dodaj do </span><code>Turtle3D</code><span> obsługę obrotów w trzech wymiarach za pomocą znaków:</span></p><ul><li><code>&amp;</code><span> obrót do góry (pitch), czyli obrót względem osi X o kąt $\delta$ </span></li><li><code>^</code><span> obrót do góry (pitch), czyli obrót względem osi X o kąt $-\delta$ </span></li><li><code>\</code><span> obrót do obrót w prawo (roll), czyli obrót względem osi Y o kąt $-\delta$ </span></li><li><code>/</code><span> obrót do obrót w lewo (roll), czyli obrót względem osi Y o kąt $\delta$ </span></li></ul><p><span>Poza tym dla symboli </span><code>L</code><span> i </span><code>F</code><span> dodaj interpretacje kolejno jako liść i kwiat. W folderze Models są gotowe modele, ale możesz ściągnąć własne.</span></p><p><span>Wykorzystaj dotychczasową wiedzę i powyższą interpretację, by stworzyć L-System generujący roślinę polną jak poniższy chaber. </span></p><p><img src="../CW1/7_Centaurea_cyanus.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="rysunek chabra z wikipedii"></p></div>
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