Zrobiono rodziały 4,5

Rodział 1-3/Kurs_R.R

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+# author: Cezary Pukownik
+# indeks: s444337
+
+library(tidyverse)
+
+#' # 2.3.1
+#' ## Zadanie 1
+
+airquality %>%
+  select(Ozone, Solar.R, Wind, Temp) %>%
+  filter(Ozone>80)
+
+#' ## Zadanie 2
+#install.packages('weathermetrics')
+library(weathermetrics)
+
+airquality %>%
+  mutate(TempC=fahrenheit.to.celsius(Temp))
+
+#' # 2.4.1
+#' ## Zadanie 1
+as_tibble(airquality)
+
+#' ## Zadanie 2
+tibble(litery=letters[6:11],
+            miesiace=month.name[1:6])
+
+#' # 3.2.4
+#' ## Zadanie 1
+ggplot(data=mpg)
+
+#' Co widzisz?
+#' Szare. puste pole
+
+#' ## Zadanie 2
+as_tibble(mtcars)
+
+#' liczba wierszy: 32
+
+#' ## Zadanie 3
+?mpg
+
+#' drv
+#' f = front-wheel drive, r = rear wheel drive, 4 = 4wd
+
+#' ## Zadanie 4
+ggplot(aes(x=hwy, y=cyl), data=as_tibble(mpg)) + geom_point()
+
+#' ## Zadanie 5
+ggplot(aes(x=class, y=drv), data=as_tibble(mpg)) + geom_point()
+
+#' Dlaczego wykres jest bezuzyteczny?
+#' Wykres nie pokazuje żadnych liczbowych informacji na temat danych
+#' Zostały wykorzystane dwie cechy typu categorical
+#' Jedyną informacją jest to, czy dana kombinacja drv i class istanieje.
+
+#' # 3.3.1
+#' ## Zadanie 1
+
+#' ustalenie parametru color wewnątrz funckcji aes 
+#' powinno być nazwą kolumny z categoriami, po których
+#' punkty zostaną pogrupowane, a nie istanieje kolumna "blue"
+#' w zbriorze danych
+#'
+#' parametr color powinien zostać ustalony wewnątrz
+#' funkcji geom_point. Poprawiony kod poniżej.
+
+ggplot(data = mpg) + 
+  geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy), color = "blue")
+
+#' ## Zadanie 2
+mpg
+#' kolumny z danymi kategorialnymi to:
+#' manufacturer, model, trans, frv, fl, class
+#' można zwrócić uwagę na typ danych w kolumnie
+#' jeśli typ to <chr>, to najprawdopodobniej jest to dana kategorialna
+
+#' ## Zadanie 3
+
+ggplot(data = mpg) + 
+  geom_point(mapping = aes(x=displ, y=hwy, color=displ, size=displ))
+
+#' zmienna ciągła jest interpolowania między dwoma kolorami tworząc gradient
+#' tak jak samo z rozmiarem, rozmiar jest skalowany
+#' w przypadku shape powoduje to błąd. Gdyby podać dane kategorialne
+#' podział byłby dyskretny, na różne kolory, wielkości, kształty
+
+
+#' ## Zadanie 4
+#' Przykład w punkcie wyżej
+#' Ta sama zmienna bedzie przedstawiona różnymi metodami
+
+#' ## Zadanie 5
+#' stroke wpływa na grubuść konturu, obrysu, mozna stosować z punktami i liniami
+?geom_point
+
+#' ## Zadanie 6
+
+ggplot(data = mpg) + 
+  geom_point(mapping = aes(x=displ, y=hwy, color=displ < 5))
+
+
+mpg %>%
+  filter(displ < 5) %>%
+  mutate(is_less_than_5=displ < 5)
+
+#' Przypisanie displ < 5 podzieliło data set na dwie grupy
+#' TRUE oraz FALSE, w zalezności od tego czy warunek był spełniony
+#' czy nie.
+
+#' # 3.5.1
+#' ## Zadanie 1
+
+ggplot(data = mpg) + 
+  geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) + 
+  facet_grid(drv ~ displ)
+
+#' ggplot potraktuje ją jako zmienną kategorialną,
+#' tworząc siatkę dla kazdej unikatowej wartości zmiennej ciagłęj
+
+#' ## Zadanie 2
+ggplot(data = mpg) + 
+  geom_point(mapping = aes(x = drv, y = cyl))
+
+ggplot(data = mpg) + 
+  geom_point(mapping = aes(x = drv, y = cyl)) +
+  facet_grid(cyl~drv)
+
+#' puste komórki oznacznaczają brak danych
+
+#' ## Zadanie 3
+
+
+ggplot(data = mpg) + 
+  geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) +
+  facet_grid(drv ~ .)
+
+ggplot(data = mpg) + 
+  geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) +
+  facet_grid(. ~ cyl)
+
+#' kropka traktowana jest jako puste pole,
+#' wtedy jedna z osi, nie bedzie kategoryzowana
+
+
+#' ## Zadanie 4
+ggplot(data = mpg) + 
+  geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) + 
+  facet_wrap(~ class, nrow = 2)
+
+
+#' # 3.6.1
+
+#' ## Zadanie 1
+#' liniowy - geom_line()
+#' pudełkowy - geom_boxplot()
+#' histogram - geom_histogram()
+#' warstwowy - geom_area()
+
+#' ## Zadanie 2
+ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy, color = drv)) + 
+  geom_point() + 
+  geom_smooth(se = FALSE)
+
+#' ## Zadanie 3
+#' show.legend = FALSE, sluży do ukrycia legendy
+
+#' ## Zadanie 4
+#' parametr se w funcji geom_smooth() służy do pokazania, lub ukrycia przedziałów ufnośći na wykresie.
+
+#' ## Zadanie 5
+#' dwa poniższe wyresy są takie same, różnią się tylko sposobem denifincji mapowania.
+#' mapowanie wewnątrz aes w ggplot, przenosi mapowania na wszystkie geometrie, gdy nie sa zdefiniowane inne.
+
+ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) + 
+  geom_point() + 
+  geom_smooth()
+
+ggplot() + 
+  geom_point(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) + 
+  geom_smooth(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy))
+
+#' ## Zadanie 6
+
+#' Wykres 1
+
+mpg %>% 
+  ggplot(aes(x=displ, y=hwy)) +
+  geom_point() +
+  geom_smooth(se=FALSE)
+
+#' Wykres 2
+mpg %>% 
+  ggplot(aes(x=displ, y=hwy, group=drv)) +
+  geom_point() +
+  geom_smooth(se=FALSE)
+
+#' Wykres 3
+mpg %>% 
+  ggplot(aes(x=displ, y=hwy, color=drv)) +
+  geom_point() +
+  geom_smooth(se=FALSE)
+
+#' Wykres 4
+mpg %>% 
+  ggplot(aes(x=displ, y=hwy)) +
+  geom_point(aes(color=drv)) +
+  geom_smooth(se=FALSE)
+
+#' Wykres 5
+mpg %>% 
+  ggplot(aes(x=displ, y=hwy)) +
+  geom_point(aes(color=drv)) +
+  geom_smooth(aes(linetype=drv), se=FALSE)
+
+#' Wykres 6
+mpg %>% 
+  ggplot(aes(x=displ, y=hwy)) +
+  geom_point(aes(fill=drv), shape=21, stroke=2, color='white', size=2)
+
+#' # 3.7.1
+
+# Zadanie 1
+?stat_summary
+
+#' Funcja stat_summary jest związana w funcją geom_pointrange()
+diamonds %>% 
+ggplot() + 
+  geom_pointrange(aes(x = cut, y = depth), stat='summary')
+
+#' ## Zadanie 2
+#' funkcja geom_bar służy do wykresów słupkowych/kolumnowych i jej domyslna statystyka do 'count',
+#' funcja geom_col, ma domyślną statystykę 'identity'
+
+#' ## Zadanie 3
+#'
+#' geom_bar : stat_count
+#' geom_col : identity
+#' geom_histogram: stat_bin
+#' geom_line : identity
+#' geom_path : identity
+#' geom_step : identity
+#' geom_segment : identity
+#' geom_curve : identity
+#' geom_spoke : identity
+#' geom_polygon : identity
+#' geom_ribbot : identity
+#' geom_area : identity
+#' geom_freqpoly : stat_bin
+#' 
+
+#' ## Zadanie 4
+#' ?geom_smmoth : stat_smooth
+#' y - predicted value
+#' ymin - lower pointwise confidence interval around the mean
+#' yman - upper pointwise confidence interval around the mean
+#' se = standard error
+#' 
+#' ## Zadanie 5
+
+#' każdy "słupek" jest taki sam
+ggplot(data = diamonds) + 
+  geom_bar(mapping = aes(x = cut, y = ..prop..))
+ggplot(data = diamonds) + 
+  geom_bar(mapping = aes(x = cut, fill = color, y = ..prop..))
+
+# uzyliśmy group=1, aby nadpisać domysle grupowanie funcji geom_bar, które grupuje po x, czyli po cut,
+# dlatego każdy słupek wyglądał identycznie, ponieważ powinniśmy w tym przypadku zgrupować po całym zbiorze, usunąć grupy.
+# równie dobrze będzie działać group=2, albo group='abc'
+
+ggplot(data = diamonds) + 
+  geom_bar(mapping = aes(x = cut, fill = color, y = ..prop..,  group=1))
+
+
+
+#' # 3.8.1
+#' 
+#' ## Zadanie 1
+ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = cty, y = hwy)) + 
+  geom_point()
+
+#' ## Zadanie 2
+#' nakładają się na siebie punkty i nie widać dobrze zagęszczenia 
+#' mozna poprawić przez dodanie posiiton='jitter'
+
+ ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = cty, y = hwy)) + 
+geom_point(position='jitter')
+ 
+#' ## Zadanie 3
+ ?geom_jitter
+#' paremtry width i height
+#' 
+ ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = cty, y = hwy)) + 
+   geom_jitter(position='jitter')
+  
+ ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = cty, y = hwy)) + 
+   geom_count(position='jitter')
+ 
+ #' obie funcje pokazują zagęszczenie, geom jitter, rozsuwa je aby było widać kazdy punkt.
+ #' geom count pokazuje zagęszczenie przez parametr size.
+
+#' Zadanie 4
+?geom_boxplot
+ 
+#' domyślne dopasowanie dla geom_boxplot to 'dodge2
+
+mpg %>% 
+  ggplot(aes(x=cty, y=factor(cyl))) +
+  geom_boxplot()
+
+#' # 3.9.1
+#' ## Zadanie 1
+
+mpg %>% 
+  ggplot(aes(x=1, fill=class))+
+  geom_bar() +
+  coord_polar()
+
+
+#' ## Zadanie 2
+#' Funcjka labs, służy do dodania etykiet tetułu, opisy osi, i innnych tektów na wykresie
+
+mpg %>% 
+  ggplot(aes(x=1, fill=class))+
+  geom_bar() +
+  coord_polar() +
+  labs(title='Słupkotwy wykres skumulowany',
+       subtitle='O kordynatach polarnych',
+       y='Liczba',
+       x='Wartość dummy')
+
+#' ## Zadanie 3
+#' coord_map posiada więcej parametrów, np projectiom, parameters i orientation
+#' coord_quickmap, nie posiada tych parametrów.
+#' coord_map nada się do większych powirzchni świata, to jest pojekcją powierzchni sfery
+#' na plaski 2D. coord_quickmap, nadaje się do map o małym rozmiarze i zachowuje proste linie.
+
+#' ## Zadanie 4
+#' 
+#' 
+
+ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = cty, y = hwy)) +
+  geom_point() + 
+  geom_abline() +
+  coord_fixed() 
+
+#' Z wykresu wnioskujemy, że spalanie w mieście i na autostradzie są skorelowane.
+#' Jeśli samochód pali dużo w mieście, to pali duzo na autostradzie i odwotnie.
+#' 
+#' Linia ab, pokazuje tam prostą y=x, dzięki temu mamy odniesienie i dodatkowo możemy wywnioskować,
+#' że na galonie paliwa, na autostradzie zawsze przejedziemy wiecej niż w mieście.
+#' 
+#' Coord fixed, sprawia że wartości obu osi są w tej samej skali. Obie wartości to liczba przejechanych kilometrów, więc 
+#' ważne jest zachowanie jednolitej skali.
+#' 
+#' Funckja abline() tworzy linię prostą y=Ax+B stąd nazawa AB Line. Domyslnie A=1, B=0 dlatego abline() to y=x

Rodział 4/CV.Rmd

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+---
+title: "Cezary Pukownik"
+output: html_document
+---
+
+***
+
+```{r setup, include=FALSE}
+knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE)
+```
+
+# Wykształcenie
+- **2017 - ...**  - Uniwersytet Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu kier. Analiza i przetwarzanie danych
+- **2013 - 2016** - Uniwesytet Mikołaja Kopernika kier. Matematyka i ekonomia
+- **2010 - 2013** - I Liceum im. Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu spec. Matematyczno-Informatyczna
+
+# Doświadczenie zawodowe
+- **2018 - ...** - Impakt S.A, jako Analityk danych
+- **2017 - 2018** - Impakt S.A, jako Młodszy analilityk
+- **2016 - 2017** - Impakt S.A, jako Kontroler
+
+
+> Cytat blokowy[^1]
+
+  
+[^1]: Stopka

Rodział 4/rozmiary-diamentow.Rmd

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+---
+title: "Rozmiary diamentów"
+date: 2016-08-25
+output: html_document
+---
+
+```{r setup, include = FALSE}
+
+knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = FALSE)
+
+library(ggplot2)
+library(dplyr)
+library(tidyverse)
+
+smaller <- diamonds %>% 
+  filter(carat <= 2.5)
+```
+
+Mamy dane o `r nrow(diamonds)` diamentach. Tylko 
+`r nrow(diamonds) - nrow(smaller)` diamentów jest większych niż 2,5 karata. 
+Poniżej przedstawiony jest rozkład pozostałych:
+
+```{r, echo = FALSE}
+smaller %>% 
+  ggplot(aes(carat)) + 
+  geom_freqpoly(binwidth = 0.01)
+```
+
+# Wielkość diamentów w zależności od szlifu, koloru i przejrzystości.
+
+## Wielkość vs. Szlif
+
+```{r}
+diamonds %>% 
+  ggplot(aes(x=cut, y=carat)) +
+  geom_boxplot()
+```
+
+## Wielkość vs. Kolor
+
+```{r}
+diamonds %>% 
+  ggplot(aes(x=color, y=carat)) +
+  geom_boxplot()
+```
+
+## Wielkość vs. Przejrzystość
+
+```{r}
+diamonds %>% 
+  ggplot(aes(x=clarity, y=carat)) +
+  geom_boxplot()
+```
+
+## TOP 20 diamnetów pod względem wielkości
+
+```{r}
+diamonds %>% 
+  top_n(20, wt=carat) %>% 
+  knitr::kable()
+```
+
+
+```{r}
+comma <- function(x) format(x, digits = 2, big.mark = ",")
+
+
+diamonds %>% 
+  group_by(carat > 2.5) %>% 
+  summarise(count=n()) %>% 
+  pivot_wider(names_from=`carat > 2.5`, values_from=count) %>% 
+  mutate(bigger_than_2.5 = as.numeric(`TRUE`)/as.numeric(sum(`TRUE`+`FALSE`))) %>% 
+  select(bigger_than_2.5) -> bigger_than_2.5
+
+
+percent <- bigger_than_2.5$bigger_than_2.5*100
+```
+
+
+Odsetek diamentów większych niż 2.5 karata wynosi `r comma(percent)`%.
+
+
+```{r a, cache=TRUE}
+lubridate::now()
+```
+
+```{r b, cache=TRUE}
+lubridate::now()
+```
+
+```{r c, cache=TRUE}
+lubridate::now()
+```
+
+```{r d, cache=TRUE}
+lubridate::now()
+```
+
+

Rodział 4/rozmiary-diamentow_cache/html/__packages

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+base
+ggplot2
+dplyr
+tidyverse
+tibble
+tidyr
+readr
+purrr
+stringr
+forcats

Rodział 4/Ćwiczenie 4.2.1

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+---
+title: "R Notebook"
+output: html_notebook
+---
+
+This is an [R Markdown](http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com) Notebook. When you execute code within the notebook, the results appear beneath the code. 
+
+Try executing this chunk by clicking the *Run* button within the chunk or by placing your cursor inside it and pressing *Ctrl+Shift+Enter*. 
+
+```{r}
+plot(cars)
+```
+
+Add a new chunk by clicking the *Insert Chunk* button on the toolbar or by pressing *Ctrl+Alt+I*.
+
+When you save the notebook, an HTML file containing the code and output will be saved alongside it (click the *Preview* button or press *Ctrl+Shift+K* to preview the HTML file).
+
+The preview shows you a rendered HTML copy of the contents of the editor. Consequently, unlike *Knit*, *Preview* does not run any R code chunks. Instead, the output of the chunk when it was last run in the editor is displayed.

Rodział 4/Ćwiczenie 421.Rmd

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+---
+title: "Ćwiczenie 4.2.1"
+output:
+  pdf_document: default
+  html_document: default
+---
+
+```{r setup, include=FALSE}
+knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE)
+```
+
+## R Markdown
+
+This is an R Markdown document. Markdown is a simple formatting syntax for authoring HTML, PDF, and MS Word documents. For more details on using R Markdown see <http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com>.
+
+When you click the **Knit** button a document will be generated that includes both content as well as the output of any embedded R code chunks within the document. You can embed an R code chunk like this:
+
+```{r cars}
+summary(cars)
+```
+
+## Including Plots
+
+You can also embed plots, for example:
+
+```{r pressure, echo=FALSE}
+plot(pressure)
+```
+
+Note that the `echo = FALSE` parameter was added to the code chunk to prevent printing of the R code that generated the plot.

Rodział 4/Ćwiczenie 421_Notebook.Rmd

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+---
+title: "R Notebook"
+output:
+  word_document: default
+  pdf_document: default
+  html_document:
+    df_print: paged
+---
+
+This is an [R Markdown](http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com) Notebook. When you execute code within the notebook, the results appear beneath the code. 
+
+Try executing this chunk by clicking the *Run* button within the chunk or by placing your cursor inside it and pressing *Ctrl+Shift+Enter*. 
+
+```{r}
+plot(cars)
+```
+
+Add a new chunk by clicking the *Insert Chunk* button on the toolbar or by pressing *Ctrl+Alt+I*.
+
+When you save the notebook, an HTML file containing the code and output will be saved alongside it (click the *Preview* button or press *Ctrl+Shift+K* to preview the HTML file).
+
+The preview shows you a rendered HTML copy of the contents of the editor. Consequently, unlike *Knit*, *Preview* does not run any R code chunks. Instead, the output of the chunk when it was last run in the editor is displayed.

Rodział 4/Ćwiczenie-421.log

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Rodział 4/Ćwiczenie-421.tex

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+  \usepackage{unicode-math}
+  \defaultfontfeatures{Ligatures=TeX,Scale=MatchLowercase}
+\fi
+% use upquote if available, for straight quotes in verbatim environments
+\IfFileExists{upquote.sty}{\usepackage{upquote}}{}
+% use microtype if available
+\IfFileExists{microtype.sty}{%
+\usepackage[]{microtype}
+\UseMicrotypeSet[protrusion]{basicmath} % disable protrusion for tt fonts
+}{}
+\IfFileExists{parskip.sty}{%
+\usepackage{parskip}
+}{% else
+\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
+\setlength{\parskip}{6pt plus 2pt minus 1pt}
+}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+\hypersetup{
+            pdftitle={Ćwiczenie 4.2.1},
+            pdfborder={0 0 0},
+            breaklinks=true}
+\urlstyle{same}  % don't use monospace font for urls
+\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
+\usepackage{color}
+\usepackage{fancyvrb}
+\newcommand{\VerbBar}{|}
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+% Add ',fontsize=\small' for more characters per line
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+\newcommand{\WarningTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
+\usepackage{graphicx,grffile}
+\makeatletter
+\def\maxwidth{\ifdim\Gin@nat@width>\linewidth\linewidth\else\Gin@nat@width\fi}
+\def\maxheight{\ifdim\Gin@nat@height>\textheight\textheight\else\Gin@nat@height\fi}
+\makeatother
+% Scale images if necessary, so that they will not overflow the page
+% margins by default, and it is still possible to overwrite the defaults
+% using explicit options in \includegraphics[width, height, ...]{}
+\setkeys{Gin}{width=\maxwidth,height=\maxheight,keepaspectratio}
+\setlength{\emergencystretch}{3em}  % prevent overfull lines
+\providecommand{\tightlist}{%
+  \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}
+% Redefines (sub)paragraphs to behave more like sections
+\ifx\paragraph\undefined\else
+\let\oldparagraph\paragraph
+\renewcommand{\paragraph}[1]{\oldparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
+\fi
+\ifx\subparagraph\undefined\else
+\let\oldsubparagraph\subparagraph
+\renewcommand{\subparagraph}[1]{\oldsubparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
+\fi
+
+% set default figure placement to htbp
+\makeatletter
+\def\fps@figure{htbp}
+\makeatother
+
+
+\title{Ćwiczenie 4.2.1}
+\author{}
+\date{\vspace{-2.5em}}
+
+\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+
+\hypertarget{r-markdown}{%
+\subsection{R Markdown}\label{r-markdown}}
+
+This is an R Markdown document. Markdown is a simple formatting syntax
+for authoring HTML, PDF, and MS Word documents. For more details on
+using R Markdown see \url{http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com}.
+
+When you click the \textbf{Knit} button a document will be generated
+that includes both content as well as the output of any embedded R code
+chunks within the document. You can embed an R code chunk like this:
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\KeywordTok{summary}\NormalTok{(cars)}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+##      speed           dist       
+##  Min.   : 4.0   Min.   :  2.00  
+##  1st Qu.:12.0   1st Qu.: 26.00  
+##  Median :15.0   Median : 36.00  
+##  Mean   :15.4   Mean   : 42.98  
+##  3rd Qu.:19.0   3rd Qu.: 56.00  
+##  Max.   :25.0   Max.   :120.00
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\hypertarget{including-plots}{%
+\subsection{Including Plots}\label{including-plots}}
+
+You can also embed plots, for example:
+
+\includegraphics{Ćwiczenie-421_files/figure-latex/pressure-1.pdf}
+
+Note that the \texttt{echo\ =\ FALSE} parameter was added to the code
+chunk to prevent printing of the R code that generated the plot.
+
+\end{document}

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Rodział 4/Ćwiczenie-421_Notebook.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+\PassOptionsToPackage{unicode=true}{hyperref} % options for packages loaded elsewhere
+\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
+%
+\documentclass[]{article}
+\usepackage{lmodern}
+\usepackage{amssymb,amsmath}
+\usepackage{ifxetex,ifluatex}
+\usepackage{fixltx2e} % provides \textsubscript
+\ifnum 0\ifxetex 1\fi\ifluatex 1\fi=0 % if pdftex
+  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+  \usepackage{textcomp} % provides euro and other symbols
+\else % if luatex or xelatex
+  \usepackage{unicode-math}
+  \defaultfontfeatures{Ligatures=TeX,Scale=MatchLowercase}
+\fi
+% use upquote if available, for straight quotes in verbatim environments
+\IfFileExists{upquote.sty}{\usepackage{upquote}}{}
+% use microtype if available
+\IfFileExists{microtype.sty}{%
+\usepackage[]{microtype}
+\UseMicrotypeSet[protrusion]{basicmath} % disable protrusion for tt fonts
+}{}
+\IfFileExists{parskip.sty}{%
+\usepackage{parskip}
+}{% else
+\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
+\setlength{\parskip}{6pt plus 2pt minus 1pt}
+}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+\hypersetup{
+            pdftitle={R Notebook},
+            pdfborder={0 0 0},
+            breaklinks=true}
+\urlstyle{same}  % don't use monospace font for urls
+\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
+\usepackage{color}
+\usepackage{fancyvrb}
+\newcommand{\VerbBar}{|}
+\newcommand{\VERB}{\Verb[commandchars=\\\{\}]}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Highlighting}{Verbatim}{commandchars=\\\{\}}
+% Add ',fontsize=\small' for more characters per line
+\usepackage{framed}
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{RGB}{248,248,248}
+\newenvironment{Shaded}{\begin{snugshade}}{\end{snugshade}}
+\newcommand{\AlertTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.94,0.16,0.16}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\AnnotationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
+\newcommand{\AttributeTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.77,0.63,0.00}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\BaseNTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.81}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\BuiltInTok}[1]{#1}
+\newcommand{\CharTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.31,0.60,0.02}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\CommentTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textit{#1}}}
+\newcommand{\CommentVarTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
+\newcommand{\ConstantTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.00}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\ControlFlowTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.13,0.29,0.53}{\textbf{#1}}}
+\newcommand{\DataTypeTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.13,0.29,0.53}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\DecValTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.81}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\DocumentationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
+\newcommand{\ErrorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.64,0.00,0.00}{\textbf{#1}}}
+\newcommand{\ExtensionTok}[1]{#1}
+\newcommand{\FloatTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.81}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\FunctionTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.00}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\ImportTok}[1]{#1}
+\newcommand{\InformationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
+\newcommand{\KeywordTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.13,0.29,0.53}{\textbf{#1}}}
+\newcommand{\NormalTok}[1]{#1}
+\newcommand{\OperatorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.81,0.36,0.00}{\textbf{#1}}}
+\newcommand{\OtherTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\PreprocessorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textit{#1}}}
+\newcommand{\RegionMarkerTok}[1]{#1}
+\newcommand{\SpecialCharTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.00}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\SpecialStringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.31,0.60,0.02}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\StringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.31,0.60,0.02}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\VariableTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.00}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\VerbatimStringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.31,0.60,0.02}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\WarningTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
+\usepackage{graphicx,grffile}
+\makeatletter
+\def\maxwidth{\ifdim\Gin@nat@width>\linewidth\linewidth\else\Gin@nat@width\fi}
+\def\maxheight{\ifdim\Gin@nat@height>\textheight\textheight\else\Gin@nat@height\fi}
+\makeatother
+% Scale images if necessary, so that they will not overflow the page
+% margins by default, and it is still possible to overwrite the defaults
+% using explicit options in \includegraphics[width, height, ...]{}
+\setkeys{Gin}{width=\maxwidth,height=\maxheight,keepaspectratio}
+\setlength{\emergencystretch}{3em}  % prevent overfull lines
+\providecommand{\tightlist}{%
+  \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}
+% Redefines (sub)paragraphs to behave more like sections
+\ifx\paragraph\undefined\else
+\let\oldparagraph\paragraph
+\renewcommand{\paragraph}[1]{\oldparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
+\fi
+\ifx\subparagraph\undefined\else
+\let\oldsubparagraph\subparagraph
+\renewcommand{\subparagraph}[1]{\oldsubparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
+\fi
+
+% set default figure placement to htbp
+\makeatletter
+\def\fps@figure{htbp}
+\makeatother
+
+
+\title{R Notebook}
+\author{}
+\date{\vspace{-2.5em}}
+
+\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+
+This is an \href{http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com}{R Markdown} Notebook.
+When you execute code within the notebook, the results appear beneath
+the code.
+
+Try executing this chunk by clicking the \emph{Run} button within the
+chunk or by placing your cursor inside it and pressing
+\emph{Ctrl+Shift+Enter}.
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\KeywordTok{plot}\NormalTok{(cars)}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\includegraphics{Ćwiczenie-421_Notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-1-1.pdf}
+
+Add a new chunk by clicking the \emph{Insert Chunk} button on the
+toolbar or by pressing \emph{Ctrl+Alt+I}.
+
+When you save the notebook, an HTML file containing the code and output
+will be saved alongside it (click the \emph{Preview} button or press
+\emph{Ctrl+Shift+K} to preview the HTML file).
+
+The preview shows you a rendered HTML copy of the contents of the
+editor. Consequently, unlike \emph{Knit}, \emph{Preview} does not run
+any R code chunks. Instead, the output of the chunk when it was last run
+in the editor is displayed.
+
+\end{document}

Rodział 5/Kurs_R- Rozdział 5.R

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+library(tidyverse)
+
+#' # 5.2.1 Ćwiczenia
+
+ggplot(mpg, aes(displ, hwy)) +
+  geom_point(aes(colour = class)) +
+  geom_smooth(se = FALSE, method='lm') +
+  labs(
+    title = 'Wraz ze wzrostem objętości silnika, spada zasięg mil na galon',
+    subtitle = 'Wyjątkiem są pojazdy 2-osobowe',
+    x = "Objętość skokowa silnika (l)",
+    y = "Gospodarka paliwowa na autostradzie (mpg)",
+    colour = "Rodzaj samochodu",
+    caption = 'Cezary Pukownik'
+  )
+
+
+#' # 5.3.1 Ćwiczenia
+#' ## Zadanie 1
+
+label_11 <- tibble(
+displ = Inf,
+hwy = Inf,
+label = "Większy rozmiar silnika \njest związany z gorszą gospodarką paliwową."
+)
+
+label_01 <- tibble(
+  displ = -Inf,
+  hwy = Inf,
+  label = "Większy rozmiar silnika \njest związany z gorszą gospodarką paliwową."
+)
+
+label_10 <- tibble(
+  displ = Inf,
+  hwy = -Inf,
+  label = "Większy rozmiar silnika \njest związany z gorszą gospodarką paliwową."
+)
+
+label_00 <- tibble(
+  displ = -Inf,
+  hwy = -Inf,
+  label = "Większy rozmiar silnika \njest związany z gorszą gospodarką paliwową."
+)
+
+
+ggplot(mpg, aes(displ, hwy)) +
+  geom_point() +
+  geom_text(aes(label = label), 
+            data = label_11, 
+            vjust = "top", 
+            hjust = "right") +
+  geom_text(aes(label = label), 
+            data = label_01, 
+            vjust = "top", 
+            hjust = "left") +
+  geom_text(aes(label = label), 
+            data = label_10, 
+            vjust = "bottom", 
+            hjust = "right") +
+  geom_text(aes(label = label), 
+            data = label_00, 
+            vjust = "bottom", 
+            hjust = "left")
+
+#' ## Zadanie 2
+
+?annotate()
+
+#' można zrobić np w ten sposób, podając bezpośrednio np text, oraz położenie wpisująć ręcznie, bez danych.
+p <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(x = wt, y = mpg)) + geom_point()
+p + annotate('label', x = 4, y = 25, label = "Some text")
+
+
+# Jak etykiety utworzone za pomocą funkcji geom_text() działają z panelami? 
+# Jak dodać etykietę do pojedynczego panelu? Jak umieścić różne etykiety na każdym panelu? 
+# (Wskazówka: pomyśl o danych, na podstawie których utworzyłeś wykres).
+#' Zadanie 3
+
+mpg %>% 
+  group_by(drv) %>% 
+  summarise(count=n()) %>% 
+  ggplot(aes(x=drv, y=count, label=count)) +
+  geom_bar(stat='identity') +
+  geom_text(size=10, nudge_y = 5)
+
+mpg %>% 
+  group_by(drv, class) %>% 
+  summarise(count=n()) %>% 
+  ggplot(aes(x=drv, y=count, label=count)) +
+  geom_bar(stat='sum') +
+  geom_text(size=10, nudge_y = 5) +
+  facet_wrap(~class)
+
+#' na różnych panelach dane automatycznie się dostosowują do wykresu
+#' aby pokazać dane np ja jednym panelu można zrobić coś takiego:
+
+mpg %>% 
+  group_by(drv, class) %>% 
+  summarise(count=n()) %>%
+  mutate(label = if_else(class=='compact', as.character(count), '')) %>% 
+  ggplot(aes(x=drv, y=count, label=label)) +
+  geom_bar(stat='sum') +
+  geom_text(size=10, nudge_y = 5) +
+  facet_wrap(~class) +
+  labs(title='Liczba samochodów klasy compakt ma znacznie więcej\nsamochodów napędzanych na przód niż na 4 koła.',
+       x = 'rodzaj napędu',
+       y = 'liczba samochodów')
+
+#' teraz etykiety pokazywane są tylko na panelu gdzie clasa = compact
+
+#' Zadanie 4
+#' 
+#' label.padding = unit(0.25, "lines"),
+#' label.r = unit(0.15, "lines"),
+#' label.size = 0.25,  
+
+
+
+#' Zadanie 5
+# Jakie są cztery argumenty funkcji arrow()? 
+# Jak działają? 
+# Utwórz zestaw wykresów, który zaprezentuje najważniejsze opcje.
+
+?arrow()
+
+#' angle	
+#' length	
+#' ends	
+#' type	
+
+#' agnle - opisuje jak szeroni bedzie grot strzałki, im mniejsza wartość tym węższa bedzie strzałka
+#' lenght - opisuja jak długi bedzie grot sprzałki
+#' ends - jedno z "last", "first", "both" - wskazuje które końce lini, bedą zakończone grotem.
+#' type - jedno z "open", "closed" - wskazuje, czy grot będzie otwrty, -> jak strzła, czy zamknięty jak trojkąt -|>
+
+data <- data.frame('a'=c(1,2), 'b'=c(2,3))
+
+ggplot(data, aes(x=a, y=b)) +
+  geom_line(arrow=arrow(angle=45, length = unit(5, "cm"), ends='both', type='closed')) +
+  annotate('text', x=1.25, y=2.75, label="ładna duża strzałka :)", size=9)
+
+ggplot(data, aes(x=a, y=b)) +
+  geom_line(arrow=arrow(angle=25, length = unit(2, "cm"), ends='last', type='open')) +
+  annotate('text', x=1.3, y=2.75, label="smukła strzałka w jedną stronę", size=7)
+
+
+#' ## 5.4.4 Ćwiczenia
+
+#' install.packages('hexbin')
+
+df <- tibble(
+  x = rnorm(10000),
+  y = rnorm(10000)
+)
+
+ggplot(df, aes(x, y)) +
+  geom_hex() +
+  scale_color_gradient(low = "white", high = "red") +
+  coord_fixed()
+
+
+#' ten kod przysłania domyslną skalę, ale nie tą którą chcemy.
+#' Poprawiony kod powinien wyglądać tak. 
+#' Zmieniono _color_ na _fill_
+
+ggplot(df, aes(x, y)) +
+  geom_hex() +
+  scale_fill_gradient(low = "white", high = "red") +
+  coord_fixed()
+
+?scale_fill_gradient
+
+# pierwrszy argument to colors.
+
+#' # Zadanie 3
+ 
+years <- lubridate::make_date(seq(lubridate::year(min(presidential$start)),
+                                  lubridate::year(max(presidential$end)),
+                                  by = 4), 1, 1)
+
+library(glue)
+
+presidential %>%
+  mutate(id = 33 + row_number()) %>% 
+  mutate(x_label = glue('{name} ({id})')) -> x_label
+
+x_label = x_label$x_label
+x_label = as.vector(x_label)
+
+presidential %>%
+  mutate(id = 33 + row_number()) %>%
+  ggplot(aes(start, reorder(x_label, id), colour = party)) +
+  geom_point() +
+  geom_segment(aes(xend = end, yend = reorder(x_label, id))) +
+  scale_colour_manual(values = c(Republican = "red", Democratic = "blue")) +
+  scale_x_date(NULL, breaks = years, date_labels = "'%y") +
+  scale_y_discrete(breaks = x_label)
+
+
+
+#' # Zadanie 4
+ 
+ggplot(diamonds, aes(carat, price)) +
+  geom_point(aes(colour = cut), alpha = 1/20) +
+  guides(colour = guide_legend(override.aes = list(alpha = 1, size=4)))