775 lines
24 KiB
Python
775 lines
24 KiB
Python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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werkzeug.utils
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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This module implements various utilities for WSGI applications. Most of
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them are used by the request and response wrappers but especially for
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middleware development it makes sense to use them without the wrappers.
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:copyright: 2007 Pallets
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:license: BSD-3-Clause
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"""
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import codecs
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import os
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import pkgutil
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import re
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import sys
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from ._compat import iteritems
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from ._compat import PY2
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from ._compat import reraise
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from ._compat import string_types
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from ._compat import text_type
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from ._compat import unichr
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from ._internal import _DictAccessorProperty
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from ._internal import _missing
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from ._internal import _parse_signature
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try:
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from html.entities import name2codepoint
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except ImportError:
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from htmlentitydefs import name2codepoint
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_format_re = re.compile(r"\$(?:(%s)|\{(%s)\})" % (("[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*",) * 2))
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_entity_re = re.compile(r"&([^;]+);")
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_filename_ascii_strip_re = re.compile(r"[^A-Za-z0-9_.-]")
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_windows_device_files = (
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"CON",
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"AUX",
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"COM1",
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"COM2",
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"COM3",
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"COM4",
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"LPT1",
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"LPT2",
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"LPT3",
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"PRN",
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"NUL",
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)
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class cached_property(property):
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"""A decorator that converts a function into a lazy property. The
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function wrapped is called the first time to retrieve the result
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and then that calculated result is used the next time you access
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the value::
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class Foo(object):
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@cached_property
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def foo(self):
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# calculate something important here
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return 42
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The class has to have a `__dict__` in order for this property to
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work.
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"""
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# implementation detail: A subclass of python's builtin property
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# decorator, we override __get__ to check for a cached value. If one
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# chooses to invoke __get__ by hand the property will still work as
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# expected because the lookup logic is replicated in __get__ for
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# manual invocation.
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def __init__(self, func, name=None, doc=None):
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self.__name__ = name or func.__name__
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self.__module__ = func.__module__
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self.__doc__ = doc or func.__doc__
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self.func = func
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def __set__(self, obj, value):
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obj.__dict__[self.__name__] = value
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def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
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if obj is None:
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return self
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value = obj.__dict__.get(self.__name__, _missing)
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if value is _missing:
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value = self.func(obj)
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obj.__dict__[self.__name__] = value
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return value
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class environ_property(_DictAccessorProperty):
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"""Maps request attributes to environment variables. This works not only
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for the Werzeug request object, but also any other class with an
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environ attribute:
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>>> class Test(object):
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... environ = {'key': 'value'}
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... test = environ_property('key')
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>>> var = Test()
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>>> var.test
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'value'
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If you pass it a second value it's used as default if the key does not
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exist, the third one can be a converter that takes a value and converts
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it. If it raises :exc:`ValueError` or :exc:`TypeError` the default value
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is used. If no default value is provided `None` is used.
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Per default the property is read only. You have to explicitly enable it
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by passing ``read_only=False`` to the constructor.
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"""
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read_only = True
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def lookup(self, obj):
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return obj.environ
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class header_property(_DictAccessorProperty):
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"""Like `environ_property` but for headers."""
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def lookup(self, obj):
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return obj.headers
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class HTMLBuilder(object):
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"""Helper object for HTML generation.
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Per default there are two instances of that class. The `html` one, and
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the `xhtml` one for those two dialects. The class uses keyword parameters
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and positional parameters to generate small snippets of HTML.
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Keyword parameters are converted to XML/SGML attributes, positional
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arguments are used as children. Because Python accepts positional
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arguments before keyword arguments it's a good idea to use a list with the
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star-syntax for some children:
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>>> html.p(class_='foo', *[html.a('foo', href='foo.html'), ' ',
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... html.a('bar', href='bar.html')])
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u'<p class="foo"><a href="foo.html">foo</a> <a href="bar.html">bar</a></p>'
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This class works around some browser limitations and can not be used for
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arbitrary SGML/XML generation. For that purpose lxml and similar
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libraries exist.
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Calling the builder escapes the string passed:
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>>> html.p(html("<foo>"))
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u'<p><foo></p>'
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"""
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_entity_re = re.compile(r"&([^;]+);")
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_entities = name2codepoint.copy()
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_entities["apos"] = 39
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_empty_elements = {
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"area",
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"base",
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"basefont",
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"br",
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"col",
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"command",
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"embed",
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"frame",
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"hr",
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"img",
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"input",
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"keygen",
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"isindex",
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"link",
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"meta",
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"param",
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"source",
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"wbr",
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}
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_boolean_attributes = {
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"selected",
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"checked",
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"compact",
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"declare",
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"defer",
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"disabled",
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"ismap",
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"multiple",
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"nohref",
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"noresize",
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"noshade",
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"nowrap",
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}
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_plaintext_elements = {"textarea"}
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_c_like_cdata = {"script", "style"}
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def __init__(self, dialect):
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self._dialect = dialect
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def __call__(self, s):
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return escape(s)
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def __getattr__(self, tag):
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if tag[:2] == "__":
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raise AttributeError(tag)
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def proxy(*children, **arguments):
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buffer = "<" + tag
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for key, value in iteritems(arguments):
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if value is None:
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continue
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if key[-1] == "_":
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key = key[:-1]
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if key in self._boolean_attributes:
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if not value:
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continue
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if self._dialect == "xhtml":
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value = '="' + key + '"'
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else:
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value = ""
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else:
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value = '="' + escape(value) + '"'
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buffer += " " + key + value
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if not children and tag in self._empty_elements:
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if self._dialect == "xhtml":
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buffer += " />"
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else:
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buffer += ">"
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return buffer
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buffer += ">"
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children_as_string = "".join(
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[text_type(x) for x in children if x is not None]
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)
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if children_as_string:
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if tag in self._plaintext_elements:
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children_as_string = escape(children_as_string)
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elif tag in self._c_like_cdata and self._dialect == "xhtml":
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children_as_string = (
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"/*<![CDATA[*/" + children_as_string + "/*]]>*/"
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)
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buffer += children_as_string + "</" + tag + ">"
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return buffer
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return proxy
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def __repr__(self):
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return "<%s for %r>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self._dialect)
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html = HTMLBuilder("html")
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xhtml = HTMLBuilder("xhtml")
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# https://cgit.freedesktop.org/xdg/shared-mime-info/tree/freedesktop.org.xml.in
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# https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml
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# Types listed in the XDG mime info that have a charset in the IANA registration.
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_charset_mimetypes = {
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"application/ecmascript",
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"application/javascript",
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"application/sql",
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"application/xml",
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"application/xml-dtd",
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"application/xml-external-parsed-entity",
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}
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def get_content_type(mimetype, charset):
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"""Returns the full content type string with charset for a mimetype.
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If the mimetype represents text, the charset parameter will be
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appended, otherwise the mimetype is returned unchanged.
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:param mimetype: The mimetype to be used as content type.
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:param charset: The charset to be appended for text mimetypes.
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:return: The content type.
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.. verionchanged:: 0.15
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Any type that ends with ``+xml`` gets a charset, not just those
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that start with ``application/``. Known text types such as
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``application/javascript`` are also given charsets.
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"""
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if (
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mimetype.startswith("text/")
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or mimetype in _charset_mimetypes
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or mimetype.endswith("+xml")
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):
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mimetype += "; charset=" + charset
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return mimetype
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def detect_utf_encoding(data):
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"""Detect which UTF encoding was used to encode the given bytes.
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The latest JSON standard (:rfc:`8259`) suggests that only UTF-8 is
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accepted. Older documents allowed 8, 16, or 32. 16 and 32 can be big
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or little endian. Some editors or libraries may prepend a BOM.
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:internal:
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:param data: Bytes in unknown UTF encoding.
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:return: UTF encoding name
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.. versionadded:: 0.15
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"""
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head = data[:4]
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if head[:3] == codecs.BOM_UTF8:
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return "utf-8-sig"
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if b"\x00" not in head:
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return "utf-8"
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if head in (codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE, codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE):
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return "utf-32"
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if head[:2] in (codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE, codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE):
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return "utf-16"
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if len(head) == 4:
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if head[:3] == b"\x00\x00\x00":
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return "utf-32-be"
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if head[::2] == b"\x00\x00":
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return "utf-16-be"
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if head[1:] == b"\x00\x00\x00":
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return "utf-32-le"
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if head[1::2] == b"\x00\x00":
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return "utf-16-le"
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if len(head) == 2:
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return "utf-16-be" if head.startswith(b"\x00") else "utf-16-le"
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return "utf-8"
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def format_string(string, context):
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"""String-template format a string:
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>>> format_string('$foo and ${foo}s', dict(foo=42))
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'42 and 42s'
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This does not do any attribute lookup etc. For more advanced string
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formattings have a look at the `werkzeug.template` module.
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:param string: the format string.
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:param context: a dict with the variables to insert.
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"""
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def lookup_arg(match):
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x = context[match.group(1) or match.group(2)]
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if not isinstance(x, string_types):
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x = type(string)(x)
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return x
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return _format_re.sub(lookup_arg, string)
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def secure_filename(filename):
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r"""Pass it a filename and it will return a secure version of it. This
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filename can then safely be stored on a regular file system and passed
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to :func:`os.path.join`. The filename returned is an ASCII only string
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for maximum portability.
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On windows systems the function also makes sure that the file is not
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named after one of the special device files.
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>>> secure_filename("My cool movie.mov")
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'My_cool_movie.mov'
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>>> secure_filename("../../../etc/passwd")
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'etc_passwd'
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>>> secure_filename(u'i contain cool \xfcml\xe4uts.txt')
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'i_contain_cool_umlauts.txt'
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The function might return an empty filename. It's your responsibility
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to ensure that the filename is unique and that you abort or
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generate a random filename if the function returned an empty one.
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.. versionadded:: 0.5
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:param filename: the filename to secure
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"""
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if isinstance(filename, text_type):
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from unicodedata import normalize
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filename = normalize("NFKD", filename).encode("ascii", "ignore")
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if not PY2:
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filename = filename.decode("ascii")
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for sep in os.path.sep, os.path.altsep:
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if sep:
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filename = filename.replace(sep, " ")
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filename = str(_filename_ascii_strip_re.sub("", "_".join(filename.split()))).strip(
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"._"
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)
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# on nt a couple of special files are present in each folder. We
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# have to ensure that the target file is not such a filename. In
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# this case we prepend an underline
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if (
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os.name == "nt"
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and filename
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and filename.split(".")[0].upper() in _windows_device_files
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):
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filename = "_" + filename
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return filename
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def escape(s, quote=None):
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"""Replace special characters "&", "<", ">" and (") to HTML-safe sequences.
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There is a special handling for `None` which escapes to an empty string.
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.. versionchanged:: 0.9
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`quote` is now implicitly on.
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:param s: the string to escape.
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:param quote: ignored.
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"""
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if s is None:
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return ""
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elif hasattr(s, "__html__"):
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return text_type(s.__html__())
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elif not isinstance(s, string_types):
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s = text_type(s)
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if quote is not None:
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from warnings import warn
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warn(
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"The 'quote' parameter is no longer used as of version 0.9"
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" and will be removed in version 1.0.",
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DeprecationWarning,
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stacklevel=2,
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)
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s = (
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s.replace("&", "&")
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.replace("<", "<")
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.replace(">", ">")
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.replace('"', """)
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)
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return s
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def unescape(s):
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"""The reverse function of `escape`. This unescapes all the HTML
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entities, not only the XML entities inserted by `escape`.
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:param s: the string to unescape.
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"""
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def handle_match(m):
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name = m.group(1)
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if name in HTMLBuilder._entities:
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return unichr(HTMLBuilder._entities[name])
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try:
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if name[:2] in ("#x", "#X"):
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return unichr(int(name[2:], 16))
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elif name.startswith("#"):
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return unichr(int(name[1:]))
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except ValueError:
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pass
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return u""
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return _entity_re.sub(handle_match, s)
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def redirect(location, code=302, Response=None):
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"""Returns a response object (a WSGI application) that, if called,
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redirects the client to the target location. Supported codes are
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301, 302, 303, 305, 307, and 308. 300 is not supported because
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it's not a real redirect and 304 because it's the answer for a
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request with a request with defined If-Modified-Since headers.
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.. versionadded:: 0.6
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The location can now be a unicode string that is encoded using
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the :func:`iri_to_uri` function.
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.. versionadded:: 0.10
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The class used for the Response object can now be passed in.
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:param location: the location the response should redirect to.
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:param code: the redirect status code. defaults to 302.
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:param class Response: a Response class to use when instantiating a
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response. The default is :class:`werkzeug.wrappers.Response` if
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unspecified.
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"""
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if Response is None:
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from .wrappers import Response
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display_location = escape(location)
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if isinstance(location, text_type):
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# Safe conversion is necessary here as we might redirect
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# to a broken URI scheme (for instance itms-services).
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from .urls import iri_to_uri
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location = iri_to_uri(location, safe_conversion=True)
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response = Response(
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'<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">\n'
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"<title>Redirecting...</title>\n"
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"<h1>Redirecting...</h1>\n"
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"<p>You should be redirected automatically to target URL: "
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'<a href="%s">%s</a>. If not click the link.'
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% (escape(location), display_location),
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code,
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mimetype="text/html",
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)
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response.headers["Location"] = location
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return response
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def append_slash_redirect(environ, code=301):
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"""Redirects to the same URL but with a slash appended. The behavior
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of this function is undefined if the path ends with a slash already.
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:param environ: the WSGI environment for the request that triggers
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the redirect.
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:param code: the status code for the redirect.
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"""
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new_path = environ["PATH_INFO"].strip("/") + "/"
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query_string = environ.get("QUERY_STRING")
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if query_string:
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new_path += "?" + query_string
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return redirect(new_path, code)
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def import_string(import_name, silent=False):
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"""Imports an object based on a string. This is useful if you want to
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use import paths as endpoints or something similar. An import path can
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be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``)
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or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``).
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If `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import fails.
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:param import_name: the dotted name for the object to import.
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:param silent: if set to `True` import errors are ignored and
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`None` is returned instead.
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:return: imported object
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"""
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# force the import name to automatically convert to strings
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# __import__ is not able to handle unicode strings in the fromlist
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# if the module is a package
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import_name = str(import_name).replace(":", ".")
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try:
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try:
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__import__(import_name)
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except ImportError:
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if "." not in import_name:
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raise
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else:
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return sys.modules[import_name]
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|
|
module_name, obj_name = import_name.rsplit(".", 1)
|
|
module = __import__(module_name, globals(), locals(), [obj_name])
|
|
try:
|
|
return getattr(module, obj_name)
|
|
except AttributeError as e:
|
|
raise ImportError(e)
|
|
|
|
except ImportError as e:
|
|
if not silent:
|
|
reraise(
|
|
ImportStringError, ImportStringError(import_name, e), sys.exc_info()[2]
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def find_modules(import_path, include_packages=False, recursive=False):
|
|
"""Finds all the modules below a package. This can be useful to
|
|
automatically import all views / controllers so that their metaclasses /
|
|
function decorators have a chance to register themselves on the
|
|
application.
|
|
|
|
Packages are not returned unless `include_packages` is `True`. This can
|
|
also recursively list modules but in that case it will import all the
|
|
packages to get the correct load path of that module.
|
|
|
|
:param import_path: the dotted name for the package to find child modules.
|
|
:param include_packages: set to `True` if packages should be returned, too.
|
|
:param recursive: set to `True` if recursion should happen.
|
|
:return: generator
|
|
"""
|
|
module = import_string(import_path)
|
|
path = getattr(module, "__path__", None)
|
|
if path is None:
|
|
raise ValueError("%r is not a package" % import_path)
|
|
basename = module.__name__ + "."
|
|
for _importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules(path):
|
|
modname = basename + modname
|
|
if ispkg:
|
|
if include_packages:
|
|
yield modname
|
|
if recursive:
|
|
for item in find_modules(modname, include_packages, True):
|
|
yield item
|
|
else:
|
|
yield modname
|
|
|
|
|
|
def validate_arguments(func, args, kwargs, drop_extra=True):
|
|
"""Checks if the function accepts the arguments and keyword arguments.
|
|
Returns a new ``(args, kwargs)`` tuple that can safely be passed to
|
|
the function without causing a `TypeError` because the function signature
|
|
is incompatible. If `drop_extra` is set to `True` (which is the default)
|
|
any extra positional or keyword arguments are dropped automatically.
|
|
|
|
The exception raised provides three attributes:
|
|
|
|
`missing`
|
|
A set of argument names that the function expected but where
|
|
missing.
|
|
|
|
`extra`
|
|
A dict of keyword arguments that the function can not handle but
|
|
where provided.
|
|
|
|
`extra_positional`
|
|
A list of values that where given by positional argument but the
|
|
function cannot accept.
|
|
|
|
This can be useful for decorators that forward user submitted data to
|
|
a view function::
|
|
|
|
from werkzeug.utils import ArgumentValidationError, validate_arguments
|
|
|
|
def sanitize(f):
|
|
def proxy(request):
|
|
data = request.values.to_dict()
|
|
try:
|
|
args, kwargs = validate_arguments(f, (request,), data)
|
|
except ArgumentValidationError:
|
|
raise BadRequest('The browser failed to transmit all '
|
|
'the data expected.')
|
|
return f(*args, **kwargs)
|
|
return proxy
|
|
|
|
:param func: the function the validation is performed against.
|
|
:param args: a tuple of positional arguments.
|
|
:param kwargs: a dict of keyword arguments.
|
|
:param drop_extra: set to `False` if you don't want extra arguments
|
|
to be silently dropped.
|
|
:return: tuple in the form ``(args, kwargs)``.
|
|
"""
|
|
parser = _parse_signature(func)
|
|
args, kwargs, missing, extra, extra_positional = parser(args, kwargs)[:5]
|
|
if missing:
|
|
raise ArgumentValidationError(tuple(missing))
|
|
elif (extra or extra_positional) and not drop_extra:
|
|
raise ArgumentValidationError(None, extra, extra_positional)
|
|
return tuple(args), kwargs
|
|
|
|
|
|
def bind_arguments(func, args, kwargs):
|
|
"""Bind the arguments provided into a dict. When passed a function,
|
|
a tuple of arguments and a dict of keyword arguments `bind_arguments`
|
|
returns a dict of names as the function would see it. This can be useful
|
|
to implement a cache decorator that uses the function arguments to build
|
|
the cache key based on the values of the arguments.
|
|
|
|
:param func: the function the arguments should be bound for.
|
|
:param args: tuple of positional arguments.
|
|
:param kwargs: a dict of keyword arguments.
|
|
:return: a :class:`dict` of bound keyword arguments.
|
|
"""
|
|
(
|
|
args,
|
|
kwargs,
|
|
missing,
|
|
extra,
|
|
extra_positional,
|
|
arg_spec,
|
|
vararg_var,
|
|
kwarg_var,
|
|
) = _parse_signature(func)(args, kwargs)
|
|
values = {}
|
|
for (name, _has_default, _default), value in zip(arg_spec, args):
|
|
values[name] = value
|
|
if vararg_var is not None:
|
|
values[vararg_var] = tuple(extra_positional)
|
|
elif extra_positional:
|
|
raise TypeError("too many positional arguments")
|
|
if kwarg_var is not None:
|
|
multikw = set(extra) & set([x[0] for x in arg_spec])
|
|
if multikw:
|
|
raise TypeError(
|
|
"got multiple values for keyword argument " + repr(next(iter(multikw)))
|
|
)
|
|
values[kwarg_var] = extra
|
|
elif extra:
|
|
raise TypeError("got unexpected keyword argument " + repr(next(iter(extra))))
|
|
return values
|
|
|
|
|
|
class ArgumentValidationError(ValueError):
|
|
|
|
"""Raised if :func:`validate_arguments` fails to validate"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, missing=None, extra=None, extra_positional=None):
|
|
self.missing = set(missing or ())
|
|
self.extra = extra or {}
|
|
self.extra_positional = extra_positional or []
|
|
ValueError.__init__(
|
|
self,
|
|
"function arguments invalid. (%d missing, %d additional)"
|
|
% (len(self.missing), len(self.extra) + len(self.extra_positional)),
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class ImportStringError(ImportError):
|
|
"""Provides information about a failed :func:`import_string` attempt."""
|
|
|
|
#: String in dotted notation that failed to be imported.
|
|
import_name = None
|
|
#: Wrapped exception.
|
|
exception = None
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, import_name, exception):
|
|
self.import_name = import_name
|
|
self.exception = exception
|
|
|
|
msg = (
|
|
"import_string() failed for %r. Possible reasons are:\n\n"
|
|
"- missing __init__.py in a package;\n"
|
|
"- package or module path not included in sys.path;\n"
|
|
"- duplicated package or module name taking precedence in "
|
|
"sys.path;\n"
|
|
"- missing module, class, function or variable;\n\n"
|
|
"Debugged import:\n\n%s\n\n"
|
|
"Original exception:\n\n%s: %s"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
name = ""
|
|
tracked = []
|
|
for part in import_name.replace(":", ".").split("."):
|
|
name += (name and ".") + part
|
|
imported = import_string(name, silent=True)
|
|
if imported:
|
|
tracked.append((name, getattr(imported, "__file__", None)))
|
|
else:
|
|
track = ["- %r found in %r." % (n, i) for n, i in tracked]
|
|
track.append("- %r not found." % name)
|
|
msg = msg % (
|
|
import_name,
|
|
"\n".join(track),
|
|
exception.__class__.__name__,
|
|
str(exception),
|
|
)
|
|
break
|
|
|
|
ImportError.__init__(self, msg)
|
|
|
|
def __repr__(self):
|
|
return "<%s(%r, %r)>" % (
|
|
self.__class__.__name__,
|
|
self.import_name,
|
|
self.exception,
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
from werkzeug import _DeprecatedImportModule
|
|
|
|
_DeprecatedImportModule(
|
|
__name__,
|
|
{
|
|
".datastructures": [
|
|
"CombinedMultiDict",
|
|
"EnvironHeaders",
|
|
"Headers",
|
|
"MultiDict",
|
|
],
|
|
".http": ["dump_cookie", "parse_cookie"],
|
|
},
|
|
"Werkzeug 1.0",
|
|
)
|
|
del _DeprecatedImportModule
|