""" A PostScript backend, which can produce both PostScript .ps and .eps. """ import datetime import glob from io import StringIO, TextIOWrapper import logging import os import pathlib import re import shutil import subprocess from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory import textwrap import time import numpy as np import matplotlib as mpl from matplotlib import ( cbook, _path, __version__, rcParams, checkdep_ghostscript) from matplotlib.backend_bases import ( _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, GraphicsContextBase, RendererBase) from matplotlib.cbook import (get_realpath_and_stat, is_writable_file_like, file_requires_unicode) from matplotlib.font_manager import is_opentype_cff_font, get_font from matplotlib.ft2font import KERNING_DEFAULT, LOAD_NO_HINTING from matplotlib.ttconv import convert_ttf_to_ps from matplotlib.mathtext import MathTextParser from matplotlib._mathtext_data import uni2type1 from matplotlib.path import Path from matplotlib.transforms import Affine2D from matplotlib.backends.backend_mixed import MixedModeRenderer from . import _backend_pdf_ps _log = logging.getLogger(__name__) backend_version = 'Level II' debugPS = 0 class PsBackendHelper(object): def __init__(self): self._cached = {} @cbook.deprecated("3.1") @property def gs_exe(self): """ executable name of ghostscript. """ try: return self._cached["gs_exe"] except KeyError: pass gs_exe, gs_version = checkdep_ghostscript() if gs_exe is None: gs_exe = 'gs' self._cached["gs_exe"] = str(gs_exe) return str(gs_exe) @cbook.deprecated("3.1") @property def gs_version(self): """ version of ghostscript. """ try: return self._cached["gs_version"] except KeyError: pass s = subprocess.Popen( [self.gs_exe, "--version"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE) pipe, stderr = s.communicate() ver = pipe.decode('ascii') try: gs_version = tuple(map(int, ver.strip().split("."))) except ValueError: # if something went wrong parsing return null version number gs_version = (0, 0) self._cached["gs_version"] = gs_version return gs_version @cbook.deprecated("3.1") @property def supports_ps2write(self): """ True if the installed ghostscript supports ps2write device. """ return self.gs_version[0] >= 9 ps_backend_helper = PsBackendHelper() papersize = {'letter': (8.5, 11), 'legal': (8.5, 14), 'ledger': (11, 17), 'a0': (33.11, 46.81), 'a1': (23.39, 33.11), 'a2': (16.54, 23.39), 'a3': (11.69, 16.54), 'a4': (8.27, 11.69), 'a5': (5.83, 8.27), 'a6': (4.13, 5.83), 'a7': (2.91, 4.13), 'a8': (2.07, 2.91), 'a9': (1.457, 2.05), 'a10': (1.02, 1.457), 'b0': (40.55, 57.32), 'b1': (28.66, 40.55), 'b2': (20.27, 28.66), 'b3': (14.33, 20.27), 'b4': (10.11, 14.33), 'b5': (7.16, 10.11), 'b6': (5.04, 7.16), 'b7': (3.58, 5.04), 'b8': (2.51, 3.58), 'b9': (1.76, 2.51), 'b10': (1.26, 1.76)} def _get_papertype(w, h): for key, (pw, ph) in sorted(papersize.items(), reverse=True): if key.startswith('l'): continue if w < pw and h < ph: return key return 'a0' def _num_to_str(val): if isinstance(val, str): return val ival = int(val) if val == ival: return str(ival) s = "%1.3f" % val s = s.rstrip("0") s = s.rstrip(".") return s def _nums_to_str(*args): return ' '.join(map(_num_to_str, args)) def quote_ps_string(s): "Quote dangerous characters of S for use in a PostScript string constant." s = s.replace(b"\\", b"\\\\") s = s.replace(b"(", b"\\(") s = s.replace(b")", b"\\)") s = s.replace(b"'", b"\\251") s = s.replace(b"`", b"\\301") s = re.sub(br"[^ -~\n]", lambda x: br"\%03o" % ord(x.group()), s) return s.decode('ascii') def _move_path_to_path_or_stream(src, dst): """ Move the contents of file at *src* to path-or-filelike *dst*. If *dst* is a path, the metadata of *src* are *not* copied. """ if is_writable_file_like(dst): fh = (open(src, 'r', encoding='latin-1') if file_requires_unicode(dst) else open(src, 'rb')) with fh: shutil.copyfileobj(fh, dst) else: shutil.move(src, dst, copy_function=shutil.copyfile) class RendererPS(_backend_pdf_ps.RendererPDFPSBase): """ The renderer handles all the drawing primitives using a graphics context instance that controls the colors/styles. """ @property @cbook.deprecated("3.1") def afmfontd(self, _cache=cbook.maxdict(50)): return _cache _afm_font_dir = pathlib.Path(rcParams["datapath"], "fonts", "afm") _use_afm_rc_name = "ps.useafm" def __init__(self, width, height, pswriter, imagedpi=72): # Although postscript itself is dpi independent, we need to inform the # image code about a requested dpi to generate high resolution images # and them scale them before embedding them. RendererBase.__init__(self) self.width = width self.height = height self._pswriter = pswriter if rcParams['text.usetex']: self.textcnt = 0 self.psfrag = [] self.imagedpi = imagedpi # current renderer state (None=uninitialised) self.color = None self.linewidth = None self.linejoin = None self.linecap = None self.linedash = None self.fontname = None self.fontsize = None self._hatches = {} self.image_magnification = imagedpi / 72 self._clip_paths = {} self._path_collection_id = 0 self.used_characters = {} self.mathtext_parser = MathTextParser("PS") def track_characters(self, font, s): """Keeps track of which characters are required from each font.""" realpath, stat_key = get_realpath_and_stat(font.fname) used_characters = self.used_characters.setdefault( stat_key, (realpath, set())) used_characters[1].update(map(ord, s)) def merge_used_characters(self, other): for stat_key, (realpath, charset) in other.items(): used_characters = self.used_characters.setdefault( stat_key, (realpath, set())) used_characters[1].update(charset) def set_color(self, r, g, b, store=1): if (r, g, b) != self.color: if r == g and r == b: self._pswriter.write("%1.3f setgray\n" % r) else: self._pswriter.write( "%1.3f %1.3f %1.3f setrgbcolor\n" % (r, g, b)) if store: self.color = (r, g, b) def set_linewidth(self, linewidth, store=1): linewidth = float(linewidth) if linewidth != self.linewidth: self._pswriter.write("%1.3f setlinewidth\n" % linewidth) if store: self.linewidth = linewidth def set_linejoin(self, linejoin, store=1): if linejoin != self.linejoin: self._pswriter.write("%d setlinejoin\n" % linejoin) if store: self.linejoin = linejoin def set_linecap(self, linecap, store=1): if linecap != self.linecap: self._pswriter.write("%d setlinecap\n" % linecap) if store: self.linecap = linecap def set_linedash(self, offset, seq, store=1): if self.linedash is not None: oldo, oldseq = self.linedash if np.array_equal(seq, oldseq) and oldo == offset: return if seq is not None and len(seq): s = "[%s] %d setdash\n" % (_nums_to_str(*seq), offset) self._pswriter.write(s) else: self._pswriter.write("[] 0 setdash\n") if store: self.linedash = (offset, seq) def set_font(self, fontname, fontsize, store=1): if rcParams['ps.useafm']: return if (fontname, fontsize) != (self.fontname, self.fontsize): out = ("/%s findfont\n" "%1.3f scalefont\n" "setfont\n" % (fontname, fontsize)) self._pswriter.write(out) if store: self.fontname = fontname self.fontsize = fontsize def create_hatch(self, hatch): sidelen = 72 if hatch in self._hatches: return self._hatches[hatch] name = 'H%d' % len(self._hatches) linewidth = rcParams['hatch.linewidth'] pageheight = self.height * 72 self._pswriter.write("""\ << /PatternType 1 /PaintType 2 /TilingType 2 /BBox[0 0 %(sidelen)d %(sidelen)d] /XStep %(sidelen)d /YStep %(sidelen)d /PaintProc { pop %(linewidth)f setlinewidth """ % locals()) self._pswriter.write( self._convert_path(Path.hatch(hatch), Affine2D().scale(sidelen), simplify=False)) self._pswriter.write("""\ fill stroke } bind >> matrix 0.0 %(pageheight)f translate makepattern /%(name)s exch def """ % locals()) self._hatches[hatch] = name return name def get_image_magnification(self): """ Get the factor by which to magnify images passed to draw_image. Allows a backend to have images at a different resolution to other artists. """ return self.image_magnification def draw_image(self, gc, x, y, im, transform=None): # docstring inherited h, w = im.shape[:2] imagecmd = "false 3 colorimage" data = im[::-1, :, :3] # Vertically flipped rgb values. # data.tobytes().hex() has no spaces, so can be linewrapped by relying # on textwrap.fill breaking long words. hexlines = textwrap.fill(data.tobytes().hex(), 128) if transform is None: matrix = "1 0 0 1 0 0" xscale = w / self.image_magnification yscale = h / self.image_magnification else: matrix = " ".join(map(str, transform.frozen().to_values())) xscale = 1.0 yscale = 1.0 figh = self.height * 72 bbox = gc.get_clip_rectangle() clippath, clippath_trans = gc.get_clip_path() clip = [] if bbox is not None: clipx, clipy, clipw, cliph = bbox.bounds clip.append( '%s clipbox' % _nums_to_str(clipw, cliph, clipx, clipy)) if clippath is not None: id = self._get_clip_path(clippath, clippath_trans) clip.append('%s' % id) clip = '\n'.join(clip) ps = """gsave %(clip)s %(x)s %(y)s translate [%(matrix)s] concat %(xscale)s %(yscale)s scale /DataString %(w)s string def %(w)s %(h)s 8 [ %(w)s 0 0 -%(h)s 0 %(h)s ] { currentfile DataString readhexstring pop } bind %(imagecmd)s %(hexlines)s grestore """ % locals() self._pswriter.write(ps) def _convert_path(self, path, transform, clip=False, simplify=None): if clip: clip = (0.0, 0.0, self.width * 72.0, self.height * 72.0) else: clip = None return _path.convert_to_string( path, transform, clip, simplify, None, 6, [b'm', b'l', b'', b'c', b'cl'], True).decode('ascii') def _get_clip_path(self, clippath, clippath_transform): key = (clippath, id(clippath_transform)) pid = self._clip_paths.get(key) if pid is None: pid = 'c%x' % len(self._clip_paths) ps_cmd = ['/%s {' % pid] ps_cmd.append(self._convert_path(clippath, clippath_transform, simplify=False)) ps_cmd.extend(['clip', 'newpath', '} bind def\n']) self._pswriter.write('\n'.join(ps_cmd)) self._clip_paths[key] = pid return pid def draw_path(self, gc, path, transform, rgbFace=None): # docstring inherited clip = rgbFace is None and gc.get_hatch_path() is None simplify = path.should_simplify and clip ps = self._convert_path(path, transform, clip=clip, simplify=simplify) self._draw_ps(ps, gc, rgbFace) def draw_markers( self, gc, marker_path, marker_trans, path, trans, rgbFace=None): # docstring inherited if debugPS: self._pswriter.write('% draw_markers \n') ps_color = ( None if _is_transparent(rgbFace) else '%1.3f setgray' % rgbFace[0] if rgbFace[0] == rgbFace[1] == rgbFace[2] else '%1.3f %1.3f %1.3f setrgbcolor' % rgbFace[:3]) # construct the generic marker command: # don't want the translate to be global ps_cmd = ['/o {', 'gsave', 'newpath', 'translate'] lw = gc.get_linewidth() alpha = (gc.get_alpha() if gc.get_forced_alpha() or len(gc.get_rgb()) == 3 else gc.get_rgb()[3]) stroke = lw > 0 and alpha > 0 if stroke: ps_cmd.append('%.1f setlinewidth' % lw) jint = gc.get_joinstyle() ps_cmd.append('%d setlinejoin' % jint) cint = gc.get_capstyle() ps_cmd.append('%d setlinecap' % cint) ps_cmd.append(self._convert_path(marker_path, marker_trans, simplify=False)) if rgbFace: if stroke: ps_cmd.append('gsave') if ps_color: ps_cmd.extend([ps_color, 'fill']) if stroke: ps_cmd.append('grestore') if stroke: ps_cmd.append('stroke') ps_cmd.extend(['grestore', '} bind def']) for vertices, code in path.iter_segments( trans, clip=(0, 0, self.width*72, self.height*72), simplify=False): if len(vertices): x, y = vertices[-2:] ps_cmd.append("%g %g o" % (x, y)) ps = '\n'.join(ps_cmd) self._draw_ps(ps, gc, rgbFace, fill=False, stroke=False) def draw_path_collection(self, gc, master_transform, paths, all_transforms, offsets, offsetTrans, facecolors, edgecolors, linewidths, linestyles, antialiaseds, urls, offset_position): # Is the optimization worth it? Rough calculation: # cost of emitting a path in-line is # (len_path + 2) * uses_per_path # cost of definition+use is # (len_path + 3) + 3 * uses_per_path len_path = len(paths[0].vertices) if len(paths) > 0 else 0 uses_per_path = self._iter_collection_uses_per_path( paths, all_transforms, offsets, facecolors, edgecolors) should_do_optimization = \ len_path + 3 * uses_per_path + 3 < (len_path + 2) * uses_per_path if not should_do_optimization: return RendererBase.draw_path_collection( self, gc, master_transform, paths, all_transforms, offsets, offsetTrans, facecolors, edgecolors, linewidths, linestyles, antialiaseds, urls, offset_position) write = self._pswriter.write path_codes = [] for i, (path, transform) in enumerate(self._iter_collection_raw_paths( master_transform, paths, all_transforms)): name = 'p%x_%x' % (self._path_collection_id, i) ps_cmd = ['/%s {' % name, 'newpath', 'translate'] ps_cmd.append(self._convert_path(path, transform, simplify=False)) ps_cmd.extend(['} bind def\n']) write('\n'.join(ps_cmd)) path_codes.append(name) for xo, yo, path_id, gc0, rgbFace in self._iter_collection( gc, master_transform, all_transforms, path_codes, offsets, offsetTrans, facecolors, edgecolors, linewidths, linestyles, antialiaseds, urls, offset_position): ps = "%g %g %s" % (xo, yo, path_id) self._draw_ps(ps, gc0, rgbFace) self._path_collection_id += 1 def draw_tex(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, ismath='TeX!', mtext=None): # docstring inherited w, h, bl = self.get_text_width_height_descent(s, prop, ismath) fontsize = prop.get_size_in_points() thetext = 'psmarker%d' % self.textcnt color = '%1.3f,%1.3f,%1.3f' % gc.get_rgb()[:3] fontcmd = {'sans-serif': r'{\sffamily %s}', 'monospace': r'{\ttfamily %s}'}.get( rcParams['font.family'][0], r'{\rmfamily %s}') s = fontcmd % s tex = r'\color[rgb]{%s} %s' % (color, s) corr = 0 # w/2*(fontsize-10)/10 if rcParams['text.latex.preview']: # use baseline alignment! pos = _nums_to_str(x-corr, y) self.psfrag.append( r'\psfrag{%s}[Bl][Bl][1][%f]{\fontsize{%f}{%f}%s}' % ( thetext, angle, fontsize, fontsize*1.25, tex)) else: # Stick to the bottom alignment, but this may give incorrect # baseline some times. pos = _nums_to_str(x-corr, y-bl) self.psfrag.append( r'\psfrag{%s}[bl][bl][1][%f]{\fontsize{%f}{%f}%s}' % ( thetext, angle, fontsize, fontsize*1.25, tex)) ps = """\ gsave %(pos)s moveto (%(thetext)s) show grestore """ % locals() self._pswriter.write(ps) self.textcnt += 1 def draw_text(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, ismath=False, mtext=None): # docstring inherited # local to avoid repeated attribute lookups write = self._pswriter.write if debugPS: write("% text\n") if _is_transparent(gc.get_rgb()): return # Special handling for fully transparent. if ismath == 'TeX': return self.draw_tex(gc, x, y, s, prop, angle) elif ismath: return self.draw_mathtext(gc, x, y, s, prop, angle) elif rcParams['ps.useafm']: self.set_color(*gc.get_rgb()) font = self._get_font_afm(prop) fontname = font.get_fontname() fontsize = prop.get_size_in_points() scale = 0.001 * fontsize thisx = 0 thisy = font.get_str_bbox_and_descent(s)[4] * scale last_name = None lines = [] for c in s: name = uni2type1.get(ord(c), 'question') try: width = font.get_width_from_char_name(name) except KeyError: name = 'question' width = font.get_width_char('?') if last_name is not None: kern = font.get_kern_dist_from_name(last_name, name) else: kern = 0 last_name = name thisx += kern * scale lines.append('%f %f m /%s glyphshow' % (thisx, thisy, name)) thisx += width * scale thetext = "\n".join(lines) ps = """\ gsave /%(fontname)s findfont %(fontsize)s scalefont setfont %(x)f %(y)f translate %(angle)f rotate %(thetext)s grestore """ % locals() self._pswriter.write(ps) else: font = self._get_font_ttf(prop) font.set_text(s, 0, flags=LOAD_NO_HINTING) self.track_characters(font, s) self.set_color(*gc.get_rgb()) ps_name = (font.postscript_name .encode('ascii', 'replace').decode('ascii')) self.set_font(ps_name, prop.get_size_in_points()) lastgind = None lines = [] thisx = 0 thisy = 0 for c in s: ccode = ord(c) gind = font.get_char_index(ccode) if gind is None: ccode = ord('?') name = '.notdef' gind = 0 else: name = font.get_glyph_name(gind) glyph = font.load_char(ccode, flags=LOAD_NO_HINTING) if lastgind is not None: kern = font.get_kerning(lastgind, gind, KERNING_DEFAULT) else: kern = 0 lastgind = gind thisx += kern / 64 lines.append('%f %f m /%s glyphshow' % (thisx, thisy, name)) thisx += glyph.linearHoriAdvance / 65536 thetext = '\n'.join(lines) ps = """gsave %(x)f %(y)f translate %(angle)f rotate %(thetext)s grestore """ % locals() self._pswriter.write(ps) def new_gc(self): # docstring inherited return GraphicsContextPS() def draw_mathtext(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle): """Draw the math text using matplotlib.mathtext.""" if debugPS: self._pswriter.write("% mathtext\n") width, height, descent, pswriter, used_characters = \ self.mathtext_parser.parse(s, 72, prop) self.merge_used_characters(used_characters) self.set_color(*gc.get_rgb()) thetext = pswriter.getvalue() ps = """gsave %(x)f %(y)f translate %(angle)f rotate %(thetext)s grestore """ % locals() self._pswriter.write(ps) def draw_gouraud_triangle(self, gc, points, colors, trans): self.draw_gouraud_triangles(gc, points.reshape((1, 3, 2)), colors.reshape((1, 3, 4)), trans) def draw_gouraud_triangles(self, gc, points, colors, trans): assert len(points) == len(colors) assert points.ndim == 3 assert points.shape[1] == 3 assert points.shape[2] == 2 assert colors.ndim == 3 assert colors.shape[1] == 3 assert colors.shape[2] == 4 shape = points.shape flat_points = points.reshape((shape[0] * shape[1], 2)) flat_points = trans.transform(flat_points) flat_colors = colors.reshape((shape[0] * shape[1], 4)) points_min = np.min(flat_points, axis=0) - (1 << 12) points_max = np.max(flat_points, axis=0) + (1 << 12) factor = np.ceil((2 ** 32 - 1) / (points_max - points_min)) xmin, ymin = points_min xmax, ymax = points_max streamarr = np.empty( (shape[0] * shape[1],), dtype=[('flags', 'u1'), ('points', '>u4', (2,)), ('colors', 'u1', (3,))]) streamarr['flags'] = 0 streamarr['points'] = (flat_points - points_min) * factor streamarr['colors'] = flat_colors[:, :3] * 255.0 stream = quote_ps_string(streamarr.tostring()) self._pswriter.write(""" gsave << /ShadingType 4 /ColorSpace [/DeviceRGB] /BitsPerCoordinate 32 /BitsPerComponent 8 /BitsPerFlag 8 /AntiAlias true /Decode [ %(xmin)f %(xmax)f %(ymin)f %(ymax)f 0 1 0 1 0 1 ] /DataSource (%(stream)s) >> shfill grestore """ % locals()) def _draw_ps(self, ps, gc, rgbFace, fill=True, stroke=True, command=None): """ Emit the PostScript snippet 'ps' with all the attributes from 'gc' applied. 'ps' must consist of PostScript commands to construct a path. The fill and/or stroke kwargs can be set to False if the 'ps' string already includes filling and/or stroking, in which case _draw_ps is just supplying properties and clipping. """ # local variable eliminates all repeated attribute lookups write = self._pswriter.write if debugPS and command: write("% "+command+"\n") mightstroke = (gc.get_linewidth() > 0 and not _is_transparent(gc.get_rgb())) if not mightstroke: stroke = False if _is_transparent(rgbFace): fill = False hatch = gc.get_hatch() if mightstroke: self.set_linewidth(gc.get_linewidth()) jint = gc.get_joinstyle() self.set_linejoin(jint) cint = gc.get_capstyle() self.set_linecap(cint) self.set_linedash(*gc.get_dashes()) self.set_color(*gc.get_rgb()[:3]) write('gsave\n') cliprect = gc.get_clip_rectangle() if cliprect: x, y, w, h = cliprect.bounds write('%1.4g %1.4g %1.4g %1.4g clipbox\n' % (w, h, x, y)) clippath, clippath_trans = gc.get_clip_path() if clippath: id = self._get_clip_path(clippath, clippath_trans) write('%s\n' % id) # Jochen, is the strip necessary? - this could be a honking big string write(ps.strip()) write("\n") if fill: if stroke or hatch: write("gsave\n") self.set_color(store=0, *rgbFace[:3]) write("fill\n") if stroke or hatch: write("grestore\n") if hatch: hatch_name = self.create_hatch(hatch) write("gsave\n") write("%f %f %f " % gc.get_hatch_color()[:3]) write("%s setpattern fill grestore\n" % hatch_name) if stroke: write("stroke\n") write("grestore\n") def _is_transparent(rgb_or_rgba): if rgb_or_rgba is None: return True # Consistent with rgbFace semantics. elif len(rgb_or_rgba) == 4: if rgb_or_rgba[3] == 0: return True if rgb_or_rgba[3] != 1: _log.warning( "The PostScript backend does not support transparency; " "partially transparent artists will be rendered opaque.") return False else: # len() == 3. return False class GraphicsContextPS(GraphicsContextBase): def get_capstyle(self): return {'butt': 0, 'round': 1, 'projecting': 2}[ GraphicsContextBase.get_capstyle(self)] def get_joinstyle(self): return {'miter': 0, 'round': 1, 'bevel': 2}[ GraphicsContextBase.get_joinstyle(self)] @cbook.deprecated("3.1") def shouldstroke(self): return (self.get_linewidth() > 0.0 and (len(self.get_rgb()) <= 3 or self.get_rgb()[3] != 0.0)) class FigureCanvasPS(FigureCanvasBase): fixed_dpi = 72 def draw(self): pass filetypes = {'ps': 'Postscript', 'eps': 'Encapsulated Postscript'} def get_default_filetype(self): return 'ps' def print_ps(self, outfile, *args, **kwargs): return self._print_ps(outfile, 'ps', *args, **kwargs) def print_eps(self, outfile, *args, **kwargs): return self._print_ps(outfile, 'eps', *args, **kwargs) def _print_ps(self, outfile, format, *args, papertype=None, dpi=72, facecolor='w', edgecolor='w', orientation='portrait', **kwargs): if papertype is None: papertype = rcParams['ps.papersize'] papertype = papertype.lower() if papertype == 'auto': pass elif papertype not in papersize: raise RuntimeError('%s is not a valid papertype. Use one of %s' % (papertype, ', '.join(papersize))) orientation = orientation.lower() cbook._check_in_list(['landscape', 'portrait'], orientation=orientation) isLandscape = (orientation == 'landscape') self.figure.set_dpi(72) # Override the dpi kwarg if rcParams['text.usetex']: self._print_figure_tex(outfile, format, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, orientation, isLandscape, papertype, **kwargs) else: self._print_figure(outfile, format, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, orientation, isLandscape, papertype, **kwargs) def _print_figure( self, outfile, format, dpi=72, facecolor='w', edgecolor='w', orientation='portrait', isLandscape=False, papertype=None, metadata=None, *, dryrun=False, bbox_inches_restore=None, **kwargs): """ Render the figure to hardcopy. Set the figure patch face and edge colors. This is useful because some of the GUIs have a gray figure face color background and you'll probably want to override this on hardcopy If outfile is a string, it is interpreted as a file name. If the extension matches .ep* write encapsulated postscript, otherwise write a stand-alone PostScript file. If outfile is a file object, a stand-alone PostScript file is written into this file object. metadata must be a dictionary. Currently, only the value for the key 'Creator' is used. """ isEPSF = format == 'eps' if isinstance(outfile, (str, os.PathLike)): outfile = title = os.fspath(outfile) title = title.encode("ascii", "replace").decode("ascii") passed_in_file_object = False elif is_writable_file_like(outfile): title = None passed_in_file_object = True else: raise ValueError("outfile must be a path or a file-like object") # find the appropriate papertype width, height = self.figure.get_size_inches() if papertype == 'auto': if isLandscape: papertype = _get_papertype(height, width) else: papertype = _get_papertype(width, height) if isLandscape: paperHeight, paperWidth = papersize[papertype] else: paperWidth, paperHeight = papersize[papertype] if rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] and not papertype == 'auto': # distillers will improperly clip eps files if the pagesize is # too small if width > paperWidth or height > paperHeight: if isLandscape: papertype = _get_papertype(height, width) paperHeight, paperWidth = papersize[papertype] else: papertype = _get_papertype(width, height) paperWidth, paperHeight = papersize[papertype] # center the figure on the paper xo = 72 * 0.5 * (paperWidth - width) yo = 72 * 0.5 * (paperHeight - height) l, b, w, h = self.figure.bbox.bounds llx = xo lly = yo urx = llx + w ury = lly + h rotation = 0 if isLandscape: llx, lly, urx, ury = lly, llx, ury, urx xo, yo = 72 * paperHeight - yo, xo rotation = 90 bbox = (llx, lly, urx, ury) # generate PostScript code for the figure and store it in a string origfacecolor = self.figure.get_facecolor() origedgecolor = self.figure.get_edgecolor() self.figure.set_facecolor(facecolor) self.figure.set_edgecolor(edgecolor) if dryrun: class NullWriter(object): def write(self, *args, **kwargs): pass self._pswriter = NullWriter() else: self._pswriter = StringIO() # mixed mode rendering ps_renderer = RendererPS(width, height, self._pswriter, imagedpi=dpi) renderer = MixedModeRenderer( self.figure, width, height, dpi, ps_renderer, bbox_inches_restore=bbox_inches_restore) self.figure.draw(renderer) if dryrun: # return immediately if dryrun (tightbbox=True) return self.figure.set_facecolor(origfacecolor) self.figure.set_edgecolor(origedgecolor) # check for custom metadata if metadata is not None and 'Creator' in metadata: creator_str = metadata['Creator'] else: creator_str = "matplotlib version " + __version__ + \ ", http://matplotlib.org/" def print_figure_impl(fh): # write the PostScript headers if isEPSF: print("%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0", file=fh) else: print("%!PS-Adobe-3.0\n" "%%DocumentPaperSizes: {papertype}\n" "%%Pages: 1\n".format(papertype=papertype), end="", file=fh) if title: print("%%Title: " + title, file=fh) # get source date from SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH, if set # See https://reproducible-builds.org/specs/source-date-epoch/ source_date_epoch = os.getenv("SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH") if source_date_epoch: source_date = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp( int(source_date_epoch)).strftime("%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y") else: source_date = time.ctime() print("%%Creator: {creator_str}\n" "%%CreationDate: {source_date}\n" "%%Orientation: {orientation}\n" "%%BoundingBox: {bbox[0]} {bbox[1]} {bbox[2]} {bbox[3]}\n" "%%EndComments\n" .format(creator_str=creator_str, source_date=source_date, orientation=orientation, bbox=bbox), end="", file=fh) Ndict = len(psDefs) print("%%BeginProlog", file=fh) if not rcParams['ps.useafm']: Ndict += len(ps_renderer.used_characters) print("/mpldict %d dict def" % Ndict, file=fh) print("mpldict begin", file=fh) for d in psDefs: d = d.strip() for l in d.split('\n'): print(l.strip(), file=fh) if not rcParams['ps.useafm']: for font_filename, chars in \ ps_renderer.used_characters.values(): if len(chars): font = get_font(font_filename) glyph_ids = [font.get_char_index(c) for c in chars] fonttype = rcParams['ps.fonttype'] # Can not use more than 255 characters from a # single font for Type 3 if len(glyph_ids) > 255: fonttype = 42 # The ttf to ps (subsetting) support doesn't work for # OpenType fonts that are Postscript inside (like the # STIX fonts). This will simply turn that off to avoid # errors. if is_opentype_cff_font(font_filename): raise RuntimeError( "OpenType CFF fonts can not be saved using " "the internal Postscript backend at this " "time; consider using the Cairo backend") else: fh.flush() try: convert_ttf_to_ps(os.fsencode(font_filename), fh, fonttype, glyph_ids) except RuntimeError: _log.warning("The PostScript backend does not " "currently support the selected " "font.") raise print("end", file=fh) print("%%EndProlog", file=fh) if not isEPSF: print("%%Page: 1 1", file=fh) print("mpldict begin", file=fh) print("%s translate" % _nums_to_str(xo, yo), file=fh) if rotation: print("%d rotate" % rotation, file=fh) print("%s clipbox" % _nums_to_str(width*72, height*72, 0, 0), file=fh) # write the figure content = self._pswriter.getvalue() if not isinstance(content, str): content = content.decode('ascii') print(content, file=fh) # write the trailer print("end", file=fh) print("showpage", file=fh) if not isEPSF: print("%%EOF", file=fh) fh.flush() if rcParams['ps.usedistiller']: # We are going to use an external program to process the output. # Write to a temporary file. with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir: tmpfile = os.path.join(tmpdir, "tmp.ps") with open(tmpfile, 'w', encoding='latin-1') as fh: print_figure_impl(fh) if rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] == 'ghostscript': gs_distill(tmpfile, isEPSF, ptype=papertype, bbox=bbox) elif rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] == 'xpdf': xpdf_distill(tmpfile, isEPSF, ptype=papertype, bbox=bbox) _move_path_to_path_or_stream(tmpfile, outfile) else: # Write directly to outfile. if passed_in_file_object: requires_unicode = file_requires_unicode(outfile) if not requires_unicode: fh = TextIOWrapper(outfile, encoding="latin-1") # Prevent the TextIOWrapper from closing the underlying # file. fh.close = lambda: None else: fh = outfile print_figure_impl(fh) else: with open(outfile, 'w', encoding='latin-1') as fh: print_figure_impl(fh) def _print_figure_tex( self, outfile, format, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, orientation, isLandscape, papertype, metadata=None, *, dryrun=False, bbox_inches_restore=None, **kwargs): """ If text.usetex is True in rc, a temporary pair of tex/eps files are created to allow tex to manage the text layout via the PSFrags package. These files are processed to yield the final ps or eps file. metadata must be a dictionary. Currently, only the value for the key 'Creator' is used. """ isEPSF = format == 'eps' if isinstance(outfile, str): title = outfile elif is_writable_file_like(outfile): title = None else: raise ValueError("outfile must be a path or a file-like object") self.figure.dpi = 72 # ignore the dpi kwarg width, height = self.figure.get_size_inches() xo = 0 yo = 0 l, b, w, h = self.figure.bbox.bounds llx = xo lly = yo urx = llx + w ury = lly + h bbox = (llx, lly, urx, ury) # generate PostScript code for the figure and store it in a string origfacecolor = self.figure.get_facecolor() origedgecolor = self.figure.get_edgecolor() self.figure.set_facecolor(facecolor) self.figure.set_edgecolor(edgecolor) if dryrun: class NullWriter(object): def write(self, *args, **kwargs): pass self._pswriter = NullWriter() else: self._pswriter = StringIO() # mixed mode rendering ps_renderer = RendererPS(width, height, self._pswriter, imagedpi=dpi) renderer = MixedModeRenderer(self.figure, width, height, dpi, ps_renderer, bbox_inches_restore=bbox_inches_restore) self.figure.draw(renderer) if dryrun: # return immediately if dryrun (tightbbox=True) return self.figure.set_facecolor(origfacecolor) self.figure.set_edgecolor(origedgecolor) # check for custom metadata if metadata is not None and 'Creator' in metadata: creator_str = metadata['Creator'] else: creator_str = "matplotlib version " + __version__ + \ ", http://matplotlib.org/" # write to a temp file, we'll move it to outfile when done with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir: tmpfile = os.path.join(tmpdir, "tmp.ps") with open(tmpfile, 'w', encoding='latin-1') as fh: # write the Encapsulated PostScript headers print("%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0", file=fh) if title: print("%%Title: "+title, file=fh) # get source date from SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH, if set # See https://reproducible-builds.org/specs/source-date-epoch/ source_date_epoch = os.getenv("SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH") if source_date_epoch: source_date = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp( int(source_date_epoch)).strftime( "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y") else: source_date = time.ctime() print( "%%Creator: {creator_str}\n" "%%CreationDate: {source_date}\n" "%%BoundingBox: {bbox[0]} {bbox[1]} {bbox[2]} {bbox[3]}\n" "%%EndComments\n" .format(creator_str=creator_str, source_date=source_date, bbox=bbox), end="", file=fh) print("%%BeginProlog\n" "/mpldict {len_psDefs} dict def\n" "mpldict begin\n" "{psDefs}\n" "end\n" "%%EndProlog\n" .format(len_psDefs=len(psDefs), psDefs="\n".join(psDefs)), end="", file=fh) print("mpldict begin", file=fh) print("%s translate" % _nums_to_str(xo, yo), file=fh) print("%s clipbox" % _nums_to_str(width*72, height*72, 0, 0), file=fh) # write the figure print(self._pswriter.getvalue(), file=fh) # write the trailer print("end", file=fh) print("showpage", file=fh) fh.flush() if isLandscape: # now we are ready to rotate isLandscape = True width, height = height, width bbox = (lly, llx, ury, urx) # set the paper size to the figure size if isEPSF. The # resulting ps file has the given size with correct bounding # box so that there is no need to call 'pstoeps' if isEPSF: paperWidth, paperHeight = self.figure.get_size_inches() if isLandscape: paperWidth, paperHeight = paperHeight, paperWidth else: temp_papertype = _get_papertype(width, height) if papertype == 'auto': papertype = temp_papertype paperWidth, paperHeight = papersize[temp_papertype] else: paperWidth, paperHeight = papersize[papertype] if (width > paperWidth or height > paperHeight) and isEPSF: paperWidth, paperHeight = papersize[temp_papertype] _log.info('Your figure is too big to fit on %s paper. ' '%s paper will be used to prevent clipping.', papertype, temp_papertype) texmanager = ps_renderer.get_texmanager() font_preamble = texmanager.get_font_preamble() custom_preamble = texmanager.get_custom_preamble() psfrag_rotated = convert_psfrags(tmpfile, ps_renderer.psfrag, font_preamble, custom_preamble, paperWidth, paperHeight, orientation) if (rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] == 'ghostscript' or rcParams['text.usetex']): gs_distill(tmpfile, isEPSF, ptype=papertype, bbox=bbox, rotated=psfrag_rotated) elif rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] == 'xpdf': xpdf_distill(tmpfile, isEPSF, ptype=papertype, bbox=bbox, rotated=psfrag_rotated) _move_path_to_path_or_stream(tmpfile, outfile) def convert_psfrags(tmpfile, psfrags, font_preamble, custom_preamble, paperWidth, paperHeight, orientation): """ When we want to use the LaTeX backend with postscript, we write PSFrag tags to a temporary postscript file, each one marking a position for LaTeX to render some text. convert_psfrags generates a LaTeX document containing the commands to convert those tags to text. LaTeX/dvips produces the postscript file that includes the actual text. """ tmpdir = os.path.split(tmpfile)[0] epsfile = tmpfile+'.eps' shutil.move(tmpfile, epsfile) latexfile = tmpfile+'.tex' dvifile = tmpfile+'.dvi' psfile = tmpfile+'.ps' if orientation == 'landscape': angle = 90 else: angle = 0 if rcParams['text.latex.unicode']: unicode_preamble = """\\usepackage{ucs} \\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}""" else: unicode_preamble = '' s = r"""\documentclass{article} %s %s %s \usepackage[ dvips, papersize={%sin,%sin}, body={%sin,%sin}, margin={0in,0in}]{geometry} \usepackage{psfrag} \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} \usepackage{color} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{figure} \centering \leavevmode %s \includegraphics*[angle=%s]{%s} \end{figure} \end{document} """ % (font_preamble, unicode_preamble, custom_preamble, paperWidth, paperHeight, paperWidth, paperHeight, '\n'.join(psfrags), angle, os.path.split(epsfile)[-1]) try: pathlib.Path(latexfile).write_text( s, encoding='utf-8' if rcParams['text.latex.unicode'] else 'ascii') except UnicodeEncodeError: _log.info("You are using unicode and latex, but have not enabled the " "Matplotlib 'text.latex.unicode' rcParam.") raise # Replace \\ for / so latex does not think there is a function call latexfile = latexfile.replace("\\", "/") # Replace ~ so Latex does not think it is line break latexfile = latexfile.replace("~", "\\string~") cbook._check_and_log_subprocess( ["latex", "-interaction=nonstopmode", '"%s"' % latexfile], _log, cwd=tmpdir) cbook._check_and_log_subprocess( ['dvips', '-q', '-R0', '-o', os.path.basename(psfile), os.path.basename(dvifile)], _log, cwd=tmpdir) os.remove(epsfile) shutil.move(psfile, tmpfile) # check if the dvips created a ps in landscape paper. Somehow, # above latex+dvips results in a ps file in a landscape mode for a # certain figure sizes (e.g., 8.3in,5.8in which is a5). And the # bounding box of the final output got messed up. We check see if # the generated ps file is in landscape and return this # information. The return value is used in pstoeps step to recover # the correct bounding box. 2010-06-05 JJL with open(tmpfile) as fh: if "Landscape" in fh.read(1000): psfrag_rotated = True else: psfrag_rotated = False if not debugPS: for fname in glob.glob(tmpfile+'.*'): os.remove(fname) return psfrag_rotated def gs_distill(tmpfile, eps=False, ptype='letter', bbox=None, rotated=False): """ Use ghostscript's pswrite or epswrite device to distill a file. This yields smaller files without illegal encapsulated postscript operators. The output is low-level, converting text to outlines. """ if eps: paper_option = "-dEPSCrop" else: paper_option = "-sPAPERSIZE=%s" % ptype psfile = tmpfile + '.ps' dpi = rcParams['ps.distiller.res'] cbook._check_and_log_subprocess( [mpl._get_executable_info("gs").executable, "-dBATCH", "-dNOPAUSE", "-r%d" % dpi, "-sDEVICE=ps2write", paper_option, "-sOutputFile=%s" % psfile, tmpfile], _log) os.remove(tmpfile) shutil.move(psfile, tmpfile) # While it is best if above steps preserve the original bounding # box, there seem to be cases when it is not. For those cases, # the original bbox can be restored during the pstoeps step. if eps: # For some versions of gs, above steps result in an ps file where the # original bbox is no more correct. Do not adjust bbox for now. pstoeps(tmpfile, bbox, rotated=rotated) def xpdf_distill(tmpfile, eps=False, ptype='letter', bbox=None, rotated=False): """ Use ghostscript's ps2pdf and xpdf's/poppler's pdftops to distill a file. This yields smaller files without illegal encapsulated postscript operators. This distiller is preferred, generating high-level postscript output that treats text as text. """ pdffile = tmpfile + '.pdf' psfile = tmpfile + '.ps' # Pass options as `-foo#bar` instead of `-foo=bar` to keep Windows happy # (https://www.ghostscript.com/doc/9.22/Use.htm#MS_Windows). cbook._check_and_log_subprocess( ["ps2pdf", "-dAutoFilterColorImages#false", "-dAutoFilterGrayImages#false", "-dAutoRotatePages#false", "-sGrayImageFilter#FlateEncode", "-sColorImageFilter#FlateEncode", "-dEPSCrop" if eps else "-sPAPERSIZE#%s" % ptype, tmpfile, pdffile], _log) cbook._check_and_log_subprocess( ["pdftops", "-paper", "match", "-level2", pdffile, psfile], _log) os.remove(tmpfile) shutil.move(psfile, tmpfile) if eps: pstoeps(tmpfile) for fname in glob.glob(tmpfile+'.*'): os.remove(fname) def get_bbox_header(lbrt, rotated=False): """ return a postscript header string for the given bbox lbrt=(l, b, r, t). Optionally, return rotate command. """ l, b, r, t = lbrt if rotated: rotate = "%.2f %.2f translate\n90 rotate" % (l+r, 0) else: rotate = "" bbox_info = '%%%%BoundingBox: %d %d %d %d' % (l, b, np.ceil(r), np.ceil(t)) hires_bbox_info = '%%%%HiResBoundingBox: %.6f %.6f %.6f %.6f' % ( l, b, r, t) return '\n'.join([bbox_info, hires_bbox_info]), rotate # get_bbox is deprecated. I don't see any reason to use ghostscript to # find the bounding box, as the required bounding box is alread known. @cbook.deprecated("3.0") def get_bbox(tmpfile, bbox): """ Use ghostscript's bbox device to find the center of the bounding box. Return an appropriately sized bbox centered around that point. A bit of a hack. """ gs_exe = ps_backend_helper.gs_exe command = [gs_exe, "-dBATCH", "-dNOPAUSE", "-sDEVICE=bbox", "%s" % tmpfile] _log.debug(command) p = subprocess.Popen(command, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, close_fds=True) (stdout, stderr) = (p.stdout, p.stderr) _log.debug(stdout.read()) bbox_info = stderr.read() _log.info(bbox_info) bbox_found = re.search('%%HiResBoundingBox: .*', bbox_info) if bbox_found: bbox_info = bbox_found.group() else: raise RuntimeError( 'Ghostscript was not able to extract a bounding box.' 'Here is the Ghostscript output:\n\n%s' % bbox_info) l, b, r, t = [float(i) for i in bbox_info.split()[-4:]] # this is a hack to deal with the fact that ghostscript does not return the # intended bbox, but a tight bbox. For now, we just center the ink in the # intended bbox. This is not ideal, users may intend the ink to not be # centered. if bbox is None: l, b, r, t = (l-1, b-1, r+1, t+1) else: x = (l+r)/2 y = (b+t)/2 dx = (bbox[2]-bbox[0])/2 dy = (bbox[3]-bbox[1])/2 l, b, r, t = (x-dx, y-dy, x+dx, y+dy) bbox_info = '%%%%BoundingBox: %d %d %d %d' % (l, b, np.ceil(r), np.ceil(t)) hires_bbox_info = '%%%%HiResBoundingBox: %.6f %.6f %.6f %.6f' % ( l, b, r, t) return '\n'.join([bbox_info, hires_bbox_info]) def pstoeps(tmpfile, bbox=None, rotated=False): """ Convert the postscript to encapsulated postscript. The bbox of the eps file will be replaced with the given *bbox* argument. If None, original bbox will be used. """ # if rotated==True, the output eps file need to be rotated if bbox: bbox_info, rotate = get_bbox_header(bbox, rotated=rotated) else: bbox_info, rotate = None, None epsfile = tmpfile + '.eps' with open(epsfile, 'wb') as epsh, open(tmpfile, 'rb') as tmph: write = epsh.write # Modify the header: for line in tmph: if line.startswith(b'%!PS'): write(b"%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0\n") if bbox: write(bbox_info.encode('ascii') + b'\n') elif line.startswith(b'%%EndComments'): write(line) write(b'%%BeginProlog\n' b'save\n' b'countdictstack\n' b'mark\n' b'newpath\n' b'/showpage {} def\n' b'/setpagedevice {pop} def\n' b'%%EndProlog\n' b'%%Page 1 1\n') if rotate: write(rotate.encode('ascii') + b'\n') break elif bbox and line.startswith((b'%%Bound', b'%%HiResBound', b'%%DocumentMedia', b'%%Pages')): pass else: write(line) # Now rewrite the rest of the file, and modify the trailer. # This is done in a second loop such that the header of the embedded # eps file is not modified. for line in tmph: if line.startswith(b'%%EOF'): write(b'cleartomark\n' b'countdictstack\n' b'exch sub { end } repeat\n' b'restore\n' b'showpage\n' b'%%EOF\n') elif line.startswith(b'%%PageBoundingBox'): pass else: write(line) os.remove(tmpfile) shutil.move(epsfile, tmpfile) FigureManagerPS = FigureManagerBase # The following Python dictionary psDefs contains the entries for the # PostScript dictionary mpldict. This dictionary implements most of # the matplotlib primitives and some abbreviations. # # References: # http://www.adobe.com/products/postscript/pdfs/PLRM.pdf # http://www.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.09/09.04/PostscriptTutorial/ # http://www.math.ubc.ca/people/faculty/cass/graphics/text/www/ # # The usage comments use the notation of the operator summary # in the PostScript Language reference manual. psDefs = [ # x y *m* - "/m { moveto } bind def", # x y *l* - "/l { lineto } bind def", # x y *r* - "/r { rlineto } bind def", # x1 y1 x2 y2 x y *c* - "/c { curveto } bind def", # *closepath* - "/cl { closepath } bind def", # w h x y *box* - """/box { m 1 index 0 r 0 exch r neg 0 r cl } bind def""", # w h x y *clipbox* - """/clipbox { box clip newpath } bind def""", ] @_Backend.export class _BackendPS(_Backend): FigureCanvas = FigureCanvasPS