""" The figure module provides the top-level :class:`~matplotlib.artist.Artist`, the :class:`Figure`, which contains all the plot elements. The following classes are defined :class:`SubplotParams` control the default spacing of the subplots :class:`Figure` Top level container for all plot elements. """ import logging from numbers import Integral import numpy as np from matplotlib import rcParams from matplotlib import backends, docstring, projections from matplotlib import __version__ as _mpl_version from matplotlib import get_backend import matplotlib.artist as martist from matplotlib.artist import Artist, allow_rasterization from matplotlib.backend_bases import FigureCanvasBase import matplotlib.cbook as cbook import matplotlib.colorbar as cbar import matplotlib.image as mimage from matplotlib.axes import Axes, SubplotBase, subplot_class_factory from matplotlib.blocking_input import BlockingMouseInput, BlockingKeyMouseInput from matplotlib.gridspec import GridSpec import matplotlib.legend as mlegend from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle from matplotlib.projections import (get_projection_names, process_projection_requirements) from matplotlib.text import Text, TextWithDash from matplotlib.transforms import (Affine2D, Bbox, BboxTransformTo, TransformedBbox) import matplotlib._layoutbox as layoutbox from matplotlib.backend_bases import NonGuiException _log = logging.getLogger(__name__) docstring.interpd.update(projection_names=get_projection_names()) def _stale_figure_callback(self, val): if self.figure: self.figure.stale = val class AxesStack(cbook.Stack): """ Specialization of the `.Stack` to handle all tracking of `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` in a `.Figure`. This stack stores ``key, (ind, axes)`` pairs, where: * **key** should be a hash of the args and kwargs used in generating the Axes. * **ind** is a serial number for tracking the order in which axes were added. The AxesStack is a callable, where ``ax_stack()`` returns the current axes. Alternatively the :meth:`current_key_axes` will return the current key and associated axes. """ def __init__(self): super().__init__() self._ind = 0 def as_list(self): """ Return a list of the Axes instances that have been added to the figure. """ ia_list = [a for k, a in self._elements] ia_list.sort() return [a for i, a in ia_list] def get(self, key): """ Return the Axes instance that was added with *key*. If it is not present, return *None*. """ item = dict(self._elements).get(key) if item is None: return None cbook.warn_deprecated( "2.1", message="Adding an axes using the same arguments as a previous " "axes currently reuses the earlier instance. In a future " "version, a new instance will always be created and returned. " "Meanwhile, this warning can be suppressed, and the future " "behavior ensured, by passing a unique label to each axes " "instance.") return item[1] def _entry_from_axes(self, e): ind, k = {a: (ind, k) for k, (ind, a) in self._elements}[e] return (k, (ind, e)) def remove(self, a): """Remove the axes from the stack.""" super().remove(self._entry_from_axes(a)) def bubble(self, a): """ Move the given axes, which must already exist in the stack, to the top. """ return super().bubble(self._entry_from_axes(a)) def add(self, key, a): """ Add Axes *a*, with key *key*, to the stack, and return the stack. If *key* is unhashable, replace it by a unique, arbitrary object. If *a* is already on the stack, don't add it again, but return *None*. """ # All the error checking may be unnecessary; but this method # is called so seldom that the overhead is negligible. if not isinstance(a, Axes): raise ValueError("second argument, {!r}, is not an Axes".format(a)) try: hash(key) except TypeError: key = object() a_existing = self.get(key) if a_existing is not None: super().remove((key, a_existing)) cbook._warn_external( "key {!r} already existed; Axes is being replaced".format(key)) # I don't think the above should ever happen. if a in self: return None self._ind += 1 return super().push((key, (self._ind, a))) def current_key_axes(self): """ Return a tuple of ``(key, axes)`` for the active axes. If no axes exists on the stack, then returns ``(None, None)``. """ if not len(self._elements): return self._default, self._default else: key, (index, axes) = self._elements[self._pos] return key, axes def __call__(self): return self.current_key_axes()[1] def __contains__(self, a): return a in self.as_list() class SubplotParams(object): """ A class to hold the parameters for a subplot. """ def __init__(self, left=None, bottom=None, right=None, top=None, wspace=None, hspace=None): """ All dimensions are fractions of the figure width or height. Defaults are given by :rc:`figure.subplot.[name]`. Parameters ---------- left : float The left side of the subplots of the figure. right : float The right side of the subplots of the figure. bottom : float The bottom of the subplots of the figure. top : float The top of the subplots of the figure. wspace : float The amount of width reserved for space between subplots, expressed as a fraction of the average axis width. hspace : float The amount of height reserved for space between subplots, expressed as a fraction of the average axis height. """ self.validate = True self.update(left, bottom, right, top, wspace, hspace) def update(self, left=None, bottom=None, right=None, top=None, wspace=None, hspace=None): """ Update the dimensions of the passed parameters. *None* means unchanged. """ thisleft = getattr(self, 'left', None) thisright = getattr(self, 'right', None) thistop = getattr(self, 'top', None) thisbottom = getattr(self, 'bottom', None) thiswspace = getattr(self, 'wspace', None) thishspace = getattr(self, 'hspace', None) self._update_this('left', left) self._update_this('right', right) self._update_this('bottom', bottom) self._update_this('top', top) self._update_this('wspace', wspace) self._update_this('hspace', hspace) def reset(): self.left = thisleft self.right = thisright self.top = thistop self.bottom = thisbottom self.wspace = thiswspace self.hspace = thishspace if self.validate: if self.left >= self.right: reset() raise ValueError('left cannot be >= right') if self.bottom >= self.top: reset() raise ValueError('bottom cannot be >= top') def _update_this(self, s, val): if val is None: val = getattr(self, s, None) if val is None: key = 'figure.subplot.' + s val = rcParams[key] setattr(self, s, val) class Figure(Artist): """ The top level container for all the plot elements. The Figure instance supports callbacks through a *callbacks* attribute which is a `.CallbackRegistry` instance. The events you can connect to are 'dpi_changed', and the callback will be called with ``func(fig)`` where fig is the `Figure` instance. Attributes ---------- patch The `.Rectangle` instance representing the figure background patch. suppressComposite For multiple figure images, the figure will make composite images depending on the renderer option_image_nocomposite function. If *suppressComposite* is a boolean, this will override the renderer. """ def __str__(self): return "Figure(%gx%g)" % tuple(self.bbox.size) def __repr__(self): return "<{clsname} size {h:g}x{w:g} with {naxes} Axes>".format( clsname=self.__class__.__name__, h=self.bbox.size[0], w=self.bbox.size[1], naxes=len(self.axes), ) def __init__(self, figsize=None, dpi=None, facecolor=None, edgecolor=None, linewidth=0.0, frameon=None, subplotpars=None, # default to rc tight_layout=None, # default to rc figure.autolayout constrained_layout=None, # default to rc #figure.constrained_layout.use ): """ Parameters ---------- figsize : 2-tuple of floats, default: :rc:`figure.figsize` Figure dimension ``(width, height)`` in inches. dpi : float, default: :rc:`figure.dpi` Dots per inch. facecolor : default: :rc:`figure.facecolor` The figure patch facecolor. edgecolor : default: :rc:`figure.edgecolor` The figure patch edge color. linewidth : float The linewidth of the frame (i.e. the edge linewidth of the figure patch). frameon : bool, default: :rc:`figure.frameon` If ``False``, suppress drawing the figure background patch. subplotpars : :class:`SubplotParams` Subplot parameters. If not given, the default subplot parameters :rc:`figure.subplot.*` are used. tight_layout : bool or dict, default: :rc:`figure.autolayout` If ``False`` use *subplotpars*. If ``True`` adjust subplot parameters using `.tight_layout` with default padding. When providing a dict containing the keys ``pad``, ``w_pad``, ``h_pad``, and ``rect``, the default `.tight_layout` paddings will be overridden. constrained_layout : bool If ``True`` use constrained layout to adjust positioning of plot elements. Like ``tight_layout``, but designed to be more flexible. See :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/constrainedlayout_guide` for examples. (Note: does not work with :meth:`.subplot` or :meth:`.subplot2grid`.) Defaults to :rc:`figure.constrained_layout.use`. """ super().__init__() # remove the non-figure artist _axes property # as it makes no sense for a figure to be _in_ an axes # this is used by the property methods in the artist base class # which are over-ridden in this class del self._axes self.callbacks = cbook.CallbackRegistry() if figsize is None: figsize = rcParams['figure.figsize'] if dpi is None: dpi = rcParams['figure.dpi'] if facecolor is None: facecolor = rcParams['figure.facecolor'] if edgecolor is None: edgecolor = rcParams['figure.edgecolor'] if frameon is None: frameon = rcParams['figure.frameon'] if not np.isfinite(figsize).all(): raise ValueError('figure size must be finite not ' '{}'.format(figsize)) self.bbox_inches = Bbox.from_bounds(0, 0, *figsize) self.dpi_scale_trans = Affine2D().scale(dpi, dpi) # do not use property as it will trigger self._dpi = dpi self.bbox = TransformedBbox(self.bbox_inches, self.dpi_scale_trans) self.transFigure = BboxTransformTo(self.bbox) self.patch = Rectangle( xy=(0, 0), width=1, height=1, facecolor=facecolor, edgecolor=edgecolor, linewidth=linewidth, visible=frameon) self._set_artist_props(self.patch) self.patch.set_antialiased(False) FigureCanvasBase(self) # Set self.canvas. self._suptitle = None if subplotpars is None: subplotpars = SubplotParams() self.subplotpars = subplotpars # constrained_layout: self._layoutbox = None # set in set_constrained_layout_pads() self.set_constrained_layout(constrained_layout) self.set_tight_layout(tight_layout) self._axstack = AxesStack() # track all figure axes and current axes self.clf() self._cachedRenderer = None # groupers to keep track of x and y labels we want to align. # see self.align_xlabels and self.align_ylabels and # axis._get_tick_boxes_siblings self._align_xlabel_grp = cbook.Grouper() self._align_ylabel_grp = cbook.Grouper() # list of child gridspecs for this figure self._gridspecs = [] # TODO: I'd like to dynamically add the _repr_html_ method # to the figure in the right context, but then IPython doesn't # use it, for some reason. def _repr_html_(self): # We can't use "isinstance" here, because then we'd end up importing # webagg unconditionally. if 'WebAgg' in type(self.canvas).__name__: from matplotlib.backends import backend_webagg return backend_webagg.ipython_inline_display(self) def show(self, warn=True): """ If using a GUI backend with pyplot, display the figure window. If the figure was not created using :func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.figure`, it will lack a :class:`~matplotlib.backend_bases.FigureManagerBase`, and will raise an AttributeError. .. warning:: This does not manage an GUI event loop. Consequently, the figure may only be shown briefly or not shown at all if you or your environment are not managing an event loop. Proper use cases for `.Figure.show` include running this from a GUI application or an IPython shell. If you're running a pure python shell or executing a non-GUI python script, you should use `matplotlib.pyplot.show` instead, which takes care of managing the event loop for you. Parameters ---------- warn : bool If ``True`` and we are not running headless (i.e. on Linux with an unset DISPLAY), issue warning when called on a non-GUI backend. """ try: manager = getattr(self.canvas, 'manager') except AttributeError as err: raise AttributeError("%s\n" "Figure.show works only " "for figures managed by pyplot, normally " "created by pyplot.figure()." % err) if manager is not None: try: manager.show() return except NonGuiException: pass if (backends._get_running_interactive_framework() != "headless" and warn): cbook._warn_external('Matplotlib is currently using %s, which is ' 'a non-GUI backend, so cannot show the ' 'figure.' % get_backend()) def _get_axes(self): return self._axstack.as_list() axes = property(fget=_get_axes, doc="List of axes in the Figure. You can access the " "axes in the Figure through this list. " "Do not modify the list itself. Instead, use " "`~Figure.add_axes`, `~.Figure.subplot` or " "`~.Figure.delaxes` to add or remove an axes.") def _get_dpi(self): return self._dpi def _set_dpi(self, dpi, forward=True): """ Parameters ---------- dpi : float forward : bool Passed on to `~.Figure.set_size_inches` """ self._dpi = dpi self.dpi_scale_trans.clear().scale(dpi, dpi) w, h = self.get_size_inches() self.set_size_inches(w, h, forward=forward) self.callbacks.process('dpi_changed', self) dpi = property(_get_dpi, _set_dpi, doc="The resolution in dots per inch.") def get_tight_layout(self): """Return whether `.tight_layout` is called when drawing.""" return self._tight def set_tight_layout(self, tight): """ Set whether and how `.tight_layout` is called when drawing. Parameters ---------- tight : bool or dict with keys "pad", "w_pad", "h_pad", "rect" or None If a bool, sets whether to call `.tight_layout` upon drawing. If ``None``, use the ``figure.autolayout`` rcparam instead. If a dict, pass it as kwargs to `.tight_layout`, overriding the default paddings. """ if tight is None: tight = rcParams['figure.autolayout'] self._tight = bool(tight) self._tight_parameters = tight if isinstance(tight, dict) else {} self.stale = True def get_constrained_layout(self): """ Return a boolean: True means constrained layout is being used. See :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/constrainedlayout_guide`. """ return self._constrained def set_constrained_layout(self, constrained): """ Set whether ``constrained_layout`` is used upon drawing. If None, the rcParams['figure.constrained_layout.use'] value will be used. When providing a dict containing the keys `w_pad`, `h_pad` the default ``constrained_layout`` paddings will be overridden. These pads are in inches and default to 3.0/72.0. ``w_pad`` is the width padding and ``h_pad`` is the height padding. See :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/constrainedlayout_guide`. Parameters ---------- constrained : bool or dict or None """ self._constrained_layout_pads = dict() self._constrained_layout_pads['w_pad'] = None self._constrained_layout_pads['h_pad'] = None self._constrained_layout_pads['wspace'] = None self._constrained_layout_pads['hspace'] = None if constrained is None: constrained = rcParams['figure.constrained_layout.use'] self._constrained = bool(constrained) if isinstance(constrained, dict): self.set_constrained_layout_pads(**constrained) else: self.set_constrained_layout_pads() self.stale = True def set_constrained_layout_pads(self, **kwargs): """ Set padding for ``constrained_layout``. Note the kwargs can be passed as a dictionary ``fig.set_constrained_layout(**paddict)``. See :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/constrainedlayout_guide`. Parameters ---------- w_pad : scalar Width padding in inches. This is the pad around axes and is meant to make sure there is enough room for fonts to look good. Defaults to 3 pts = 0.04167 inches h_pad : scalar Height padding in inches. Defaults to 3 pts. wspace : scalar Width padding between subplots, expressed as a fraction of the subplot width. The total padding ends up being w_pad + wspace. hspace : scalar Height padding between subplots, expressed as a fraction of the subplot width. The total padding ends up being h_pad + hspace. """ todo = ['w_pad', 'h_pad', 'wspace', 'hspace'] for td in todo: if td in kwargs and kwargs[td] is not None: self._constrained_layout_pads[td] = kwargs[td] else: self._constrained_layout_pads[td] = ( rcParams['figure.constrained_layout.' + td]) def get_constrained_layout_pads(self, relative=False): """ Get padding for ``constrained_layout``. Returns a list of `w_pad, h_pad` in inches and `wspace` and `hspace` as fractions of the subplot. See :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/constrainedlayout_guide`. Parameters ---------- relative : boolean If `True`, then convert from inches to figure relative. """ w_pad = self._constrained_layout_pads['w_pad'] h_pad = self._constrained_layout_pads['h_pad'] wspace = self._constrained_layout_pads['wspace'] hspace = self._constrained_layout_pads['hspace'] if relative and (w_pad is not None or h_pad is not None): renderer0 = layoutbox.get_renderer(self) dpi = renderer0.dpi w_pad = w_pad * dpi / renderer0.width h_pad = h_pad * dpi / renderer0.height return w_pad, h_pad, wspace, hspace def autofmt_xdate(self, bottom=0.2, rotation=30, ha='right', which=None): """ Date ticklabels often overlap, so it is useful to rotate them and right align them. Also, a common use case is a number of subplots with shared xaxes where the x-axis is date data. The ticklabels are often long, and it helps to rotate them on the bottom subplot and turn them off on other subplots, as well as turn off xlabels. Parameters ---------- bottom : scalar The bottom of the subplots for :meth:`subplots_adjust`. rotation : angle in degrees The rotation of the xtick labels. ha : string The horizontal alignment of the xticklabels. which : {None, 'major', 'minor', 'both'} Selects which ticklabels to rotate. Default is None which works the same as major. """ allsubplots = all(hasattr(ax, 'is_last_row') for ax in self.axes) if len(self.axes) == 1: for label in self.axes[0].get_xticklabels(which=which): label.set_ha(ha) label.set_rotation(rotation) else: if allsubplots: for ax in self.get_axes(): if ax.is_last_row(): for label in ax.get_xticklabels(which=which): label.set_ha(ha) label.set_rotation(rotation) else: for label in ax.get_xticklabels(which=which): label.set_visible(False) ax.set_xlabel('') if allsubplots: self.subplots_adjust(bottom=bottom) self.stale = True def get_children(self): """Get a list of artists contained in the figure.""" return [self.patch, *self.artists, *self.axes, *self.lines, *self.patches, *self.texts, *self.images, *self.legends] def contains(self, mouseevent): """ Test whether the mouse event occurred on the figure. Returns ------- bool, {} """ if self._contains is not None: return self._contains(self, mouseevent) inside = self.bbox.contains(mouseevent.x, mouseevent.y) return inside, {} def get_window_extent(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Return the figure bounding box in display space. Arguments are ignored. """ return self.bbox def suptitle(self, t, **kwargs): """ Add a centered title to the figure. Parameters ---------- t : str The title text. x : float, default 0.5 The x location of the text in figure coordinates. y : float, default 0.98 The y location of the text in figure coordinates. horizontalalignment, ha : {'center', 'left', right'}, default: 'center' The horizontal alignment of the text relative to (*x*, *y*). verticalalignment, va : {'top', 'center', 'bottom', 'baseline'}, \ default: 'top' The vertical alignment of the text relative to (*x*, *y*). fontsize, size : default: :rc:`figure.titlesize` The font size of the text. See `.Text.set_size` for possible values. fontweight, weight : default: :rc:`figure.titleweight` The font weight of the text. See `.Text.set_weight` for possible values. Returns ------- text The `.Text` instance of the title. Other Parameters ---------------- fontproperties : None or dict, optional A dict of font properties. If *fontproperties* is given the default values for font size and weight are taken from the `FontProperties` defaults. :rc:`figure.titlesize` and :rc:`figure.titleweight` are ignored in this case. **kwargs Additional kwargs are :class:`matplotlib.text.Text` properties. Examples -------- >>> fig.suptitle('This is the figure title', fontsize=12) """ manual_position = ('x' in kwargs or 'y' in kwargs) x = kwargs.pop('x', 0.5) y = kwargs.pop('y', 0.98) if 'horizontalalignment' not in kwargs and 'ha' not in kwargs: kwargs['horizontalalignment'] = 'center' if 'verticalalignment' not in kwargs and 'va' not in kwargs: kwargs['verticalalignment'] = 'top' if 'fontproperties' not in kwargs: if 'fontsize' not in kwargs and 'size' not in kwargs: kwargs['size'] = rcParams['figure.titlesize'] if 'fontweight' not in kwargs and 'weight' not in kwargs: kwargs['weight'] = rcParams['figure.titleweight'] sup = self.text(x, y, t, **kwargs) if self._suptitle is not None: self._suptitle.set_text(t) self._suptitle.set_position((x, y)) self._suptitle.update_from(sup) sup.remove() else: self._suptitle = sup self._suptitle._layoutbox = None if self._layoutbox is not None and not manual_position: w_pad, h_pad, wspace, hspace = \ self.get_constrained_layout_pads(relative=True) figlb = self._layoutbox self._suptitle._layoutbox = layoutbox.LayoutBox( parent=figlb, artist=self._suptitle, name=figlb.name+'.suptitle') # stack the suptitle on top of all the children. # Some day this should be on top of all the children in the # gridspec only. for child in figlb.children: if child is not self._suptitle._layoutbox: layoutbox.vstack([self._suptitle._layoutbox, child], padding=h_pad*2., strength='required') self.stale = True return self._suptitle def set_canvas(self, canvas): """ Set the canvas that contains the figure Parameters ---------- canvas : FigureCanvas """ self.canvas = canvas def figimage(self, X, xo=0, yo=0, alpha=None, norm=None, cmap=None, vmin=None, vmax=None, origin=None, resize=False, **kwargs): """ Add a non-resampled image to the figure. The image is attached to the lower or upper left corner depending on *origin*. Parameters ---------- X The image data. This is an array of one of the following shapes: - MxN: luminance (grayscale) values - MxNx3: RGB values - MxNx4: RGBA values xo, yo : int The *x*/*y* image offset in pixels. alpha : None or float The alpha blending value. norm : :class:`matplotlib.colors.Normalize` A :class:`.Normalize` instance to map the luminance to the interval [0, 1]. cmap : str or :class:`matplotlib.colors.Colormap` The colormap to use. Default: :rc:`image.cmap`. vmin, vmax : scalar If *norm* is not given, these values set the data limits for the colormap. origin : {'upper', 'lower'} Indicates where the [0, 0] index of the array is in the upper left or lower left corner of the axes. Defaults to :rc:`image.origin`. resize : bool If *True*, resize the figure to match the given image size. Returns ------- :class:`matplotlib.image.FigureImage` Other Parameters ---------------- **kwargs Additional kwargs are `.Artist` kwargs passed on to `.FigureImage`. Notes ----- figimage complements the axes image (:meth:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.imshow`) which will be resampled to fit the current axes. If you want a resampled image to fill the entire figure, you can define an :class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes` with extent [0,0,1,1]. Examples:: f = plt.figure() nx = int(f.get_figwidth() * f.dpi) ny = int(f.get_figheight() * f.dpi) data = np.random.random((ny, nx)) f.figimage(data) plt.show() """ if resize: dpi = self.get_dpi() figsize = [x / dpi for x in (X.shape[1], X.shape[0])] self.set_size_inches(figsize, forward=True) im = mimage.FigureImage(self, cmap, norm, xo, yo, origin, **kwargs) im.stale_callback = _stale_figure_callback im.set_array(X) im.set_alpha(alpha) if norm is None: im.set_clim(vmin, vmax) self.images.append(im) im._remove_method = self.images.remove self.stale = True return im def set_size_inches(self, w, h=None, forward=True): """Set the figure size in inches. Call signatures:: fig.set_size_inches(w, h) # OR fig.set_size_inches((w, h)) optional kwarg *forward=True* will cause the canvas size to be automatically updated; e.g., you can resize the figure window from the shell ACCEPTS: a (w, h) tuple with w, h in inches See Also -------- matplotlib.Figure.get_size_inches """ # the width and height have been passed in as a tuple to the first # argument, so unpack them if h is None: w, h = w if not all(np.isfinite(_) for _ in (w, h)): raise ValueError('figure size must be finite not ' '({}, {})'.format(w, h)) self.bbox_inches.p1 = w, h if forward: canvas = getattr(self, 'canvas') if canvas is not None: ratio = getattr(self.canvas, '_dpi_ratio', 1) dpival = self.dpi / ratio canvasw = w * dpival canvash = h * dpival manager = getattr(self.canvas, 'manager', None) if manager is not None: manager.resize(int(canvasw), int(canvash)) self.stale = True def get_size_inches(self): """ Returns the current size of the figure in inches. Returns ------- size : ndarray The size (width, height) of the figure in inches. See Also -------- matplotlib.Figure.set_size_inches """ return np.array(self.bbox_inches.p1) def get_edgecolor(self): """Get the edge color of the Figure rectangle.""" return self.patch.get_edgecolor() def get_facecolor(self): """Get the face color of the Figure rectangle.""" return self.patch.get_facecolor() def get_figwidth(self): """Return the figure width as a float.""" return self.bbox_inches.width def get_figheight(self): """Return the figure height as a float.""" return self.bbox_inches.height def get_dpi(self): """Return the resolution in dots per inch as a float.""" return self.dpi def get_frameon(self): """ Return the figure's background patch visibility, i.e. whether the figure background will be drawn. Equivalent to ``Figure.patch.get_visible()``. """ return self.patch.get_visible() def set_edgecolor(self, color): """ Set the edge color of the Figure rectangle. Parameters ---------- color : color """ self.patch.set_edgecolor(color) def set_facecolor(self, color): """ Set the face color of the Figure rectangle. Parameters ---------- color : color """ self.patch.set_facecolor(color) def set_dpi(self, val): """ Set the resolution of the figure in dots-per-inch. Parameters ---------- val : float """ self.dpi = val self.stale = True def set_figwidth(self, val, forward=True): """ Set the width of the figure in inches. Parameters ---------- val : float forward : bool """ self.set_size_inches(val, self.get_figheight(), forward=forward) def set_figheight(self, val, forward=True): """ Set the height of the figure in inches. Parameters ---------- val : float forward : bool """ self.set_size_inches(self.get_figwidth(), val, forward=forward) def set_frameon(self, b): """ Set the figure's background patch visibility, i.e. whether the figure background will be drawn. Equivalent to ``Figure.patch.set_visible()``. Parameters ---------- b : bool """ self.patch.set_visible(b) self.stale = True frameon = property(get_frameon, set_frameon) def delaxes(self, ax): """ Remove the `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` *ax* from the figure and update the current axes. """ self._axstack.remove(ax) for func in self._axobservers: func(self) self.stale = True def add_artist(self, artist, clip=False): """ Add any :class:`~matplotlib.artist.Artist` to the figure. Usually artists are added to axes objects using :meth:`matplotlib.axes.Axes.add_artist`, but use this method in the rare cases that adding directly to the figure is necessary. Parameters ---------- artist : `~matplotlib.artist.Artist` The artist to add to the figure. If the added artist has no transform previously set, its transform will be set to ``figure.transFigure``. clip : bool, optional, default ``False`` An optional parameter ``clip`` determines whether the added artist should be clipped by the figure patch. Default is *False*, i.e. no clipping. Returns ------- artist : The added `~matplotlib.artist.Artist` """ artist.set_figure(self) self.artists.append(artist) artist._remove_method = self.artists.remove if not artist.is_transform_set(): artist.set_transform(self.transFigure) if clip: artist.set_clip_path(self.patch) self.stale = True return artist def _make_key(self, *args, **kwargs): """Make a hashable key out of args and kwargs.""" def fixitems(items): # items may have arrays and lists in them, so convert them # to tuples for the key ret = [] for k, v in items: # some objects can define __getitem__ without being # iterable and in those cases the conversion to tuples # will fail. So instead of using the np.iterable(v) function # we simply try and convert to a tuple, and proceed if not. try: v = tuple(v) except Exception: pass ret.append((k, v)) return tuple(ret) def fixlist(args): ret = [] for a in args: if np.iterable(a): a = tuple(a) ret.append(a) return tuple(ret) key = fixlist(args), fixitems(kwargs.items()) return key def _process_projection_requirements( self, *args, polar=False, projection=None, **kwargs): """ Handle the args/kwargs to add_axes/add_subplot/gca, returning:: (axes_proj_class, proj_class_kwargs, proj_stack_key) which can be used for new axes initialization/identification. """ if polar: if projection is not None and projection != 'polar': raise ValueError( "polar=True, yet projection=%r. " "Only one of these arguments should be supplied." % projection) projection = 'polar' if isinstance(projection, str) or projection is None: projection_class = projections.get_projection_class(projection) elif hasattr(projection, '_as_mpl_axes'): projection_class, extra_kwargs = projection._as_mpl_axes() kwargs.update(**extra_kwargs) else: raise TypeError('projection must be a string, None or implement a ' '_as_mpl_axes method. Got %r' % projection) # Make the key without projection kwargs, this is used as a unique # lookup for axes instances key = self._make_key(*args, **kwargs) return projection_class, kwargs, key @docstring.dedent_interpd def add_axes(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Add an axes to the figure. Call signatures:: add_axes(rect, projection=None, polar=False, **kwargs) add_axes(ax) Parameters ---------- rect : sequence of float The dimensions [left, bottom, width, height] of the new axes. All quantities are in fractions of figure width and height. projection : {None, 'aitoff', 'hammer', 'lambert', 'mollweide', \ 'polar', 'rectilinear', str}, optional The projection type of the `~.axes.Axes`. *str* is the name of a custom projection, see `~matplotlib.projections`. The default None results in a 'rectilinear' projection. polar : boolean, optional If True, equivalent to projection='polar'. sharex, sharey : `~.axes.Axes`, optional Share the x or y `~matplotlib.axis` with sharex and/or sharey. The axis will have the same limits, ticks, and scale as the axis of the shared axes. label : str A label for the returned axes. Other Parameters ---------------- **kwargs This method also takes the keyword arguments for the returned axes class. The keyword arguments for the rectilinear axes class `~.axes.Axes` can be found in the following table but there might also be other keyword arguments if another projection is used, see the actual axes class. %(Axes)s Returns ------- axes : `~.axes.Axes` (or a subclass of `~.axes.Axes`) The returned axes class depends on the projection used. It is `~.axes.Axes` if rectilinear projection are used and `.projections.polar.PolarAxes` if polar projection are used. Notes ----- If the figure already has an axes with key (*args*, *kwargs*) then it will simply make that axes current and return it. This behavior is deprecated. Meanwhile, if you do not want this behavior (i.e., you want to force the creation of a new axes), you must use a unique set of args and kwargs. The axes *label* attribute has been exposed for this purpose: if you want two axes that are otherwise identical to be added to the figure, make sure you give them unique labels. In rare circumstances, `.add_axes` may be called with a single argument, a axes instance already created in the present figure but not in the figure's list of axes. See Also -------- .Figure.add_subplot .pyplot.subplot .pyplot.axes .Figure.subplots .pyplot.subplots Examples -------- Some simple examples:: rect = l, b, w, h fig = plt.figure() fig.add_axes(rect,label=label1) fig.add_axes(rect,label=label2) fig.add_axes(rect, frameon=False, facecolor='g') fig.add_axes(rect, polar=True) ax=fig.add_axes(rect, projection='polar') fig.delaxes(ax) fig.add_axes(ax) """ if not len(args): return # shortcut the projection "key" modifications later on, if an axes # with the exact args/kwargs exists, return it immediately. key = self._make_key(*args, **kwargs) ax = self._axstack.get(key) if ax is not None: self.sca(ax) return ax if isinstance(args[0], Axes): a = args[0] if a.get_figure() is not self: raise ValueError( "The Axes must have been created in the present figure") else: rect = args[0] if not np.isfinite(rect).all(): raise ValueError('all entries in rect must be finite ' 'not {}'.format(rect)) projection_class, kwargs, key = \ self._process_projection_requirements(*args, **kwargs) # check that an axes of this type doesn't already exist, if it # does, set it as active and return it ax = self._axstack.get(key) if isinstance(ax, projection_class): self.sca(ax) return ax # create the new axes using the axes class given a = projection_class(self, rect, **kwargs) return self._add_axes_internal(key, a) @docstring.dedent_interpd def add_subplot(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Add an `~.axes.Axes` to the figure as part of a subplot arrangement. Call signatures:: add_subplot(nrows, ncols, index, **kwargs) add_subplot(pos, **kwargs) add_subplot(ax) add_subplot() Parameters ---------- *args Either a 3-digit integer or three separate integers describing the position of the subplot. If the three integers are *nrows*, *ncols*, and *index* in order, the subplot will take the *index* position on a grid with *nrows* rows and *ncols* columns. *index* starts at 1 in the upper left corner and increases to the right. *pos* is a three digit integer, where the first digit is the number of rows, the second the number of columns, and the third the index of the subplot. i.e. fig.add_subplot(235) is the same as fig.add_subplot(2, 3, 5). Note that all integers must be less than 10 for this form to work. If no positional arguments are passed, defaults to (1, 1, 1). In rare circumstances, `.add_subplot` may be called with a single argument, a subplot axes instance already created in the present figure but not in the figure's list of axes. projection : {None, 'aitoff', 'hammer', 'lambert', 'mollweide', \ 'polar', 'rectilinear', str}, optional The projection type of the subplot (`~.axes.Axes`). *str* is the name of a custom projection, see `~matplotlib.projections`. The default None results in a 'rectilinear' projection. polar : boolean, optional If True, equivalent to projection='polar'. sharex, sharey : `~.axes.Axes`, optional Share the x or y `~matplotlib.axis` with sharex and/or sharey. The axis will have the same limits, ticks, and scale as the axis of the shared axes. label : str A label for the returned axes. Other Parameters ---------------- **kwargs This method also takes the keyword arguments for the returned axes base class. The keyword arguments for the rectilinear base class `~.axes.Axes` can be found in the following table but there might also be other keyword arguments if another projection is used. %(Axes)s Returns ------- axes : `.axes.SubplotBase`, or another subclass of `~.axes.Axes` The axes of the subplot. The returned axes base class depends on the projection used. It is `~.axes.Axes` if rectilinear projection are used and `.projections.polar.PolarAxes` if polar projection are used. The returned axes is then a subplot subclass of the base class. Notes ----- If the figure already has a subplot with key (*args*, *kwargs*) then it will simply make that subplot current and return it. This behavior is deprecated. Meanwhile, if you do not want this behavior (i.e., you want to force the creation of a new subplot), you must use a unique set of args and kwargs. The axes *label* attribute has been exposed for this purpose: if you want two subplots that are otherwise identical to be added to the figure, make sure you give them unique labels. See Also -------- .Figure.add_axes .pyplot.subplot .pyplot.axes .Figure.subplots .pyplot.subplots Examples -------- :: fig = plt.figure() fig.add_subplot(221) # equivalent but more general ax1 = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 1) # add a subplot with no frame ax2 = fig.add_subplot(222, frameon=False) # add a polar subplot fig.add_subplot(223, projection='polar') # add a red subplot that share the x-axis with ax1 fig.add_subplot(224, sharex=ax1, facecolor='red') #delete x2 from the figure fig.delaxes(ax2) #add x2 to the figure again fig.add_subplot(ax2) """ if not len(args): args = (1, 1, 1) if len(args) == 1 and isinstance(args[0], Integral): if not 100 <= args[0] <= 999: raise ValueError("Integer subplot specification must be a " "three-digit number, not {}".format(args[0])) args = tuple(map(int, str(args[0]))) if isinstance(args[0], SubplotBase): a = args[0] if a.get_figure() is not self: raise ValueError( "The Subplot must have been created in the present figure") # make a key for the subplot (which includes the axes object id # in the hash) key = self._make_key(*args, **kwargs) else: projection_class, kwargs, key = \ self._process_projection_requirements(*args, **kwargs) # try to find the axes with this key in the stack ax = self._axstack.get(key) if ax is not None: if isinstance(ax, projection_class): # the axes already existed, so set it as active & return self.sca(ax) return ax else: # Undocumented convenience behavior: # subplot(111); subplot(111, projection='polar') # will replace the first with the second. # Without this, add_subplot would be simpler and # more similar to add_axes. self._axstack.remove(ax) a = subplot_class_factory(projection_class)(self, *args, **kwargs) return self._add_axes_internal(key, a) def _add_axes_internal(self, key, ax): """Private helper for `add_axes` and `add_subplot`.""" self._axstack.add(key, ax) self.sca(ax) ax._remove_method = self._remove_ax self.stale = True ax.stale_callback = _stale_figure_callback return ax def subplots(self, nrows=1, ncols=1, sharex=False, sharey=False, squeeze=True, subplot_kw=None, gridspec_kw=None): """ Add a set of subplots to this figure. This utility wrapper makes it convenient to create common layouts of subplots in a single call. Parameters ---------- nrows, ncols : int, optional, default: 1 Number of rows/columns of the subplot grid. sharex, sharey : bool or {'none', 'all', 'row', 'col'}, default: False Controls sharing of properties among x (`sharex`) or y (`sharey`) axes: - True or 'all': x- or y-axis will be shared among all subplots. - False or 'none': each subplot x- or y-axis will be independent. - 'row': each subplot row will share an x- or y-axis. - 'col': each subplot column will share an x- or y-axis. When subplots have a shared x-axis along a column, only the x tick labels of the bottom subplot are created. Similarly, when subplots have a shared y-axis along a row, only the y tick labels of the first column subplot are created. To later turn other subplots' ticklabels on, use `~matplotlib.axes.Axes.tick_params`. squeeze : bool, optional, default: True - If True, extra dimensions are squeezed out from the returned array of Axes: - if only one subplot is constructed (nrows=ncols=1), the resulting single Axes object is returned as a scalar. - for Nx1 or 1xM subplots, the returned object is a 1D numpy object array of Axes objects. - for NxM, subplots with N>1 and M>1 are returned as a 2D array. - If False, no squeezing at all is done: the returned Axes object is always a 2D array containing Axes instances, even if it ends up being 1x1. subplot_kw : dict, optional Dict with keywords passed to the :meth:`~matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_subplot` call used to create each subplot. gridspec_kw : dict, optional Dict with keywords passed to the `~matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec` constructor used to create the grid the subplots are placed on. Returns ------- ax : `~.axes.Axes` object or array of Axes objects. *ax* can be either a single `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` object or an array of Axes objects if more than one subplot was created. The dimensions of the resulting array can be controlled with the squeeze keyword, see above. Examples -------- :: # First create some toy data: x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 400) y = np.sin(x**2) # Create a figure plt.figure() # Creates a subplot ax = fig.subplots() ax.plot(x, y) ax.set_title('Simple plot') # Creates two subplots and unpacks the output array immediately ax1, ax2 = fig.subplots(1, 2, sharey=True) ax1.plot(x, y) ax1.set_title('Sharing Y axis') ax2.scatter(x, y) # Creates four polar axes, and accesses them through the # returned array axes = fig.subplots(2, 2, subplot_kw=dict(polar=True)) axes[0, 0].plot(x, y) axes[1, 1].scatter(x, y) # Share a X axis with each column of subplots fig.subplots(2, 2, sharex='col') # Share a Y axis with each row of subplots fig.subplots(2, 2, sharey='row') # Share both X and Y axes with all subplots fig.subplots(2, 2, sharex='all', sharey='all') # Note that this is the same as fig.subplots(2, 2, sharex=True, sharey=True) See Also -------- .pyplot.subplots .Figure.add_subplot .pyplot.subplot """ if isinstance(sharex, bool): sharex = "all" if sharex else "none" if isinstance(sharey, bool): sharey = "all" if sharey else "none" # This check was added because it is very easy to type # `subplots(1, 2, 1)` when `subplot(1, 2, 1)` was intended. # In most cases, no error will ever occur, but mysterious behavior # will result because what was intended to be the subplot index is # instead treated as a bool for sharex. if isinstance(sharex, Integral): cbook._warn_external( "sharex argument to subplots() was an integer. Did you " "intend to use subplot() (without 's')?") cbook._check_in_list(["all", "row", "col", "none"], sharex=sharex, sharey=sharey) if subplot_kw is None: subplot_kw = {} if gridspec_kw is None: gridspec_kw = {} # don't mutate kwargs passed by user... subplot_kw = subplot_kw.copy() gridspec_kw = gridspec_kw.copy() if self.get_constrained_layout(): gs = GridSpec(nrows, ncols, figure=self, **gridspec_kw) else: # this should turn constrained_layout off if we don't want it gs = GridSpec(nrows, ncols, figure=None, **gridspec_kw) self._gridspecs.append(gs) # Create array to hold all axes. axarr = np.empty((nrows, ncols), dtype=object) for row in range(nrows): for col in range(ncols): shared_with = {"none": None, "all": axarr[0, 0], "row": axarr[row, 0], "col": axarr[0, col]} subplot_kw["sharex"] = shared_with[sharex] subplot_kw["sharey"] = shared_with[sharey] axarr[row, col] = self.add_subplot(gs[row, col], **subplot_kw) # turn off redundant tick labeling if sharex in ["col", "all"]: # turn off all but the bottom row for ax in axarr[:-1, :].flat: ax.xaxis.set_tick_params(which='both', labelbottom=False, labeltop=False) ax.xaxis.offsetText.set_visible(False) if sharey in ["row", "all"]: # turn off all but the first column for ax in axarr[:, 1:].flat: ax.yaxis.set_tick_params(which='both', labelleft=False, labelright=False) ax.yaxis.offsetText.set_visible(False) if squeeze: # Discarding unneeded dimensions that equal 1. If we only have one # subplot, just return it instead of a 1-element array. return axarr.item() if axarr.size == 1 else axarr.squeeze() else: # Returned axis array will be always 2-d, even if nrows=ncols=1. return axarr def _remove_ax(self, ax): def _reset_loc_form(axis): axis.set_major_formatter(axis.get_major_formatter()) axis.set_major_locator(axis.get_major_locator()) axis.set_minor_formatter(axis.get_minor_formatter()) axis.set_minor_locator(axis.get_minor_locator()) def _break_share_link(ax, grouper): siblings = grouper.get_siblings(ax) if len(siblings) > 1: grouper.remove(ax) for last_ax in siblings: if ax is not last_ax: return last_ax return None self.delaxes(ax) last_ax = _break_share_link(ax, ax._shared_y_axes) if last_ax is not None: _reset_loc_form(last_ax.yaxis) last_ax = _break_share_link(ax, ax._shared_x_axes) if last_ax is not None: _reset_loc_form(last_ax.xaxis) def clf(self, keep_observers=False): """ Clear the figure. Set *keep_observers* to True if, for example, a gui widget is tracking the axes in the figure. """ self.suppressComposite = None self.callbacks = cbook.CallbackRegistry() for ax in tuple(self.axes): # Iterate over the copy. ax.cla() self.delaxes(ax) # removes ax from self._axstack toolbar = getattr(self.canvas, 'toolbar', None) if toolbar is not None: toolbar.update() self._axstack.clear() self.artists = [] self.lines = [] self.patches = [] self.texts = [] self.images = [] self.legends = [] if not keep_observers: self._axobservers = [] self._suptitle = None if self.get_constrained_layout(): layoutbox.nonetree(self._layoutbox) self.stale = True def clear(self, keep_observers=False): """ Clear the figure -- synonym for :meth:`clf`. """ self.clf(keep_observers=keep_observers) @allow_rasterization def draw(self, renderer): """ Render the figure using :class:`matplotlib.backend_bases.RendererBase` instance *renderer*. """ # draw the figure bounding box, perhaps none for white figure if not self.get_visible(): return artists = self.get_children() artists.remove(self.patch) artists = sorted( (artist for artist in artists if not artist.get_animated()), key=lambda artist: artist.get_zorder()) for ax in self.axes: locator = ax.get_axes_locator() if locator: pos = locator(ax, renderer) ax.apply_aspect(pos) else: ax.apply_aspect() for child in ax.get_children(): if hasattr(child, 'apply_aspect'): locator = child.get_axes_locator() if locator: pos = locator(child, renderer) child.apply_aspect(pos) else: child.apply_aspect() try: renderer.open_group('figure') if self.get_constrained_layout() and self.axes: self.execute_constrained_layout(renderer) if self.get_tight_layout() and self.axes: try: self.tight_layout(renderer, **self._tight_parameters) except ValueError: pass # ValueError can occur when resizing a window. self.patch.draw(renderer) mimage._draw_list_compositing_images( renderer, self, artists, self.suppressComposite) renderer.close_group('figure') finally: self.stale = False self._cachedRenderer = renderer self.canvas.draw_event(renderer) def draw_artist(self, a): """ Draw :class:`matplotlib.artist.Artist` instance *a* only. This is available only after the figure is drawn. """ if self._cachedRenderer is None: raise AttributeError("draw_artist can only be used after an " "initial draw which caches the renderer") a.draw(self._cachedRenderer) def get_axes(self): """ Return a list of axes in the Figure. You can access and modify the axes in the Figure through this list. Do not modify the list itself. Instead, use `~Figure.add_axes`, `~.Figure.subplot` or `~.Figure.delaxes` to add or remove an axes. Note: This is equivalent to the property `~.Figure.axes`. """ return self.axes # Note: in the docstring below, the newlines in the examples after the # calls to legend() allow replacing it with figlegend() to generate the # docstring of pyplot.figlegend. @docstring.dedent_interpd def legend(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Place a legend on the figure. To make a legend from existing artists on every axes:: legend() To make a legend for a list of lines and labels:: legend( (line1, line2, line3), ('label1', 'label2', 'label3'), loc='upper right') These can also be specified by keyword:: legend( handles=(line1, line2, line3), labels=('label1', 'label2', 'label3'), loc='upper right') Parameters ---------- handles : sequence of `.Artist`, optional A list of Artists (lines, patches) to be added to the legend. Use this together with *labels*, if you need full control on what is shown in the legend and the automatic mechanism described above is not sufficient. The length of handles and labels should be the same in this case. If they are not, they are truncated to the smaller length. labels : sequence of strings, optional A list of labels to show next to the artists. Use this together with *handles*, if you need full control on what is shown in the legend and the automatic mechanism described above is not sufficient. Other Parameters ---------------- %(_legend_kw_doc)s Returns ------- :class:`matplotlib.legend.Legend` instance Notes ----- Not all kinds of artist are supported by the legend command. See :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/legend_guide` for details. """ handles, labels, extra_args, kwargs = mlegend._parse_legend_args( self.axes, *args, **kwargs) # check for third arg if len(extra_args): # cbook.warn_deprecated( # "2.1", # message="Figure.legend will accept no more than two " # "positional arguments in the future. Use " # "'fig.legend(handles, labels, loc=location)' " # "instead.") # kwargs['loc'] = extra_args[0] # extra_args = extra_args[1:] pass l = mlegend.Legend(self, handles, labels, *extra_args, **kwargs) self.legends.append(l) l._remove_method = self.legends.remove self.stale = True return l @cbook._delete_parameter("3.1", "withdash") @docstring.dedent_interpd def text(self, x, y, s, fontdict=None, withdash=False, **kwargs): """ Add text to figure. Parameters ---------- x, y : float The position to place the text. By default, this is in figure coordinates, floats in [0, 1]. The coordinate system can be changed using the *transform* keyword. s : str The text string. fontdict : dictionary, optional, default: None A dictionary to override the default text properties. If fontdict is None, the defaults are determined by your rc parameters. A property in *kwargs* override the same property in fontdict. withdash : boolean, optional, default: False Creates a `~matplotlib.text.TextWithDash` instance instead of a `~matplotlib.text.Text` instance. Other Parameters ---------------- **kwargs : `~matplotlib.text.Text` properties Other miscellaneous text parameters. %(Text)s Returns ------- text : `~.text.Text` See Also -------- .Axes.text .pyplot.text """ default = dict(transform=self.transFigure) if (withdash and withdash is not cbook.deprecation._deprecated_parameter): text = TextWithDash(x=x, y=y, text=s) else: text = Text(x=x, y=y, text=s) text.update(default) if fontdict is not None: text.update(fontdict) text.update(kwargs) text.set_figure(self) text.stale_callback = _stale_figure_callback self.texts.append(text) text._remove_method = self.texts.remove self.stale = True return text def _set_artist_props(self, a): if a != self: a.set_figure(self) a.stale_callback = _stale_figure_callback a.set_transform(self.transFigure) @docstring.dedent_interpd def gca(self, **kwargs): """ Get the current axes, creating one if necessary. The following kwargs are supported for ensuring the returned axes adheres to the given projection etc., and for axes creation if the active axes does not exist: %(Axes)s """ ckey, cax = self._axstack.current_key_axes() # if there exists an axes on the stack see if it matches # the desired axes configuration if cax is not None: # if no kwargs are given just return the current axes # this is a convenience for gca() on axes such as polar etc. if not kwargs: return cax # if the user has specified particular projection detail # then build up a key which can represent this else: projection_class, _, key = \ self._process_projection_requirements(**kwargs) # let the returned axes have any gridspec by removing it from # the key ckey = ckey[1:] key = key[1:] # if the cax matches this key then return the axes, otherwise # continue and a new axes will be created if key == ckey and isinstance(cax, projection_class): return cax else: cbook._warn_external('Requested projection is different ' 'from current axis projection, ' 'creating new axis with requested ' 'projection.') # no axes found, so create one which spans the figure return self.add_subplot(1, 1, 1, **kwargs) def sca(self, a): """Set the current axes to be a and return a.""" self._axstack.bubble(a) for func in self._axobservers: func(self) return a def _gci(self): """ Helper for :func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.gci`. Do not use elsewhere. """ # Look first for an image in the current Axes: cax = self._axstack.current_key_axes()[1] if cax is None: return None im = cax._gci() if im is not None: return im # If there is no image in the current Axes, search for # one in a previously created Axes. Whether this makes # sense is debatable, but it is the documented behavior. for ax in reversed(self.axes): im = ax._gci() if im is not None: return im return None def __getstate__(self): state = super().__getstate__() # the axobservers cannot currently be pickled. # Additionally, the canvas cannot currently be pickled, but this has # the benefit of meaning that a figure can be detached from one canvas, # and re-attached to another. for attr_to_pop in ('_axobservers', 'show', 'canvas', '_cachedRenderer'): state.pop(attr_to_pop, None) # add version information to the state state['__mpl_version__'] = _mpl_version # check whether the figure manager (if any) is registered with pyplot from matplotlib import _pylab_helpers if getattr(self.canvas, 'manager', None) \ in _pylab_helpers.Gcf.figs.values(): state['_restore_to_pylab'] = True # set all the layoutbox information to None. kiwisolver objects can't # be pickled, so we lose the layout options at this point. state.pop('_layoutbox', None) # suptitle: if self._suptitle is not None: self._suptitle._layoutbox = None return state def __setstate__(self, state): version = state.pop('__mpl_version__') restore_to_pylab = state.pop('_restore_to_pylab', False) if version != _mpl_version: cbook._warn_external( f"This figure was saved with matplotlib version {version} and " f"is unlikely to function correctly.") self.__dict__ = state # re-initialise some of the unstored state information self._axobservers = [] self.canvas = None self._layoutbox = None if restore_to_pylab: # lazy import to avoid circularity import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib._pylab_helpers as pylab_helpers allnums = plt.get_fignums() num = max(allnums) + 1 if allnums else 1 mgr = plt._backend_mod.new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, self) # XXX The following is a copy and paste from pyplot. Consider # factoring to pylab_helpers if self.get_label(): mgr.set_window_title(self.get_label()) # make this figure current on button press event def make_active(event): pylab_helpers.Gcf.set_active(mgr) mgr._cidgcf = mgr.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', make_active) pylab_helpers.Gcf.set_active(mgr) self.number = num plt.draw_if_interactive() self.stale = True def add_axobserver(self, func): """Whenever the axes state change, ``func(self)`` will be called.""" self._axobservers.append(func) def savefig(self, fname, *, transparent=None, **kwargs): """ Save the current figure. Call signature:: savefig(fname, dpi=None, facecolor='w', edgecolor='w', orientation='portrait', papertype=None, format=None, transparent=False, bbox_inches=None, pad_inches=0.1, frameon=None, metadata=None) The output formats available depend on the backend being used. Parameters ---------- fname : str or PathLike or file-like object A path, or a Python file-like object, or possibly some backend-dependent object such as `matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf.PdfPages`. If *format* is not set, then the output format is inferred from the extension of *fname*, if any, and from :rc:`savefig.format` otherwise. If *format* is set, it determines the output format. Hence, if *fname* is not a path or has no extension, remember to specify *format* to ensure that the correct backend is used. Other Parameters ---------------- dpi : [ *None* | scalar > 0 | 'figure' ] The resolution in dots per inch. If *None*, defaults to :rc:`savefig.dpi`. If 'figure', uses the figure's dpi value. quality : [ *None* | 1 <= scalar <= 100 ] The image quality, on a scale from 1 (worst) to 95 (best). Applicable only if *format* is jpg or jpeg, ignored otherwise. If *None*, defaults to :rc:`savefig.jpeg_quality` (95 by default). Values above 95 should be avoided; 100 completely disables the JPEG quantization stage. optimize : bool If *True*, indicates that the JPEG encoder should make an extra pass over the image in order to select optimal encoder settings. Applicable only if *format* is jpg or jpeg, ignored otherwise. Is *False* by default. progressive : bool If *True*, indicates that this image should be stored as a progressive JPEG file. Applicable only if *format* is jpg or jpeg, ignored otherwise. Is *False* by default. facecolor : color spec or None, optional The facecolor of the figure; if *None*, defaults to :rc:`savefig.facecolor`. edgecolor : color spec or None, optional The edgecolor of the figure; if *None*, defaults to :rc:`savefig.edgecolor` orientation : {'landscape', 'portrait'} Currently only supported by the postscript backend. papertype : str One of 'letter', 'legal', 'executive', 'ledger', 'a0' through 'a10', 'b0' through 'b10'. Only supported for postscript output. format : str The file format, e.g. 'png', 'pdf', 'svg', ... The behavior when this is unset is documented under *fname*. transparent : bool If *True*, the axes patches will all be transparent; the figure patch will also be transparent unless facecolor and/or edgecolor are specified via kwargs. This is useful, for example, for displaying a plot on top of a colored background on a web page. The transparency of these patches will be restored to their original values upon exit of this function. bbox_inches : str or `~matplotlib.transforms.Bbox`, optional Bbox in inches. Only the given portion of the figure is saved. If 'tight', try to figure out the tight bbox of the figure. If None, use savefig.bbox pad_inches : scalar, optional Amount of padding around the figure when bbox_inches is 'tight'. If None, use savefig.pad_inches bbox_extra_artists : list of `~matplotlib.artist.Artist`, optional A list of extra artists that will be considered when the tight bbox is calculated. metadata : dict, optional Key/value pairs to store in the image metadata. The supported keys and defaults depend on the image format and backend: - 'png' with Agg backend: See the parameter ``metadata`` of `~.FigureCanvasAgg.print_png`. - 'pdf' with pdf backend: See the parameter ``metadata`` of `~.backend_pdf.PdfPages`. - 'eps' and 'ps' with PS backend: Only 'Creator' is supported. pil_kwargs : dict, optional Additional keyword arguments that are passed to `PIL.Image.save` when saving the figure. Only applicable for formats that are saved using Pillow, i.e. JPEG, TIFF, and (if the keyword is set to a non-None value) PNG. """ kwargs.setdefault('dpi', rcParams['savefig.dpi']) if "frameon" in kwargs: cbook.warn_deprecated("3.1", name="frameon", obj_type="kwarg", alternative="facecolor") frameon = kwargs.pop("frameon") if frameon is None: frameon = dict.__getitem__(rcParams, 'savefig.frameon') else: frameon = False # Won't pass "if frameon:" below. if transparent is None: transparent = rcParams['savefig.transparent'] if transparent: kwargs.setdefault('facecolor', 'none') kwargs.setdefault('edgecolor', 'none') original_axes_colors = [] for ax in self.axes: patch = ax.patch original_axes_colors.append((patch.get_facecolor(), patch.get_edgecolor())) patch.set_facecolor('none') patch.set_edgecolor('none') else: kwargs.setdefault('facecolor', rcParams['savefig.facecolor']) kwargs.setdefault('edgecolor', rcParams['savefig.edgecolor']) if frameon: original_frameon = self.patch.get_visible() self.patch.set_visible(frameon) self.canvas.print_figure(fname, **kwargs) if frameon: self.patch.set_visible(original_frameon) if transparent: for ax, cc in zip(self.axes, original_axes_colors): ax.patch.set_facecolor(cc[0]) ax.patch.set_edgecolor(cc[1]) @docstring.dedent_interpd def colorbar(self, mappable, cax=None, ax=None, use_gridspec=True, **kw): """ Create a colorbar for a ScalarMappable instance, *mappable*. Documentation for the pyplot thin wrapper: %(colorbar_doc)s """ if ax is None: ax = self.gca() # Store the value of gca so that we can set it back later on. current_ax = self.gca() if cax is None: if use_gridspec and isinstance(ax, SubplotBase) \ and (not self.get_constrained_layout()): cax, kw = cbar.make_axes_gridspec(ax, **kw) else: cax, kw = cbar.make_axes(ax, **kw) # need to remove kws that cannot be passed to Colorbar NON_COLORBAR_KEYS = ['fraction', 'pad', 'shrink', 'aspect', 'anchor', 'panchor'] cb_kw = {k: v for k, v in kw.items() if k not in NON_COLORBAR_KEYS} cb = cbar.colorbar_factory(cax, mappable, **cb_kw) self.sca(current_ax) self.stale = True return cb def subplots_adjust(self, left=None, bottom=None, right=None, top=None, wspace=None, hspace=None): """ Update the :class:`SubplotParams` with *kwargs* (defaulting to rc when *None*) and update the subplot locations. """ if self.get_constrained_layout(): self.set_constrained_layout(False) cbook._warn_external("This figure was using " "constrained_layout==True, but that is " "incompatible with subplots_adjust and or " "tight_layout: setting " "constrained_layout==False. ") self.subplotpars.update(left, bottom, right, top, wspace, hspace) for ax in self.axes: if not isinstance(ax, SubplotBase): # Check if sharing a subplots axis if isinstance(ax._sharex, SubplotBase): ax._sharex.update_params() ax.set_position(ax._sharex.figbox) elif isinstance(ax._sharey, SubplotBase): ax._sharey.update_params() ax.set_position(ax._sharey.figbox) else: ax.update_params() ax.set_position(ax.figbox) self.stale = True def ginput(self, n=1, timeout=30, show_clicks=True, mouse_add=1, mouse_pop=3, mouse_stop=2): """ Blocking call to interact with a figure. Wait until the user clicks *n* times on the figure, and return the coordinates of each click in a list. There are three possible interactions: - Add a point. - Remove the most recently added point. - Stop the interaction and return the points added so far. The actions are assigned to mouse buttons via the arguments *mouse_add*, *mouse_pop* and *mouse_stop*. Mouse buttons are defined by the numbers: - 1: left mouse button - 2: middle mouse button - 3: right mouse button - None: no mouse button Parameters ---------- n : int, optional, default: 1 Number of mouse clicks to accumulate. If negative, accumulate clicks until the input is terminated manually. timeout : scalar, optional, default: 30 Number of seconds to wait before timing out. If zero or negative will never timeout. show_clicks : bool, optional, default: True If True, show a red cross at the location of each click. mouse_add : {1, 2, 3, None}, optional, default: 1 (left click) Mouse button used to add points. mouse_pop : {1, 2, 3, None}, optional, default: 3 (right click) Mouse button used to remove the most recently added point. mouse_stop : {1, 2, 3, None}, optional, default: 2 (middle click) Mouse button used to stop input. Returns ------- points : list of tuples A list of the clicked (x, y) coordinates. Notes ----- The keyboard can also be used to select points in case your mouse does not have one or more of the buttons. The delete and backspace keys act like right clicking (i.e., remove last point), the enter key terminates input and any other key (not already used by the window manager) selects a point. """ blocking_mouse_input = BlockingMouseInput(self, mouse_add=mouse_add, mouse_pop=mouse_pop, mouse_stop=mouse_stop) return blocking_mouse_input(n=n, timeout=timeout, show_clicks=show_clicks) def waitforbuttonpress(self, timeout=-1): """ Blocking call to interact with the figure. This will return True is a key was pressed, False if a mouse button was pressed and None if *timeout* was reached without either being pressed. If *timeout* is negative, does not timeout. """ blocking_input = BlockingKeyMouseInput(self) return blocking_input(timeout=timeout) def get_default_bbox_extra_artists(self): bbox_artists = [artist for artist in self.get_children() if (artist.get_visible() and artist.get_in_layout())] for ax in self.axes: if ax.get_visible(): bbox_artists.extend(ax.get_default_bbox_extra_artists()) # we don't want the figure's patch to influence the bbox calculation if self.patch in bbox_artists: bbox_artists.remove(self.patch) return bbox_artists def get_tightbbox(self, renderer, bbox_extra_artists=None): """ Return a (tight) bounding box of the figure in inches. Artists that have ``artist.set_in_layout(False)`` are not included in the bbox. Parameters ---------- renderer : `.RendererBase` instance renderer that will be used to draw the figures (i.e. ``fig.canvas.get_renderer()``) bbox_extra_artists : list of `.Artist` or ``None`` List of artists to include in the tight bounding box. If ``None`` (default), then all artist children of each axes are included in the tight bounding box. Returns ------- bbox : `.BboxBase` containing the bounding box (in figure inches). """ bb = [] if bbox_extra_artists is None: artists = self.get_default_bbox_extra_artists() else: artists = bbox_extra_artists for a in artists: bbox = a.get_tightbbox(renderer) if bbox is not None and (bbox.width != 0 or bbox.height != 0): bb.append(bbox) for ax in self.axes: if ax.get_visible(): # some axes don't take the bbox_extra_artists kwarg so we # need this conditional.... try: bbox = ax.get_tightbbox(renderer, bbox_extra_artists=bbox_extra_artists) except TypeError: bbox = ax.get_tightbbox(renderer) bb.append(bbox) bb = [b for b in bb if (np.isfinite(b.width) and np.isfinite(b.height) and (b.width != 0 or b.height != 0))] if len(bb) == 0: return self.bbox_inches _bbox = Bbox.union(bb) bbox_inches = TransformedBbox(_bbox, Affine2D().scale(1. / self.dpi)) return bbox_inches def init_layoutbox(self): """Initialize the layoutbox for use in constrained_layout.""" if self._layoutbox is None: self._layoutbox = layoutbox.LayoutBox(parent=None, name='figlb', artist=self) self._layoutbox.constrain_geometry(0., 0., 1., 1.) def execute_constrained_layout(self, renderer=None): """ Use ``layoutbox`` to determine pos positions within axes. See also `.set_constrained_layout_pads`. """ from matplotlib._constrained_layout import do_constrained_layout _log.debug('Executing constrainedlayout') if self._layoutbox is None: cbook._warn_external("Calling figure.constrained_layout, but " "figure not setup to do constrained layout. " " You either called GridSpec without the " "fig keyword, you are using plt.subplot, " "or you need to call figure or subplots " "with the constrained_layout=True kwarg.") return w_pad, h_pad, wspace, hspace = self.get_constrained_layout_pads() # convert to unit-relative lengths fig = self width, height = fig.get_size_inches() w_pad = w_pad / width h_pad = h_pad / height if renderer is None: renderer = layoutbox.get_renderer(fig) do_constrained_layout(fig, renderer, h_pad, w_pad, hspace, wspace) def tight_layout(self, renderer=None, pad=1.08, h_pad=None, w_pad=None, rect=None): """ Automatically adjust subplot parameters to give specified padding. To exclude an artist on the axes from the bounding box calculation that determines the subplot parameters (i.e. legend, or annotation), then set `a.set_in_layout(False)` for that artist. Parameters ---------- renderer : subclass of `~.backend_bases.RendererBase`, optional Defaults to the renderer for the figure. pad : float, optional Padding between the figure edge and the edges of subplots, as a fraction of the font size. h_pad, w_pad : float, optional Padding (height/width) between edges of adjacent subplots, as a fraction of the font size. Defaults to *pad*. rect : tuple (left, bottom, right, top), optional A rectangle (left, bottom, right, top) in the normalized figure coordinate that the whole subplots area (including labels) will fit into. Default is (0, 0, 1, 1). See Also -------- .Figure.set_tight_layout .pyplot.tight_layout """ from .tight_layout import ( get_renderer, get_subplotspec_list, get_tight_layout_figure) subplotspec_list = get_subplotspec_list(self.axes) if None in subplotspec_list: cbook._warn_external("This figure includes Axes that are not " "compatible with tight_layout, so results " "might be incorrect.") if renderer is None: renderer = get_renderer(self) kwargs = get_tight_layout_figure( self, self.axes, subplotspec_list, renderer, pad=pad, h_pad=h_pad, w_pad=w_pad, rect=rect) if kwargs: self.subplots_adjust(**kwargs) def align_xlabels(self, axs=None): """ Align the ylabels of subplots in the same subplot column if label alignment is being done automatically (i.e. the label position is not manually set). Alignment persists for draw events after this is called. If a label is on the bottom, it is aligned with labels on axes that also have their label on the bottom and that have the same bottom-most subplot row. If the label is on the top, it is aligned with labels on axes with the same top-most row. Parameters ---------- axs : list of `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` Optional list of (or ndarray) `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` to align the xlabels. Default is to align all axes on the figure. See Also -------- matplotlib.figure.Figure.align_ylabels matplotlib.figure.Figure.align_labels Notes ----- This assumes that ``axs`` are from the same `.GridSpec`, so that their `.SubplotSpec` positions correspond to figure positions. Examples -------- Example with rotated xtick labels:: fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 2) for tick in axs[0].get_xticklabels(): tick.set_rotation(55) axs[0].set_xlabel('XLabel 0') axs[1].set_xlabel('XLabel 1') fig.align_xlabels() """ if axs is None: axs = self.axes axs = np.asarray(axs).ravel() for ax in axs: _log.debug(' Working on: %s', ax.get_xlabel()) ss = ax.get_subplotspec() nrows, ncols, row0, row1, col0, col1 = ss.get_rows_columns() labpo = ax.xaxis.get_label_position() # top or bottom # loop through other axes, and search for label positions # that are same as this one, and that share the appropriate # row number. # Add to a grouper associated with each axes of sibblings. # This list is inspected in `axis.draw` by # `axis._update_label_position`. for axc in axs: if axc.xaxis.get_label_position() == labpo: ss = axc.get_subplotspec() nrows, ncols, rowc0, rowc1, colc, col1 = \ ss.get_rows_columns() if (labpo == 'bottom' and rowc1 == row1 or labpo == 'top' and rowc0 == row0): # grouper for groups of xlabels to align self._align_xlabel_grp.join(ax, axc) def align_ylabels(self, axs=None): """ Align the ylabels of subplots in the same subplot column if label alignment is being done automatically (i.e. the label position is not manually set). Alignment persists for draw events after this is called. If a label is on the left, it is aligned with labels on axes that also have their label on the left and that have the same left-most subplot column. If the label is on the right, it is aligned with labels on axes with the same right-most column. Parameters ---------- axs : list of `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` Optional list (or ndarray) of `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` to align the ylabels. Default is to align all axes on the figure. See Also -------- matplotlib.figure.Figure.align_xlabels matplotlib.figure.Figure.align_labels Notes ----- This assumes that ``axs`` are from the same `.GridSpec`, so that their `.SubplotSpec` positions correspond to figure positions. Examples -------- Example with large yticks labels:: fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 1) axs[0].plot(np.arange(0, 1000, 50)) axs[0].set_ylabel('YLabel 0') axs[1].set_ylabel('YLabel 1') fig.align_ylabels() """ if axs is None: axs = self.axes axs = np.asarray(axs).ravel() for ax in axs: _log.debug(' Working on: %s', ax.get_ylabel()) ss = ax.get_subplotspec() nrows, ncols, row0, row1, col0, col1 = ss.get_rows_columns() labpo = ax.yaxis.get_label_position() # left or right # loop through other axes, and search for label positions # that are same as this one, and that share the appropriate # column number. # Add to a list associated with each axes of sibblings. # This list is inspected in `axis.draw` by # `axis._update_label_position`. for axc in axs: if axc != ax: if axc.yaxis.get_label_position() == labpo: ss = axc.get_subplotspec() nrows, ncols, row0, row1, colc0, colc1 = \ ss.get_rows_columns() if (labpo == 'left' and colc0 == col0 or labpo == 'right' and colc1 == col1): # grouper for groups of ylabels to align self._align_ylabel_grp.join(ax, axc) def align_labels(self, axs=None): """ Align the xlabels and ylabels of subplots with the same subplots row or column (respectively) if label alignment is being done automatically (i.e. the label position is not manually set). Alignment persists for draw events after this is called. Parameters ---------- axs : list of `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` Optional list (or ndarray) of `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` to align the labels. Default is to align all axes on the figure. See Also -------- matplotlib.figure.Figure.align_xlabels matplotlib.figure.Figure.align_ylabels """ self.align_xlabels(axs=axs) self.align_ylabels(axs=axs) def add_gridspec(self, nrows, ncols, **kwargs): """ Return a `.GridSpec` that has this figure as a parent. This allows complex layout of axes in the figure. Parameters ---------- nrows : int Number of rows in grid. ncols : int Number or columns in grid. Returns ------- gridspec : `.GridSpec` Other Parameters ---------------- **kwargs Keyword arguments are passed to `.GridSpec`. See Also -------- matplotlib.pyplot.subplots Examples -------- Adding a subplot that spans two rows:: fig = plt.figure() gs = fig.add_gridspec(2, 2) ax1 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0, 0]) ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs[1, 0]) # spans two rows: ax3 = fig.add_subplot(gs[:, 1]) """ _ = kwargs.pop('figure', None) # pop in case user has added this... gs = GridSpec(nrows=nrows, ncols=ncols, figure=self, **kwargs) self._gridspecs.append(gs) return gs def figaspect(arg): """ Calculate the width and height for a figure with a specified aspect ratio. While the height is taken from :rc:`figure.figsize`, the width is adjusted to match the desired aspect ratio. Additionally, it is ensured that the width is in the range [4., 16.] and the height is in the range [2., 16.]. If necessary, the default height is adjusted to ensure this. Parameters ---------- arg : scalar or 2d array If a scalar, this defines the aspect ratio (i.e. the ratio height / width). In case of an array the aspect ratio is number of rows / number of columns, so that the array could be fitted in the figure undistorted. Returns ------- width, height The figure size in inches. Notes ----- If you want to create an axes within the figure, that still preserves the aspect ratio, be sure to create it with equal width and height. See examples below. Thanks to Fernando Perez for this function. Examples -------- Make a figure twice as tall as it is wide:: w, h = figaspect(2.) fig = Figure(figsize=(w, h)) ax = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8]) ax.imshow(A, **kwargs) Make a figure with the proper aspect for an array:: A = rand(5,3) w, h = figaspect(A) fig = Figure(figsize=(w, h)) ax = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8]) ax.imshow(A, **kwargs) """ isarray = hasattr(arg, 'shape') and not np.isscalar(arg) # min/max sizes to respect when autoscaling. If John likes the idea, they # could become rc parameters, for now they're hardwired. figsize_min = np.array((4.0, 2.0)) # min length for width/height figsize_max = np.array((16.0, 16.0)) # max length for width/height # Extract the aspect ratio of the array if isarray: nr, nc = arg.shape[:2] arr_ratio = nr / nc else: arr_ratio = arg # Height of user figure defaults fig_height = rcParams['figure.figsize'][1] # New size for the figure, keeping the aspect ratio of the caller newsize = np.array((fig_height / arr_ratio, fig_height)) # Sanity checks, don't drop either dimension below figsize_min newsize /= min(1.0, *(newsize / figsize_min)) # Avoid humongous windows as well newsize /= max(1.0, *(newsize / figsize_max)) # Finally, if we have a really funky aspect ratio, break it but respect # the min/max dimensions (we don't want figures 10 feet tall!) newsize = np.clip(newsize, figsize_min, figsize_max) return newsize docstring.interpd.update(Figure=martist.kwdoc(Figure))