Python2017/labs01/podstawy.ipynb

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  {
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   "source": [
    "# Ogólne wprowadzenie do Pythona\n",
    "\n",
    " \n",
    "\n",
    "##  19 Listopada 2017"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
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   },
   "source": [
    "## Hello Python!"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "metadata": {
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print('Hello Python')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print('Hello Python')\n",
    "print(10) \n",
    "print(3.14)\n",
    "print(123456789 * 987654321)\n",
    "print(10 ** 20)\n",
    "print(12 ** (3 + 4 *(567 % 8) / 9))\n",
    "print(\"PI\",  \"jest równe \", 3.1415)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Komentarze\n",
    " * Komentarze nie są interpretowane.\n",
    " * Komentarze w Pythonie zaczynają się od znaku '#'\n",
    " * Istnieją komentarze wielolinijkowe tagowane potrójnym \", czyli \"\"\" \"\"\"\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
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   "metadata": {
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Bardzo ważna wiadomość\") # A to jest komentarz\n",
    "\"\"\"\n",
    "Komentarz\n",
    "wielo-\n",
    "linijkowy\n",
    "\"\"\"\n",
    "# print(\"Nie chcę być wydrukowanym\")\n",
    "print(\"A teraz chcę\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
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    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Zmienne\n",
    " * case sensitive,\n",
    " * brak deklaracji typu,\n",
    " * do zmiennej można pezypisać wszystko."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
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     "slide_type": "fragment"
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   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "zmienna = \"Zmienna\"\n",
    "zmienna = 10 ** 44\n",
    "ocena_z_pythona = 5\n",
    "pi = 3.1415\n",
    "imie_prowadzacego = 'Tomek'\n",
    "nazwisko_prowadzego = \"Dwojak\"\n",
    "czy_lubie_pythona = True # False \n",
    "nic = None"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
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   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "lucky_number = 7\n",
    "lucky_number +=8\n",
    "lucky_number = lucky_number / 3\n",
    "print(lucky_number)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
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   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(type(ocena_z_pythona))\n",
    "print(type(pi))\n",
    "print(type(imie_prowadzacego))\n",
    "print(type(nazwisko_prowadzego))\n",
    "print(type(czy_lubie_pythona))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Listy\n",
    " * W Pythonie nie ma tablic, są listy;\n",
    " * Listy mogą przechowywać elementy różnych typów;\n",
    " * Indeksowanie zaczyna się od 0."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pusta_lista = [] # albo równoważnie pusta_lista = list()\n",
    "oceny = [5, 4, 3, 5, 5]\n",
    "roznosci = [3.14, \"pi\", [\"pi\"], 3]\n",
    "ciag_10_elem = range(10)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"ciąg:\", ciag_10_elem)\n",
    "print(\"rożności:\", roznosci)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
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   },
   "source": [
    "## Dodawanie i usuwanie elementów z listy"
   ]
  },
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "oceny.append(4) # Dodanie elementu na koniec\n",
    "print(oceny)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "oceny.extend([4,4,4]) # Rozszerzenie o inną listę\n",
    "print(oceny)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "oceny.pop(4) # Domyślnie usuwa ostatni element z listy\n",
    "print(oceny)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
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   },
   "source": [
    "## Indeksowanie"
   ]
  },
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   "source": [
    "print(oceny)\n",
    "print('pierwszy element:', oceny[0])\n",
    "print('ostatni element:', oceny[-1])\n",
    "print('5 pierwszych:', oceny[:5])\n",
    "print('5 ostatnich', oceny[-5:])\n",
    "print('od drugiego, do piątego', oceny[1:5])\n",
    "print('parzyste:', oceny[::2])\n",
    "print('od tyłu', oceny[::-1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Co możemy zrobić z listą?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "oceny.sort()\n",
    "print(oceny)\n",
    "oceny.reverse()\n",
    "print(\"liczba piątek\", oceny.count(5))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Pętla typu ```for```\n",
    " * W Pythonie pętla *for* działa jak pętla *for each* w innych językach;\n",
    " * W Pythonie nie ma klamr, ani *begin* i *end*; jako ciało pętli musi być wcięte (najcześciej 4 spacje)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
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   "metadata": {
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(10):# range[5] = [0,1,2,3,4]\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "    \n",
    "print('element:', i) # Uwaga wcięcie!\n",
    "print('sqr:', i **2) # Uwaga wcięcie!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Schemat:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
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   "metadata": {
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   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for zmienna in lista:\n",
    "    # jakiś kod"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
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   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for ocena in oceny:\n",
    "    print(\"Ocena:\", ocena)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Lista kwadratów"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "kwadraty = []\n",
    "for i in range(10):\n",
    "    kwadraty.append(i ** 2)\n",
    "print(kwadraty)\n",
    "print(kwadraty[5])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Słowniki, czyli mapy"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "slownik = {}\n",
    "s_oceny = {\"Justyna\" : [5,5,5], \"Bartek\" : [3,4,5], \"Ola\": [3,3,3]}\n",
    "print(s_oceny)\n",
    "s_oceny[1234567890] = [3,4,5]\n",
    "#print(\"ADAM:\", s_oceny[\"Adam\"])\n",
    "print(s_oceny)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
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   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s_oceny['Ala'] = [2,2,2,4,4,4,3,3,3]\n",
    "print(s_oceny)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Iterowanie po słowniku"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
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   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for osoba in s_oceny:\n",
    "    print(osoba,':', s_oceny[osoba])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
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   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for osoba, oceny in s_oceny.items():\n",
    "    print(osoba,':', oceny)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Instrukcja sterująca ```if ... else```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    " * działa tak samo, jak w innych języka;\n",
    " * jest dodatkowa instrukcja następnego warunku *elif...*;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
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   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "zmienna = 7\n",
    "if zmienna < 0:\n",
    "    print(\"Ujemna!\")\n",
    "elif zmienna == 0:\n",
    "    print(\"Zero!\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "if \"Ala\" in s_oceny:\n",
    "    print(\"Ala jest w grupie!\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"Niestety Ali nie ma  grupie!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Funkcje"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
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   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def is_greater_than_5(x):\n",
    "    if x > 5:\n",
    "        return True\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        return False"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(is_greater_than_5(5))\n",
    "print(is_greater_than_5(-100))\n",
    "print(is_greater_than_5(500))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Łańcuchy znakowe"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Wiadomość\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "napis = \"Wiadomość\"\n",
    "print(napis)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
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   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "W 87\n",
      "i 105\n",
      "a 97\n",
      "d 100\n",
      "o 111\n",
      "m 109\n",
      "o 111\n",
      "ś 347\n",
      "ć 263\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for znak in napis:\n",
    "    print(znak, ord(znak))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "if 'dom' in napis:\n",
    "    print(True)\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "slowa = ['Bardzo' , 'ważna', 'wiadomość']\n",
    "print(' '.join(slowa))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "text = \"Bardzo ważna wiadomość\"\n",
    "print(text.split(' '))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "text = \"Nie wszyscy lubią spacje na końcu linii.       \"\n",
    "print(text)\n",
    "print(text.strip(' '))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Pytania?"
   ]
  }
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