524 lines
18 KiB
Python
524 lines
18 KiB
Python
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import re
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from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, cast
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import warnings
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import numpy as np
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from pandas.util._decorators import Appender, deprecate_kwarg
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from pandas.core.dtypes.common import is_extension_array_dtype, is_list_like
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from pandas.core.dtypes.concat import concat_compat
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from pandas.core.dtypes.missing import notna
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from pandas.core.arrays import Categorical
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import pandas.core.common as com
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from pandas.core.indexes.api import Index, MultiIndex
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from pandas.core.reshape.concat import concat
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from pandas.core.reshape.util import tile_compat
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from pandas.core.shared_docs import _shared_docs
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from pandas.core.tools.numeric import to_numeric
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if TYPE_CHECKING:
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from pandas import DataFrame, Series
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@Appender(_shared_docs["melt"] % {"caller": "pd.melt(df, ", "other": "DataFrame.melt"})
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def melt(
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frame: "DataFrame",
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id_vars=None,
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value_vars=None,
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var_name=None,
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value_name="value",
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col_level=None,
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ignore_index: bool = True,
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) -> "DataFrame":
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# If multiindex, gather names of columns on all level for checking presence
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# of `id_vars` and `value_vars`
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if isinstance(frame.columns, MultiIndex):
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cols = [x for c in frame.columns for x in c]
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else:
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cols = list(frame.columns)
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if value_name in frame.columns:
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warnings.warn(
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"This dataframe has a column name that matches the 'value_name' column "
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"name of the resulting Dataframe. "
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"In the future this will raise an error, please set the 'value_name' "
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"parameter of DataFrame.melt to a unique name.",
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FutureWarning,
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stacklevel=3,
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)
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if id_vars is not None:
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if not is_list_like(id_vars):
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id_vars = [id_vars]
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elif isinstance(frame.columns, MultiIndex) and not isinstance(id_vars, list):
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raise ValueError(
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"id_vars must be a list of tuples when columns are a MultiIndex"
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)
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else:
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# Check that `id_vars` are in frame
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id_vars = list(id_vars)
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missing = Index(com.flatten(id_vars)).difference(cols)
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if not missing.empty:
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raise KeyError(
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"The following 'id_vars' are not present "
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f"in the DataFrame: {list(missing)}"
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)
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else:
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id_vars = []
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if value_vars is not None:
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if not is_list_like(value_vars):
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value_vars = [value_vars]
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elif isinstance(frame.columns, MultiIndex) and not isinstance(value_vars, list):
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raise ValueError(
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"value_vars must be a list of tuples when columns are a MultiIndex"
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)
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else:
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value_vars = list(value_vars)
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# Check that `value_vars` are in frame
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missing = Index(com.flatten(value_vars)).difference(cols)
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if not missing.empty:
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raise KeyError(
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"The following 'value_vars' are not present in "
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f"the DataFrame: {list(missing)}"
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)
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if col_level is not None:
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idx = frame.columns.get_level_values(col_level).get_indexer(
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id_vars + value_vars
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)
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else:
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idx = frame.columns.get_indexer(id_vars + value_vars)
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frame = frame.iloc[:, idx]
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else:
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frame = frame.copy()
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if col_level is not None: # allow list or other?
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# frame is a copy
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frame.columns = frame.columns.get_level_values(col_level)
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if var_name is None:
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if isinstance(frame.columns, MultiIndex):
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if len(frame.columns.names) == len(set(frame.columns.names)):
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var_name = frame.columns.names
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else:
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var_name = [f"variable_{i}" for i in range(len(frame.columns.names))]
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else:
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var_name = [
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frame.columns.name if frame.columns.name is not None else "variable"
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]
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if isinstance(var_name, str):
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var_name = [var_name]
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N, K = frame.shape
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K -= len(id_vars)
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mdata = {}
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for col in id_vars:
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id_data = frame.pop(col)
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if is_extension_array_dtype(id_data):
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id_data = cast("Series", concat([id_data] * K, ignore_index=True))
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else:
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id_data = np.tile(id_data._values, K)
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mdata[col] = id_data
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mcolumns = id_vars + var_name + [value_name]
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mdata[value_name] = frame._values.ravel("F")
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for i, col in enumerate(var_name):
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# asanyarray will keep the columns as an Index
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mdata[col] = np.asanyarray(frame.columns._get_level_values(i)).repeat(N)
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result = frame._constructor(mdata, columns=mcolumns)
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if not ignore_index:
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result.index = tile_compat(frame.index, K)
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return result
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@deprecate_kwarg(old_arg_name="label", new_arg_name=None)
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def lreshape(data: "DataFrame", groups, dropna: bool = True, label=None) -> "DataFrame":
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"""
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Reshape wide-format data to long. Generalized inverse of DataFrame.pivot.
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Accepts a dictionary, ``groups``, in which each key is a new column name
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and each value is a list of old column names that will be "melted" under
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the new column name as part of the reshape.
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Parameters
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----------
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data : DataFrame
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The wide-format DataFrame.
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groups : dict
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{new_name : list_of_columns}.
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dropna : bool, default True
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Do not include columns whose entries are all NaN.
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label : None
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Not used.
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.. deprecated:: 1.0.0
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Returns
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-------
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DataFrame
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Reshaped DataFrame.
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See Also
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--------
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melt : Unpivot a DataFrame from wide to long format, optionally leaving
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identifiers set.
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pivot : Create a spreadsheet-style pivot table as a DataFrame.
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DataFrame.pivot : Pivot without aggregation that can handle
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non-numeric data.
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DataFrame.pivot_table : Generalization of pivot that can handle
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duplicate values for one index/column pair.
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DataFrame.unstack : Pivot based on the index values instead of a
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column.
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wide_to_long : Wide panel to long format. Less flexible but more
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user-friendly than melt.
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Examples
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--------
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>>> data = pd.DataFrame({'hr1': [514, 573], 'hr2': [545, 526],
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... 'team': ['Red Sox', 'Yankees'],
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... 'year1': [2007, 2007], 'year2': [2008, 2008]})
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>>> data
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hr1 hr2 team year1 year2
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0 514 545 Red Sox 2007 2008
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1 573 526 Yankees 2007 2008
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>>> pd.lreshape(data, {'year': ['year1', 'year2'], 'hr': ['hr1', 'hr2']})
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team year hr
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0 Red Sox 2007 514
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1 Yankees 2007 573
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2 Red Sox 2008 545
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3 Yankees 2008 526
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"""
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if isinstance(groups, dict):
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keys = list(groups.keys())
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values = list(groups.values())
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else:
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keys, values = zip(*groups)
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all_cols = list(set.union(*[set(x) for x in values]))
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id_cols = list(data.columns.difference(all_cols))
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K = len(values[0])
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for seq in values:
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if len(seq) != K:
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raise ValueError("All column lists must be same length")
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mdata = {}
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pivot_cols = []
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for target, names in zip(keys, values):
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to_concat = [data[col]._values for col in names]
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mdata[target] = concat_compat(to_concat)
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pivot_cols.append(target)
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for col in id_cols:
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mdata[col] = np.tile(data[col]._values, K)
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if dropna:
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mask = np.ones(len(mdata[pivot_cols[0]]), dtype=bool)
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for c in pivot_cols:
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mask &= notna(mdata[c])
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if not mask.all():
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mdata = {k: v[mask] for k, v in mdata.items()}
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return data._constructor(mdata, columns=id_cols + pivot_cols)
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def wide_to_long(
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df: "DataFrame", stubnames, i, j, sep: str = "", suffix: str = r"\d+"
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) -> "DataFrame":
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r"""
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Wide panel to long format. Less flexible but more user-friendly than melt.
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With stubnames ['A', 'B'], this function expects to find one or more
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group of columns with format
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A-suffix1, A-suffix2,..., B-suffix1, B-suffix2,...
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You specify what you want to call this suffix in the resulting long format
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with `j` (for example `j='year'`)
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Each row of these wide variables are assumed to be uniquely identified by
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`i` (can be a single column name or a list of column names)
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All remaining variables in the data frame are left intact.
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Parameters
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----------
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df : DataFrame
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The wide-format DataFrame.
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stubnames : str or list-like
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The stub name(s). The wide format variables are assumed to
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start with the stub names.
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i : str or list-like
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Column(s) to use as id variable(s).
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j : str
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The name of the sub-observation variable. What you wish to name your
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suffix in the long format.
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sep : str, default ""
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A character indicating the separation of the variable names
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in the wide format, to be stripped from the names in the long format.
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For example, if your column names are A-suffix1, A-suffix2, you
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can strip the hyphen by specifying `sep='-'`.
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suffix : str, default '\\d+'
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A regular expression capturing the wanted suffixes. '\\d+' captures
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numeric suffixes. Suffixes with no numbers could be specified with the
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negated character class '\\D+'. You can also further disambiguate
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suffixes, for example, if your wide variables are of the form A-one,
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B-two,.., and you have an unrelated column A-rating, you can ignore the
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last one by specifying `suffix='(!?one|two)'`. When all suffixes are
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numeric, they are cast to int64/float64.
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Returns
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-------
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DataFrame
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A DataFrame that contains each stub name as a variable, with new index
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(i, j).
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See Also
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--------
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melt : Unpivot a DataFrame from wide to long format, optionally leaving
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identifiers set.
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pivot : Create a spreadsheet-style pivot table as a DataFrame.
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DataFrame.pivot : Pivot without aggregation that can handle
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non-numeric data.
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DataFrame.pivot_table : Generalization of pivot that can handle
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duplicate values for one index/column pair.
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DataFrame.unstack : Pivot based on the index values instead of a
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column.
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Notes
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-----
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All extra variables are left untouched. This simply uses
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`pandas.melt` under the hood, but is hard-coded to "do the right thing"
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in a typical case.
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Examples
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--------
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>>> np.random.seed(123)
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>>> df = pd.DataFrame({"A1970" : {0 : "a", 1 : "b", 2 : "c"},
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... "A1980" : {0 : "d", 1 : "e", 2 : "f"},
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... "B1970" : {0 : 2.5, 1 : 1.2, 2 : .7},
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... "B1980" : {0 : 3.2, 1 : 1.3, 2 : .1},
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... "X" : dict(zip(range(3), np.random.randn(3)))
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... })
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>>> df["id"] = df.index
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>>> df
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A1970 A1980 B1970 B1980 X id
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0 a d 2.5 3.2 -1.085631 0
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1 b e 1.2 1.3 0.997345 1
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2 c f 0.7 0.1 0.282978 2
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>>> pd.wide_to_long(df, ["A", "B"], i="id", j="year")
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... # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
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X A B
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id year
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0 1970 -1.085631 a 2.5
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1 1970 0.997345 b 1.2
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2 1970 0.282978 c 0.7
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0 1980 -1.085631 d 3.2
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1 1980 0.997345 e 1.3
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2 1980 0.282978 f 0.1
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With multiple id columns
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>>> df = pd.DataFrame({
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... 'famid': [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3],
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... 'birth': [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
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... 'ht1': [2.8, 2.9, 2.2, 2, 1.8, 1.9, 2.2, 2.3, 2.1],
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... 'ht2': [3.4, 3.8, 2.9, 3.2, 2.8, 2.4, 3.3, 3.4, 2.9]
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... })
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>>> df
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famid birth ht1 ht2
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0 1 1 2.8 3.4
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1 1 2 2.9 3.8
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2 1 3 2.2 2.9
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3 2 1 2.0 3.2
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4 2 2 1.8 2.8
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5 2 3 1.9 2.4
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6 3 1 2.2 3.3
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7 3 2 2.3 3.4
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8 3 3 2.1 2.9
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>>> l = pd.wide_to_long(df, stubnames='ht', i=['famid', 'birth'], j='age')
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>>> l
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... # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
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ht
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famid birth age
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1 1 1 2.8
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2 3.4
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2 1 2.9
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2 3.8
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3 1 2.2
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2 2.9
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2 1 1 2.0
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2 3.2
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2 1 1.8
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2 2.8
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3 1 1.9
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2 2.4
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3 1 1 2.2
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||
|
|
2 3.3
|
||
|
|
2 1 2.3
|
||
|
|
2 3.4
|
||
|
|
3 1 2.1
|
||
|
|
2 2.9
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Going from long back to wide just takes some creative use of `unstack`
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
>>> w = l.unstack()
|
||
|
|
>>> w.columns = w.columns.map('{0[0]}{0[1]}'.format)
|
||
|
|
>>> w.reset_index()
|
||
|
|
famid birth ht1 ht2
|
||
|
|
0 1 1 2.8 3.4
|
||
|
|
1 1 2 2.9 3.8
|
||
|
|
2 1 3 2.2 2.9
|
||
|
|
3 2 1 2.0 3.2
|
||
|
|
4 2 2 1.8 2.8
|
||
|
|
5 2 3 1.9 2.4
|
||
|
|
6 3 1 2.2 3.3
|
||
|
|
7 3 2 2.3 3.4
|
||
|
|
8 3 3 2.1 2.9
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Less wieldy column names are also handled
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
>>> np.random.seed(0)
|
||
|
|
>>> df = pd.DataFrame({'A(weekly)-2010': np.random.rand(3),
|
||
|
|
... 'A(weekly)-2011': np.random.rand(3),
|
||
|
|
... 'B(weekly)-2010': np.random.rand(3),
|
||
|
|
... 'B(weekly)-2011': np.random.rand(3),
|
||
|
|
... 'X' : np.random.randint(3, size=3)})
|
||
|
|
>>> df['id'] = df.index
|
||
|
|
>>> df # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE, +ELLIPSIS
|
||
|
|
A(weekly)-2010 A(weekly)-2011 B(weekly)-2010 B(weekly)-2011 X id
|
||
|
|
0 0.548814 0.544883 0.437587 0.383442 0 0
|
||
|
|
1 0.715189 0.423655 0.891773 0.791725 1 1
|
||
|
|
2 0.602763 0.645894 0.963663 0.528895 1 2
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
>>> pd.wide_to_long(df, ['A(weekly)', 'B(weekly)'], i='id',
|
||
|
|
... j='year', sep='-')
|
||
|
|
... # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
|
||
|
|
X A(weekly) B(weekly)
|
||
|
|
id year
|
||
|
|
0 2010 0 0.548814 0.437587
|
||
|
|
1 2010 1 0.715189 0.891773
|
||
|
|
2 2010 1 0.602763 0.963663
|
||
|
|
0 2011 0 0.544883 0.383442
|
||
|
|
1 2011 1 0.423655 0.791725
|
||
|
|
2 2011 1 0.645894 0.528895
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If we have many columns, we could also use a regex to find our
|
||
|
|
stubnames and pass that list on to wide_to_long
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
>>> stubnames = sorted(
|
||
|
|
... set([match[0] for match in df.columns.str.findall(
|
||
|
|
... r'[A-B]\(.*\)').values if match != []])
|
||
|
|
... )
|
||
|
|
>>> list(stubnames)
|
||
|
|
['A(weekly)', 'B(weekly)']
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
All of the above examples have integers as suffixes. It is possible to
|
||
|
|
have non-integers as suffixes.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
>>> df = pd.DataFrame({
|
||
|
|
... 'famid': [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3],
|
||
|
|
... 'birth': [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
|
||
|
|
... 'ht_one': [2.8, 2.9, 2.2, 2, 1.8, 1.9, 2.2, 2.3, 2.1],
|
||
|
|
... 'ht_two': [3.4, 3.8, 2.9, 3.2, 2.8, 2.4, 3.3, 3.4, 2.9]
|
||
|
|
... })
|
||
|
|
>>> df
|
||
|
|
famid birth ht_one ht_two
|
||
|
|
0 1 1 2.8 3.4
|
||
|
|
1 1 2 2.9 3.8
|
||
|
|
2 1 3 2.2 2.9
|
||
|
|
3 2 1 2.0 3.2
|
||
|
|
4 2 2 1.8 2.8
|
||
|
|
5 2 3 1.9 2.4
|
||
|
|
6 3 1 2.2 3.3
|
||
|
|
7 3 2 2.3 3.4
|
||
|
|
8 3 3 2.1 2.9
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
>>> l = pd.wide_to_long(df, stubnames='ht', i=['famid', 'birth'], j='age',
|
||
|
|
... sep='_', suffix=r'\w+')
|
||
|
|
>>> l
|
||
|
|
... # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
|
||
|
|
ht
|
||
|
|
famid birth age
|
||
|
|
1 1 one 2.8
|
||
|
|
two 3.4
|
||
|
|
2 one 2.9
|
||
|
|
two 3.8
|
||
|
|
3 one 2.2
|
||
|
|
two 2.9
|
||
|
|
2 1 one 2.0
|
||
|
|
two 3.2
|
||
|
|
2 one 1.8
|
||
|
|
two 2.8
|
||
|
|
3 one 1.9
|
||
|
|
two 2.4
|
||
|
|
3 1 one 2.2
|
||
|
|
two 3.3
|
||
|
|
2 one 2.3
|
||
|
|
two 3.4
|
||
|
|
3 one 2.1
|
||
|
|
two 2.9
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def get_var_names(df, stub: str, sep: str, suffix: str) -> List[str]:
|
||
|
|
regex = fr"^{re.escape(stub)}{re.escape(sep)}{suffix}$"
|
||
|
|
pattern = re.compile(regex)
|
||
|
|
return [col for col in df.columns if pattern.match(col)]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def melt_stub(df, stub: str, i, j, value_vars, sep: str):
|
||
|
|
newdf = melt(
|
||
|
|
df,
|
||
|
|
id_vars=i,
|
||
|
|
value_vars=value_vars,
|
||
|
|
value_name=stub.rstrip(sep),
|
||
|
|
var_name=j,
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
newdf[j] = Categorical(newdf[j])
|
||
|
|
newdf[j] = newdf[j].str.replace(re.escape(stub + sep), "", regex=True)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# GH17627 Cast numerics suffixes to int/float
|
||
|
|
newdf[j] = to_numeric(newdf[j], errors="ignore")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return newdf.set_index(i + [j])
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if not is_list_like(stubnames):
|
||
|
|
stubnames = [stubnames]
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
stubnames = list(stubnames)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if any(col in stubnames for col in df.columns):
|
||
|
|
raise ValueError("stubname can't be identical to a column name")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if not is_list_like(i):
|
||
|
|
i = [i]
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
i = list(i)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if df[i].duplicated().any():
|
||
|
|
raise ValueError("the id variables need to uniquely identify each row")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
value_vars = [get_var_names(df, stub, sep, suffix) for stub in stubnames]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
value_vars_flattened = [e for sublist in value_vars for e in sublist]
|
||
|
|
id_vars = list(set(df.columns.tolist()).difference(value_vars_flattened))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
_melted = [melt_stub(df, s, i, j, v, sep) for s, v in zip(stubnames, value_vars)]
|
||
|
|
melted = _melted[0].join(_melted[1:], how="outer")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if len(i) == 1:
|
||
|
|
new = df[id_vars].set_index(i).join(melted)
|
||
|
|
return new
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
new = df[id_vars].merge(melted.reset_index(), on=i).set_index(i + [j])
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return new
|