341 lines
12 KiB
Python
341 lines
12 KiB
Python
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r"""
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==================================
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Constants (:mod:`scipy.constants`)
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==================================
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.. currentmodule:: scipy.constants
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Physical and mathematical constants and units.
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Mathematical constants
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======================
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================ =================================================================
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``pi`` Pi
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``golden`` Golden ratio
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``golden_ratio`` Golden ratio
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================ =================================================================
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Physical constants
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==================
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=========================== =================================================================
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``c`` speed of light in vacuum
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``speed_of_light`` speed of light in vacuum
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``mu_0`` the magnetic constant :math:`\mu_0`
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``epsilon_0`` the electric constant (vacuum permittivity), :math:`\epsilon_0`
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``h`` the Planck constant :math:`h`
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``Planck`` the Planck constant :math:`h`
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``hbar`` :math:`\hbar = h/(2\pi)`
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``G`` Newtonian constant of gravitation
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``gravitational_constant`` Newtonian constant of gravitation
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``g`` standard acceleration of gravity
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``e`` elementary charge
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``elementary_charge`` elementary charge
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``R`` molar gas constant
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``gas_constant`` molar gas constant
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``alpha`` fine-structure constant
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``fine_structure`` fine-structure constant
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``N_A`` Avogadro constant
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``Avogadro`` Avogadro constant
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``k`` Boltzmann constant
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``Boltzmann`` Boltzmann constant
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``sigma`` Stefan-Boltzmann constant :math:`\sigma`
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``Stefan_Boltzmann`` Stefan-Boltzmann constant :math:`\sigma`
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``Wien`` Wien displacement law constant
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``Rydberg`` Rydberg constant
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``m_e`` electron mass
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``electron_mass`` electron mass
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``m_p`` proton mass
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``proton_mass`` proton mass
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``m_n`` neutron mass
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``neutron_mass`` neutron mass
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=========================== =================================================================
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Constants database
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------------------
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In addition to the above variables, :mod:`scipy.constants` also contains the
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2018 CODATA recommended values [CODATA2018]_ database containing more physical
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constants.
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.. autosummary::
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:toctree: generated/
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value -- Value in physical_constants indexed by key
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unit -- Unit in physical_constants indexed by key
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precision -- Relative precision in physical_constants indexed by key
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find -- Return list of physical_constant keys with a given string
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ConstantWarning -- Constant sought not in newest CODATA data set
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.. data:: physical_constants
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Dictionary of physical constants, of the format
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``physical_constants[name] = (value, unit, uncertainty)``.
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Available constants:
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====================================================================== ====
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%(constant_names)s
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====================================================================== ====
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Units
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=====
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SI prefixes
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-----------
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============ =================================================================
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``yotta`` :math:`10^{24}`
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``zetta`` :math:`10^{21}`
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``exa`` :math:`10^{18}`
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``peta`` :math:`10^{15}`
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``tera`` :math:`10^{12}`
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``giga`` :math:`10^{9}`
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``mega`` :math:`10^{6}`
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``kilo`` :math:`10^{3}`
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``hecto`` :math:`10^{2}`
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``deka`` :math:`10^{1}`
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``deci`` :math:`10^{-1}`
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``centi`` :math:`10^{-2}`
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``milli`` :math:`10^{-3}`
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``micro`` :math:`10^{-6}`
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``nano`` :math:`10^{-9}`
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``pico`` :math:`10^{-12}`
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``femto`` :math:`10^{-15}`
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``atto`` :math:`10^{-18}`
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``zepto`` :math:`10^{-21}`
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============ =================================================================
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Binary prefixes
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---------------
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============ =================================================================
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``kibi`` :math:`2^{10}`
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``mebi`` :math:`2^{20}`
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``gibi`` :math:`2^{30}`
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``tebi`` :math:`2^{40}`
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``pebi`` :math:`2^{50}`
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``exbi`` :math:`2^{60}`
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``zebi`` :math:`2^{70}`
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``yobi`` :math:`2^{80}`
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============ =================================================================
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Mass
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----
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================= ============================================================
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``gram`` :math:`10^{-3}` kg
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``metric_ton`` :math:`10^{3}` kg
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``grain`` one grain in kg
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``lb`` one pound (avoirdupous) in kg
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``pound`` one pound (avoirdupous) in kg
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``blob`` one inch version of a slug in kg (added in 1.0.0)
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``slinch`` one inch version of a slug in kg (added in 1.0.0)
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``slug`` one slug in kg (added in 1.0.0)
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``oz`` one ounce in kg
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``ounce`` one ounce in kg
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``stone`` one stone in kg
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``grain`` one grain in kg
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``long_ton`` one long ton in kg
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``short_ton`` one short ton in kg
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``troy_ounce`` one Troy ounce in kg
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``troy_pound`` one Troy pound in kg
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``carat`` one carat in kg
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``m_u`` atomic mass constant (in kg)
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``u`` atomic mass constant (in kg)
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``atomic_mass`` atomic mass constant (in kg)
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================= ============================================================
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Angle
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-----
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================= ============================================================
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``degree`` degree in radians
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``arcmin`` arc minute in radians
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``arcminute`` arc minute in radians
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``arcsec`` arc second in radians
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``arcsecond`` arc second in radians
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================= ============================================================
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Time
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----
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================= ============================================================
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``minute`` one minute in seconds
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``hour`` one hour in seconds
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``day`` one day in seconds
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``week`` one week in seconds
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``year`` one year (365 days) in seconds
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``Julian_year`` one Julian year (365.25 days) in seconds
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================= ============================================================
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Length
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------
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===================== ============================================================
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``inch`` one inch in meters
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``foot`` one foot in meters
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``yard`` one yard in meters
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``mile`` one mile in meters
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``mil`` one mil in meters
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``pt`` one point in meters
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``point`` one point in meters
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``survey_foot`` one survey foot in meters
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``survey_mile`` one survey mile in meters
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``nautical_mile`` one nautical mile in meters
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``fermi`` one Fermi in meters
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``angstrom`` one Angstrom in meters
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``micron`` one micron in meters
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``au`` one astronomical unit in meters
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``astronomical_unit`` one astronomical unit in meters
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``light_year`` one light year in meters
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``parsec`` one parsec in meters
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===================== ============================================================
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Pressure
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--------
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================= ============================================================
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``atm`` standard atmosphere in pascals
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``atmosphere`` standard atmosphere in pascals
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``bar`` one bar in pascals
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``torr`` one torr (mmHg) in pascals
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``mmHg`` one torr (mmHg) in pascals
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``psi`` one psi in pascals
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================= ============================================================
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Area
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----
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================= ============================================================
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``hectare`` one hectare in square meters
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``acre`` one acre in square meters
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================= ============================================================
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Volume
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------
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=================== ========================================================
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``liter`` one liter in cubic meters
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``litre`` one liter in cubic meters
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``gallon`` one gallon (US) in cubic meters
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``gallon_US`` one gallon (US) in cubic meters
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``gallon_imp`` one gallon (UK) in cubic meters
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``fluid_ounce`` one fluid ounce (US) in cubic meters
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``fluid_ounce_US`` one fluid ounce (US) in cubic meters
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``fluid_ounce_imp`` one fluid ounce (UK) in cubic meters
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``bbl`` one barrel in cubic meters
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``barrel`` one barrel in cubic meters
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=================== ========================================================
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Speed
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-----
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================== ==========================================================
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``kmh`` kilometers per hour in meters per second
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``mph`` miles per hour in meters per second
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``mach`` one Mach (approx., at 15 C, 1 atm) in meters per second
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``speed_of_sound`` one Mach (approx., at 15 C, 1 atm) in meters per second
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``knot`` one knot in meters per second
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================== ==========================================================
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Temperature
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-----------
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===================== =======================================================
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``zero_Celsius`` zero of Celsius scale in Kelvin
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``degree_Fahrenheit`` one Fahrenheit (only differences) in Kelvins
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===================== =======================================================
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.. autosummary::
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:toctree: generated/
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convert_temperature
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Energy
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------
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==================== =======================================================
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``eV`` one electron volt in Joules
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``electron_volt`` one electron volt in Joules
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``calorie`` one calorie (thermochemical) in Joules
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``calorie_th`` one calorie (thermochemical) in Joules
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``calorie_IT`` one calorie (International Steam Table calorie, 1956) in Joules
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``erg`` one erg in Joules
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``Btu`` one British thermal unit (International Steam Table) in Joules
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``Btu_IT`` one British thermal unit (International Steam Table) in Joules
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``Btu_th`` one British thermal unit (thermochemical) in Joules
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``ton_TNT`` one ton of TNT in Joules
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==================== =======================================================
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Power
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-----
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==================== =======================================================
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``hp`` one horsepower in watts
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``horsepower`` one horsepower in watts
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==================== =======================================================
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Force
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-----
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==================== =======================================================
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``dyn`` one dyne in newtons
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``dyne`` one dyne in newtons
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``lbf`` one pound force in newtons
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``pound_force`` one pound force in newtons
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``kgf`` one kilogram force in newtons
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``kilogram_force`` one kilogram force in newtons
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==================== =======================================================
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Optics
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------
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.. autosummary::
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:toctree: generated/
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lambda2nu
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nu2lambda
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References
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==========
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.. [CODATA2018] CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental
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Physical Constants 2018.
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https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/
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"""
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from __future__ import division, print_function, absolute_import
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# Modules contributed by BasSw (wegwerp@gmail.com)
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from .codata import *
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from .constants import *
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from .codata import _obsolete_constants
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_constant_names = [(_k.lower(), _k, _v)
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for _k, _v in physical_constants.items()
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if _k not in _obsolete_constants]
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_constant_names = "\n".join(["``%s``%s %s %s" % (_x[1], " "*(66-len(_x[1])),
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_x[2][0], _x[2][1])
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for _x in sorted(_constant_names)])
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if __doc__:
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__doc__ = __doc__ % dict(constant_names=_constant_names)
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del _constant_names
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__all__ = [s for s in dir() if not s.startswith('_')]
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from scipy._lib._testutils import PytestTester
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test = PytestTester(__name__)
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del PytestTester
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