712 lines
24 KiB
Python
712 lines
24 KiB
Python
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from contextlib import contextmanager
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import functools
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import operator
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import warnings
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import numbers
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from collections import namedtuple
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import inspect
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import math
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from typing import (
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Optional,
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Union,
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TYPE_CHECKING,
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TypeVar,
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)
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import numpy as np
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IntNumber = Union[int, np.integer]
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DecimalNumber = Union[float, np.floating, np.integer]
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# Since Generator was introduced in numpy 1.17, the following condition is needed for
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# backward compatibility
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if TYPE_CHECKING:
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SeedType = Optional[Union[IntNumber, np.random.Generator,
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np.random.RandomState]]
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GeneratorType = TypeVar("GeneratorType", bound=Union[np.random.Generator,
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np.random.RandomState])
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try:
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from numpy.random import Generator as Generator
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except ImportError:
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class Generator(): # type: ignore[no-redef]
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pass
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def _lazywhere(cond, arrays, f, fillvalue=None, f2=None):
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"""
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np.where(cond, x, fillvalue) always evaluates x even where cond is False.
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This one only evaluates f(arr1[cond], arr2[cond], ...).
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Examples
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--------
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>>> import numpy as np
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>>> a, b = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4]), np.array([5, 6, 7, 8])
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>>> def f(a, b):
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... return a*b
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>>> _lazywhere(a > 2, (a, b), f, np.nan)
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array([ nan, nan, 21., 32.])
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Notice, it assumes that all `arrays` are of the same shape, or can be
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broadcasted together.
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"""
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cond = np.asarray(cond)
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if fillvalue is None:
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if f2 is None:
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raise ValueError("One of (fillvalue, f2) must be given.")
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else:
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fillvalue = np.nan
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else:
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if f2 is not None:
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raise ValueError("Only one of (fillvalue, f2) can be given.")
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args = np.broadcast_arrays(cond, *arrays)
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cond, arrays = args[0], args[1:]
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temp = tuple(np.extract(cond, arr) for arr in arrays)
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tcode = np.mintypecode([a.dtype.char for a in arrays])
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out = np.full(np.shape(arrays[0]), fill_value=fillvalue, dtype=tcode)
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np.place(out, cond, f(*temp))
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if f2 is not None:
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temp = tuple(np.extract(~cond, arr) for arr in arrays)
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np.place(out, ~cond, f2(*temp))
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return out
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def _lazyselect(condlist, choicelist, arrays, default=0):
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"""
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Mimic `np.select(condlist, choicelist)`.
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Notice, it assumes that all `arrays` are of the same shape or can be
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broadcasted together.
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All functions in `choicelist` must accept array arguments in the order
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given in `arrays` and must return an array of the same shape as broadcasted
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`arrays`.
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Examples
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--------
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>>> import numpy as np
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>>> x = np.arange(6)
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>>> np.select([x <3, x > 3], [x**2, x**3], default=0)
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array([ 0, 1, 4, 0, 64, 125])
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>>> _lazyselect([x < 3, x > 3], [lambda x: x**2, lambda x: x**3], (x,))
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array([ 0., 1., 4., 0., 64., 125.])
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>>> a = -np.ones_like(x)
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>>> _lazyselect([x < 3, x > 3],
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... [lambda x, a: x**2, lambda x, a: a * x**3],
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... (x, a), default=np.nan)
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array([ 0., 1., 4., nan, -64., -125.])
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"""
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arrays = np.broadcast_arrays(*arrays)
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tcode = np.mintypecode([a.dtype.char for a in arrays])
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out = np.full(np.shape(arrays[0]), fill_value=default, dtype=tcode)
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for func, cond in zip(choicelist, condlist):
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if np.all(cond is False):
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continue
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cond, _ = np.broadcast_arrays(cond, arrays[0])
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temp = tuple(np.extract(cond, arr) for arr in arrays)
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np.place(out, cond, func(*temp))
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return out
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def _aligned_zeros(shape, dtype=float, order="C", align=None):
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"""Allocate a new ndarray with aligned memory.
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Primary use case for this currently is working around a f2py issue
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in NumPy 1.9.1, where dtype.alignment is such that np.zeros() does
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not necessarily create arrays aligned up to it.
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"""
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dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
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if align is None:
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align = dtype.alignment
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if not hasattr(shape, '__len__'):
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shape = (shape,)
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size = functools.reduce(operator.mul, shape) * dtype.itemsize
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buf = np.empty(size + align + 1, np.uint8)
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offset = buf.__array_interface__['data'][0] % align
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if offset != 0:
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offset = align - offset
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# Note: slices producing 0-size arrays do not necessarily change
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# data pointer --- so we use and allocate size+1
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buf = buf[offset:offset+size+1][:-1]
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data = np.ndarray(shape, dtype, buf, order=order)
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data.fill(0)
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return data
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def _prune_array(array):
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"""Return an array equivalent to the input array. If the input
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array is a view of a much larger array, copy its contents to a
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newly allocated array. Otherwise, return the input unchanged.
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"""
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if array.base is not None and array.size < array.base.size // 2:
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return array.copy()
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return array
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def prod(iterable):
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"""
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Product of a sequence of numbers.
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Faster than np.prod for short lists like array shapes, and does
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not overflow if using Python integers.
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"""
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product = 1
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for x in iterable:
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product *= x
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return product
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def float_factorial(n: int) -> float:
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"""Compute the factorial and return as a float
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Returns infinity when result is too large for a double
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"""
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return float(math.factorial(n)) if n < 171 else np.inf
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# copy-pasted from scikit-learn utils/validation.py
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# change this to scipy.stats._qmc.check_random_state once numpy 1.16 is dropped
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def check_random_state(seed):
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"""Turn `seed` into a `np.random.RandomState` instance.
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Parameters
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----------
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seed : {None, int, `numpy.random.Generator`, `numpy.random.RandomState`}, optional
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If `seed` is None (or `np.random`), the `numpy.random.RandomState`
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singleton is used.
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If `seed` is an int, a new ``RandomState`` instance is used,
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seeded with `seed`.
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If `seed` is already a ``Generator`` or ``RandomState`` instance then
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that instance is used.
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Returns
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-------
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seed : {`numpy.random.Generator`, `numpy.random.RandomState`}
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Random number generator.
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"""
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if seed is None or seed is np.random:
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return np.random.mtrand._rand
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if isinstance(seed, (numbers.Integral, np.integer)):
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return np.random.RandomState(seed)
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if isinstance(seed, (np.random.RandomState, np.random.Generator)):
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return seed
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raise ValueError('%r cannot be used to seed a numpy.random.RandomState'
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' instance' % seed)
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def _asarray_validated(a, check_finite=True,
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sparse_ok=False, objects_ok=False, mask_ok=False,
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as_inexact=False):
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"""
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Helper function for SciPy argument validation.
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Many SciPy linear algebra functions do support arbitrary array-like
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input arguments. Examples of commonly unsupported inputs include
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matrices containing inf/nan, sparse matrix representations, and
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matrices with complicated elements.
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Parameters
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----------
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a : array_like
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The array-like input.
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check_finite : bool, optional
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Whether to check that the input matrices contain only finite numbers.
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Disabling may give a performance gain, but may result in problems
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(crashes, non-termination) if the inputs do contain infinities or NaNs.
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Default: True
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sparse_ok : bool, optional
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True if scipy sparse matrices are allowed.
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objects_ok : bool, optional
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True if arrays with dype('O') are allowed.
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mask_ok : bool, optional
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True if masked arrays are allowed.
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as_inexact : bool, optional
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True to convert the input array to a np.inexact dtype.
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Returns
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-------
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ret : ndarray
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The converted validated array.
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"""
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if not sparse_ok:
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import scipy.sparse
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if scipy.sparse.issparse(a):
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msg = ('Sparse matrices are not supported by this function. '
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'Perhaps one of the scipy.sparse.linalg functions '
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'would work instead.')
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raise ValueError(msg)
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if not mask_ok:
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if np.ma.isMaskedArray(a):
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raise ValueError('masked arrays are not supported')
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toarray = np.asarray_chkfinite if check_finite else np.asarray
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a = toarray(a)
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if not objects_ok:
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if a.dtype is np.dtype('O'):
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raise ValueError('object arrays are not supported')
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if as_inexact:
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if not np.issubdtype(a.dtype, np.inexact):
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a = toarray(a, dtype=np.float_)
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return a
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def _validate_int(k, name, minimum=None):
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"""
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Validate a scalar integer.
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This functon can be used to validate an argument to a function
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that expects the value to be an integer. It uses `operator.index`
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to validate the value (so, for example, k=2.0 results in a
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TypeError).
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Parameters
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----------
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k : int
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The value to be validated.
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name : str
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The name of the parameter.
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minimum : int, optional
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An optional lower bound.
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"""
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try:
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k = operator.index(k)
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except TypeError:
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raise TypeError(f'{name} must be an integer.') from None
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if minimum is not None and k < minimum:
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raise ValueError(f'{name} must be an integer not less '
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f'than {minimum}') from None
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return k
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# Add a replacement for inspect.getfullargspec()/
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# The version below is borrowed from Django,
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# https://github.com/django/django/pull/4846.
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# Note an inconsistency between inspect.getfullargspec(func) and
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# inspect.signature(func). If `func` is a bound method, the latter does *not*
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# list `self` as a first argument, while the former *does*.
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# Hence, cook up a common ground replacement: `getfullargspec_no_self` which
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# mimics `inspect.getfullargspec` but does not list `self`.
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#
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# This way, the caller code does not need to know whether it uses a legacy
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# .getfullargspec or a bright and shiny .signature.
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FullArgSpec = namedtuple('FullArgSpec',
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['args', 'varargs', 'varkw', 'defaults',
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'kwonlyargs', 'kwonlydefaults', 'annotations'])
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def getfullargspec_no_self(func):
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"""inspect.getfullargspec replacement using inspect.signature.
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If func is a bound method, do not list the 'self' parameter.
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Parameters
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----------
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func : callable
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A callable to inspect
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Returns
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-------
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fullargspec : FullArgSpec(args, varargs, varkw, defaults, kwonlyargs,
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kwonlydefaults, annotations)
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NOTE: if the first argument of `func` is self, it is *not*, I repeat
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*not*, included in fullargspec.args.
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This is done for consistency between inspect.getargspec() under
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Python 2.x, and inspect.signature() under Python 3.x.
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"""
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sig = inspect.signature(func)
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args = [
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p.name for p in sig.parameters.values()
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if p.kind in [inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD,
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inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY]
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]
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varargs = [
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p.name for p in sig.parameters.values()
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if p.kind == inspect.Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL
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]
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varargs = varargs[0] if varargs else None
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varkw = [
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p.name for p in sig.parameters.values()
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if p.kind == inspect.Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD
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]
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varkw = varkw[0] if varkw else None
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defaults = tuple(
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p.default for p in sig.parameters.values()
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if (p.kind == inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD and
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p.default is not p.empty)
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) or None
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kwonlyargs = [
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p.name for p in sig.parameters.values()
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if p.kind == inspect.Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY
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]
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kwdefaults = {p.name: p.default for p in sig.parameters.values()
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if p.kind == inspect.Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY and
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p.default is not p.empty}
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annotations = {p.name: p.annotation for p in sig.parameters.values()
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if p.annotation is not p.empty}
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return FullArgSpec(args, varargs, varkw, defaults, kwonlyargs,
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kwdefaults or None, annotations)
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class _FunctionWrapper:
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"""
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Object to wrap user's function, allowing picklability
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"""
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def __init__(self, f, args):
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self.f = f
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self.args = [] if args is None else args
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def __call__(self, x):
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return self.f(x, *self.args)
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class MapWrapper:
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"""
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Parallelisation wrapper for working with map-like callables, such as
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`multiprocessing.Pool.map`.
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Parameters
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----------
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pool : int or map-like callable
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If `pool` is an integer, then it specifies the number of threads to
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use for parallelization. If ``int(pool) == 1``, then no parallel
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processing is used and the map builtin is used.
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If ``pool == -1``, then the pool will utilize all available CPUs.
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If `pool` is a map-like callable that follows the same
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calling sequence as the built-in map function, then this callable is
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used for parallelization.
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"""
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def __init__(self, pool=1):
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self.pool = None
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self._mapfunc = map
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self._own_pool = False
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if callable(pool):
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self.pool = pool
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self._mapfunc = self.pool
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else:
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from multiprocessing import Pool
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# user supplies a number
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if int(pool) == -1:
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# use as many processors as possible
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self.pool = Pool()
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self._mapfunc = self.pool.map
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self._own_pool = True
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elif int(pool) == 1:
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pass
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elif int(pool) > 1:
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# use the number of processors requested
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self.pool = Pool(processes=int(pool))
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self._mapfunc = self.pool.map
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self._own_pool = True
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else:
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raise RuntimeError("Number of workers specified must be -1,"
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" an int >= 1, or an object with a 'map' "
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"method")
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def __enter__(self):
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return self
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def terminate(self):
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if self._own_pool:
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self.pool.terminate()
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def join(self):
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if self._own_pool:
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self.pool.join()
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def close(self):
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if self._own_pool:
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self.pool.close()
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def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
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if self._own_pool:
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self.pool.close()
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self.pool.terminate()
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def __call__(self, func, iterable):
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||
|
# only accept one iterable because that's all Pool.map accepts
|
||
|
try:
|
||
|
return self._mapfunc(func, iterable)
|
||
|
except TypeError as e:
|
||
|
# wrong number of arguments
|
||
|
raise TypeError("The map-like callable must be of the"
|
||
|
" form f(func, iterable)") from e
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
def rng_integers(gen, low, high=None, size=None, dtype='int64',
|
||
|
endpoint=False):
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
Return random integers from low (inclusive) to high (exclusive), or if
|
||
|
endpoint=True, low (inclusive) to high (inclusive). Replaces
|
||
|
`RandomState.randint` (with endpoint=False) and
|
||
|
`RandomState.random_integers` (with endpoint=True).
|
||
|
|
||
|
Return random integers from the "discrete uniform" distribution of the
|
||
|
specified dtype. If high is None (the default), then results are from
|
||
|
0 to low.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Parameters
|
||
|
----------
|
||
|
gen : {None, np.random.RandomState, np.random.Generator}
|
||
|
Random number generator. If None, then the np.random.RandomState
|
||
|
singleton is used.
|
||
|
low : int or array-like of ints
|
||
|
Lowest (signed) integers to be drawn from the distribution (unless
|
||
|
high=None, in which case this parameter is 0 and this value is used
|
||
|
for high).
|
||
|
high : int or array-like of ints
|
||
|
If provided, one above the largest (signed) integer to be drawn from
|
||
|
the distribution (see above for behavior if high=None). If array-like,
|
||
|
must contain integer values.
|
||
|
size : array-like of ints, optional
|
||
|
Output shape. If the given shape is, e.g., (m, n, k), then m * n * k
|
||
|
samples are drawn. Default is None, in which case a single value is
|
||
|
returned.
|
||
|
dtype : {str, dtype}, optional
|
||
|
Desired dtype of the result. All dtypes are determined by their name,
|
||
|
i.e., 'int64', 'int', etc, so byteorder is not available and a specific
|
||
|
precision may have different C types depending on the platform.
|
||
|
The default value is np.int_.
|
||
|
endpoint : bool, optional
|
||
|
If True, sample from the interval [low, high] instead of the default
|
||
|
[low, high) Defaults to False.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Returns
|
||
|
-------
|
||
|
out: int or ndarray of ints
|
||
|
size-shaped array of random integers from the appropriate distribution,
|
||
|
or a single such random int if size not provided.
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
if isinstance(gen, Generator):
|
||
|
return gen.integers(low, high=high, size=size, dtype=dtype,
|
||
|
endpoint=endpoint)
|
||
|
else:
|
||
|
if gen is None:
|
||
|
# default is RandomState singleton used by np.random.
|
||
|
gen = np.random.mtrand._rand
|
||
|
if endpoint:
|
||
|
# inclusive of endpoint
|
||
|
# remember that low and high can be arrays, so don't modify in
|
||
|
# place
|
||
|
if high is None:
|
||
|
return gen.randint(low + 1, size=size, dtype=dtype)
|
||
|
if high is not None:
|
||
|
return gen.randint(low, high=high + 1, size=size, dtype=dtype)
|
||
|
|
||
|
# exclusive
|
||
|
return gen.randint(low, high=high, size=size, dtype=dtype)
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
@contextmanager
|
||
|
def _fixed_default_rng(seed=1638083107694713882823079058616272161):
|
||
|
"""Context with a fixed np.random.default_rng seed."""
|
||
|
orig_fun = np.random.default_rng
|
||
|
np.random.default_rng = lambda seed=seed: orig_fun(seed)
|
||
|
try:
|
||
|
yield
|
||
|
finally:
|
||
|
np.random.default_rng = orig_fun
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
def _argmin(a, keepdims=False, axis=None):
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
argmin with a `keepdims` parameter.
|
||
|
|
||
|
See https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/8710
|
||
|
|
||
|
If axis is not None, a.shape[axis] must be greater than 0.
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
res = np.argmin(a, axis=axis)
|
||
|
if keepdims and axis is not None:
|
||
|
res = np.expand_dims(res, axis=axis)
|
||
|
return res
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
def _first_nonnan(a, axis):
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
Return the first non-nan value along the given axis.
|
||
|
|
||
|
If a slice is all nan, nan is returned for that slice.
|
||
|
|
||
|
The shape of the return value corresponds to ``keepdims=True``.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Examples
|
||
|
--------
|
||
|
>>> import numpy as np
|
||
|
>>> nan = np.nan
|
||
|
>>> a = np.array([[ 3., 3., nan, 3.],
|
||
|
[ 1., nan, 2., 4.],
|
||
|
[nan, nan, 9., -1.],
|
||
|
[nan, 5., 4., 3.],
|
||
|
[ 2., 2., 2., 2.],
|
||
|
[nan, nan, nan, nan]])
|
||
|
>>> _first_nonnan(a, axis=0)
|
||
|
array([[3., 3., 2., 3.]])
|
||
|
>>> _first_nonnan(a, axis=1)
|
||
|
array([[ 3.],
|
||
|
[ 1.],
|
||
|
[ 9.],
|
||
|
[ 5.],
|
||
|
[ 2.],
|
||
|
[nan]])
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
k = _argmin(np.isnan(a), axis=axis, keepdims=True)
|
||
|
return np.take_along_axis(a, k, axis=axis)
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
def _nan_allsame(a, axis, keepdims=False):
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
Determine if the values along an axis are all the same.
|
||
|
|
||
|
nan values are ignored.
|
||
|
|
||
|
`a` must be a numpy array.
|
||
|
|
||
|
`axis` is assumed to be normalized; that is, 0 <= axis < a.ndim.
|
||
|
|
||
|
For an axis of length 0, the result is True. That is, we adopt the
|
||
|
convention that ``allsame([])`` is True. (There are no values in the
|
||
|
input that are different.)
|
||
|
|
||
|
`True` is returned for slices that are all nan--not because all the
|
||
|
values are the same, but because this is equivalent to ``allsame([])``.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Examples
|
||
|
--------
|
||
|
>>> import numpy as np
|
||
|
>>> a = np.array([[ 3., 3., nan, 3.],
|
||
|
[ 1., nan, 2., 4.],
|
||
|
[nan, nan, 9., -1.],
|
||
|
[nan, 5., 4., 3.],
|
||
|
[ 2., 2., 2., 2.],
|
||
|
[nan, nan, nan, nan]])
|
||
|
>>> _nan_allsame(a, axis=1, keepdims=True)
|
||
|
array([[ True],
|
||
|
[False],
|
||
|
[False],
|
||
|
[False],
|
||
|
[ True],
|
||
|
[ True]])
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
if axis is None:
|
||
|
if a.size == 0:
|
||
|
return True
|
||
|
a = a.ravel()
|
||
|
axis = 0
|
||
|
else:
|
||
|
shp = a.shape
|
||
|
if shp[axis] == 0:
|
||
|
shp = shp[:axis] + (1,)*keepdims + shp[axis + 1:]
|
||
|
return np.full(shp, fill_value=True, dtype=bool)
|
||
|
a0 = _first_nonnan(a, axis=axis)
|
||
|
return ((a0 == a) | np.isnan(a)).all(axis=axis, keepdims=keepdims)
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
def _contains_nan(a, nan_policy='propagate', use_summation=True):
|
||
|
if not isinstance(a, np.ndarray):
|
||
|
use_summation = False # some array_likes ignore nans (e.g. pandas)
|
||
|
policies = ['propagate', 'raise', 'omit']
|
||
|
if nan_policy not in policies:
|
||
|
raise ValueError("nan_policy must be one of {%s}" %
|
||
|
', '.join("'%s'" % s for s in policies))
|
||
|
|
||
|
if np.issubdtype(a.dtype, np.inexact):
|
||
|
# The summation method avoids creating a (potentially huge) array.
|
||
|
if use_summation:
|
||
|
with np.errstate(invalid='ignore', over='ignore'):
|
||
|
contains_nan = np.isnan(np.sum(a))
|
||
|
else:
|
||
|
contains_nan = np.isnan(a).any()
|
||
|
elif np.issubdtype(a.dtype, object):
|
||
|
contains_nan = False
|
||
|
for el in a.ravel():
|
||
|
# isnan doesn't work on non-numeric elements
|
||
|
if np.issubdtype(type(el), np.number) and np.isnan(el):
|
||
|
contains_nan = True
|
||
|
break
|
||
|
else:
|
||
|
# Only `object` and `inexact` arrays can have NaNs
|
||
|
contains_nan = False
|
||
|
|
||
|
if contains_nan and nan_policy == 'raise':
|
||
|
raise ValueError("The input contains nan values")
|
||
|
|
||
|
return contains_nan, nan_policy
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
def _rename_parameter(old_name, new_name, dep_version=None):
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
Generate decorator for backward-compatible keyword renaming.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Apply the decorator generated by `_rename_parameter` to functions with a
|
||
|
recently renamed parameter to maintain backward-compatibility.
|
||
|
|
||
|
After decoration, the function behaves as follows:
|
||
|
If only the new parameter is passed into the function, behave as usual.
|
||
|
If only the old parameter is passed into the function (as a keyword), raise
|
||
|
a DeprecationWarning if `dep_version` is provided, and behave as usual
|
||
|
otherwise.
|
||
|
If both old and new parameters are passed into the function, raise a
|
||
|
DeprecationWarning if `dep_version` is provided, and raise the appropriate
|
||
|
TypeError (function got multiple values for argument).
|
||
|
|
||
|
Parameters
|
||
|
----------
|
||
|
old_name : str
|
||
|
Old name of parameter
|
||
|
new_name : str
|
||
|
New name of parameter
|
||
|
dep_version : str, optional
|
||
|
Version of SciPy in which old parameter was deprecated in the format
|
||
|
'X.Y.Z'. If supplied, the deprecation message will indicate that
|
||
|
support for the old parameter will be removed in version 'X.Y+2.Z'
|
||
|
|
||
|
Notes
|
||
|
-----
|
||
|
Untested with functions that accept *args. Probably won't work as written.
|
||
|
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
def decorator(fun):
|
||
|
@functools.wraps(fun)
|
||
|
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
|
||
|
if old_name in kwargs:
|
||
|
if dep_version:
|
||
|
end_version = dep_version.split('.')
|
||
|
end_version[1] = str(int(end_version[1]) + 2)
|
||
|
end_version = '.'.join(end_version)
|
||
|
message = (f"Use of keyword argument `{old_name}` is "
|
||
|
f"deprecated and replaced by `{new_name}`. "
|
||
|
f"Support for `{old_name}` will be removed "
|
||
|
f"in SciPy {end_version}.")
|
||
|
warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
|
||
|
if new_name in kwargs:
|
||
|
message = (f"{fun.__name__}() got multiple values for "
|
||
|
f"argument now known as `{new_name}`")
|
||
|
raise TypeError(message)
|
||
|
kwargs[new_name] = kwargs.pop(old_name)
|
||
|
return fun(*args, **kwargs)
|
||
|
return wrapper
|
||
|
return decorator
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
def _rng_spawn(rng, n_children):
|
||
|
# spawns independent RNGs from a parent RNG
|
||
|
bg = rng._bit_generator
|
||
|
ss = bg._seed_seq
|
||
|
child_rngs = [np.random.Generator(type(bg)(child_ss))
|
||
|
for child_ss in ss.spawn(n_children)]
|
||
|
return child_rngs
|