565 lines
18 KiB
Python
565 lines
18 KiB
Python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
|
|
"""Pygame Drawing algorithms written in Python. (Work in Progress)
|
|
|
|
Implement Pygame's Drawing Algorithms in a Python version for testing
|
|
and debugging.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
from collections import namedtuple
|
|
from math import floor, ceil
|
|
|
|
|
|
# H E L P E R F U N C T I O N S #
|
|
|
|
# fractional part of x
|
|
|
|
|
|
def frac(value):
|
|
"""return fractional part of x"""
|
|
return value - floor(value)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def inv_frac(value):
|
|
"""return inverse fractional part of x"""
|
|
return 1 - (value - floor(value)) # eg, 1 - frac(x)
|
|
|
|
|
|
BoundingBox = namedtuple("BoundingBox", ["left", "top", "right", "bottom"])
|
|
Point = namedtuple("Point", ["x", "y"])
|
|
|
|
|
|
# L O W L E V E L D R A W F U N C T I O N S #
|
|
# (They are too low-level to be translated into python, right?)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def set_at(surf, in_x, in_y, color):
|
|
"""Set the color of a pixel in a surface"""
|
|
surf.set_at((in_x, in_y), color)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def draw_pixel(surf, pos, color, bright, blend=True):
|
|
"""draw one blended pixel with given brightness."""
|
|
try:
|
|
other_col = surf.get_at(pos) if blend else (0, 0, 0, 0)
|
|
except IndexError: # pixel outside the surface
|
|
return
|
|
new_color = tuple(
|
|
(bright * col + (1 - bright) * pix) for col, pix in zip(color, other_col)
|
|
)
|
|
# FIXME what should happen if only one, color or surf_col, has alpha?
|
|
surf.set_at(pos, new_color)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _drawhorzline(surf, color, x_from, in_y, x_to):
|
|
if x_from == x_to:
|
|
surf.set_at((x_from, in_y), color)
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
start, end = (x_from, x_to) if x_from <= x_to else (x_to, x_from)
|
|
for line_x in range(start, end + 1):
|
|
surf.set_at((line_x, in_y), color)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _drawvertline(surf, color, in_x, y_from, y_to):
|
|
if y_from == y_to:
|
|
surf.set_at((in_x, y_from), color)
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
start, end = (y_from, y_to) if y_from <= y_to else (y_to, y_from)
|
|
for line_y in range(start, end + 1):
|
|
surf.set_at((in_x, line_y), color)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# I N T E R N A L D R A W L I N E F U N C T I O N S #
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _clip_and_draw_horizline(surf, color, x_from, in_y, x_to):
|
|
"""draw clipped horizontal line."""
|
|
# check Y inside surf
|
|
clip = surf.get_clip()
|
|
if in_y < clip.y or in_y >= clip.y + clip.h:
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
x_from = max(x_from, clip.x)
|
|
x_to = min(x_to, clip.x + clip.w - 1)
|
|
|
|
# check any x inside surf
|
|
if x_to < clip.x or x_from >= clip.x + clip.w:
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
_drawhorzline(surf, color, x_from, in_y, x_to)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _clip_and_draw_vertline(surf, color, in_x, y_from, y_to):
|
|
"""draw clipped vertical line."""
|
|
# check X inside surf
|
|
clip = surf.get_clip()
|
|
|
|
if in_x < clip.x or in_x >= clip.x + clip.w:
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
y_from = max(y_from, clip.y)
|
|
y_to = min(y_to, clip.y + clip.h - 1)
|
|
|
|
# check any y inside surf
|
|
if y_to < clip.y or y_from >= clip.y + clip.h:
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
_drawvertline(surf, color, in_x, y_from, y_to)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# These constants xxx_EDGE are "outside-the-bounding-box"-flags
|
|
LEFT_EDGE = 0x1
|
|
RIGHT_EDGE = 0x2
|
|
BOTTOM_EDGE = 0x4
|
|
TOP_EDGE = 0x8
|
|
|
|
|
|
def encode(pos, b_box):
|
|
"""returns a code that defines position with respect to a bounding box"""
|
|
# we use the fact that python interprets booleans (the inequalities)
|
|
# as 0/1, and then multiply them with the xxx_EDGE flags
|
|
return (
|
|
(pos[0] < b_box.left) * LEFT_EDGE
|
|
+ (pos[0] > b_box.right) * RIGHT_EDGE
|
|
+ (pos[1] < b_box.top) * TOP_EDGE
|
|
+ (pos[1] > b_box.bottom) * BOTTOM_EDGE
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def clip_line(line, b_box, use_float=False):
|
|
"""Algorithm to calculate the clipped line.
|
|
|
|
We calculate the coordinates of the part of the line segment within the
|
|
bounding box (defined by left, top, right, bottom). The we write
|
|
the coordinates of the line segment into "line", much like the C-algorithm.
|
|
With `use_float` True, clip_line is usable for float-clipping.
|
|
|
|
Returns: true if the line segment cuts the bounding box (false otherwise)
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def inside(code):
|
|
return not code
|
|
|
|
def accept(code_a, code_b):
|
|
return not (code_a or code_b)
|
|
|
|
def reject(code_a, code_b):
|
|
return code_a and code_b
|
|
|
|
assert isinstance(line, list)
|
|
x_1, y_1, x_2, y_2 = line
|
|
dtype = float if use_float else int
|
|
|
|
while True:
|
|
# the coordinates are progressively modified with the codes,
|
|
# until they are either rejected or correspond to the final result.
|
|
code1 = encode((x_1, y_1), b_box)
|
|
code2 = encode((x_2, y_2), b_box)
|
|
|
|
if accept(code1, code2):
|
|
# write coordinates into "line" !
|
|
line[:] = x_1, y_1, x_2, y_2
|
|
return True
|
|
if reject(code1, code2):
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
# We operate on the (x_1, y_1) point,
|
|
# and swap if it is inside the bbox:
|
|
if inside(code1):
|
|
x_1, x_2 = x_2, x_1
|
|
y_1, y_2 = y_2, y_1
|
|
code1, code2 = code2, code1
|
|
slope = (y_2 - y_1) / float(x_2 - x_1) if (x_2 != x_1) else 1.0
|
|
# Each case, if true, means that we are outside the border:
|
|
# calculate x_1 and y_1 to be the "first point" inside the bbox...
|
|
if code1 & LEFT_EDGE:
|
|
y_1 += dtype((b_box.left - x_1) * slope)
|
|
x_1 = b_box.left
|
|
elif code1 & RIGHT_EDGE:
|
|
y_1 += dtype((b_box.right - x_1) * slope)
|
|
x_1 = b_box.right
|
|
elif code1 & BOTTOM_EDGE:
|
|
if x_2 != x_1:
|
|
x_1 += dtype((b_box.bottom - y_1) / slope)
|
|
y_1 = b_box.bottom
|
|
elif code1 & TOP_EDGE:
|
|
if x_2 != x_1:
|
|
x_1 += dtype((b_box.top - y_1) / slope)
|
|
y_1 = b_box.top
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _draw_line(surf, color, start, end):
|
|
"""draw a non-horizontal line (without anti-aliasing)."""
|
|
# Variant of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bresenham's_line_algorithm
|
|
#
|
|
# This strongly differs from craw.c implementation, because we use a
|
|
# "slope" variable (instead of delta_x and delta_y) and a "error" variable.
|
|
# And we can not do pointer-arithmetic with "BytesPerPixel", like in
|
|
# the C-algorithm.
|
|
if start.x == end.x:
|
|
# This case should not happen...
|
|
raise ValueError
|
|
|
|
slope = abs((end.y - start.y) / (end.x - start.x))
|
|
error = 0.0
|
|
|
|
if slope < 1:
|
|
# Here, it's a rather horizontal line
|
|
|
|
# 1. check in which octants we are & set init values
|
|
if end.x < start.x:
|
|
start.x, end.x = end.x, start.x
|
|
start.y, end.y = end.y, start.y
|
|
line_y = start.y
|
|
dy_sign = 1 if (start.y < end.y) else -1
|
|
|
|
# 2. step along x coordinate
|
|
for line_x in range(start.x, end.x + 1):
|
|
set_at(surf, line_x, line_y, color)
|
|
error += slope
|
|
if error >= 0.5:
|
|
line_y += dy_sign
|
|
error -= 1
|
|
else:
|
|
# Case of a rather vertical line
|
|
|
|
# 1. check in which octants we are & set init values
|
|
if start.y > end.y:
|
|
start.x, end.x = end.x, start.x
|
|
start.y, end.y = end.y, start.y
|
|
line_x = start.x
|
|
slope = 1 / slope
|
|
dx_sign = 1 if (start.x < end.x) else -1
|
|
|
|
# 2. step along y coordinate
|
|
for line_y in range(start.y, end.y + 1):
|
|
set_at(surf, line_x, line_y, color)
|
|
error += slope
|
|
if error >= 0.5:
|
|
line_x += dx_sign
|
|
error -= 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _draw_aaline(surf, color, start, end, blend):
|
|
"""draw an anti-aliased line.
|
|
|
|
The algorithm yields identical results with _draw_line for horizontal,
|
|
vertical or diagonal lines, and results changes smoothly when changing
|
|
any of the endpoint coordinates.
|
|
|
|
Note that this yields strange results for very short lines, eg
|
|
a line from (0, 0) to (0, 1) will draw 2 pixels, and a line from
|
|
(0, 0) to (0, 1.1) will blend 10 % on the pixel (0, 2).
|
|
"""
|
|
# The different requirements that we have on an antialiasing algorithm
|
|
# implies to make some compromises:
|
|
# 1. We want smooth evolution wrt to the 4 endpoint coordinates
|
|
# (this means also that we want a smooth evolution when the angle
|
|
# passes +/- 45°
|
|
# 2. We want the same behavior when swapping the endpoints
|
|
# 3. We want understandable results for the endpoint values
|
|
# (eg we want to avoid half-integer values to draw a simple plain
|
|
# horizontal or vertical line between two integer l endpoints)
|
|
#
|
|
# This implies to somehow make the line artificially 1 pixel longer
|
|
# and to draw a full pixel when we have the endpoints are identical.
|
|
d_x = end.x - start.x
|
|
d_y = end.y - start.y
|
|
|
|
if d_x == 0 and d_y == 0:
|
|
# For smoothness reasons, we could also do some blending here,
|
|
# but it seems overshoot...
|
|
set_at(surf, int(start.x), int(start.y), color)
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
if start.x > end.x or start.y > end.y:
|
|
start.x, end.x = end.x, start.x
|
|
start.y, end.y = end.y, start.y
|
|
d_x = -d_x
|
|
d_y = -d_y
|
|
|
|
if abs(d_x) >= abs(d_y):
|
|
slope = d_y / d_x
|
|
|
|
def draw_two_pixel(in_x, float_y, factor):
|
|
flr_y = floor(float_y)
|
|
draw_pixel(surf, (in_x, flr_y), color, factor * inv_frac(float_y), blend)
|
|
draw_pixel(surf, (in_x, flr_y + 1), color, factor * frac(float_y), blend)
|
|
|
|
_draw_aaline_dx(d_x, slope, end, start, draw_two_pixel)
|
|
else:
|
|
slope = d_x / d_y
|
|
|
|
def draw_two_pixel(float_x, in_y, factor):
|
|
fl_x = floor(float_x)
|
|
draw_pixel(surf, (fl_x, in_y), color, factor * inv_frac(float_x), blend)
|
|
draw_pixel(surf, (fl_x + 1, in_y), color, factor * frac(float_x), blend)
|
|
|
|
_draw_aaline_dy(d_y, slope, end, start, draw_two_pixel)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _draw_aaline_dy(d_y, slope, end, start, draw_two_pixel):
|
|
g_y = ceil(start.y)
|
|
g_x = start.x + (g_y - start.y) * slope
|
|
# 1. Draw start of the segment
|
|
if start.y < g_y:
|
|
draw_two_pixel(g_x - slope, floor(start.y), inv_frac(start.y))
|
|
# 2. Draw end of the segment
|
|
rest = frac(end.y)
|
|
s_y = ceil(end.y)
|
|
if rest > 0:
|
|
s_x = start.x + slope * (d_y + 1 - rest)
|
|
draw_two_pixel(s_x, s_y, rest)
|
|
else:
|
|
s_y += 1
|
|
# 3. loop for other points
|
|
for line_y in range(g_y, s_y):
|
|
line_x = g_x + slope * (line_y - g_y)
|
|
draw_two_pixel(line_x, line_y, 1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _draw_aaline_dx(d_x, slope, end, start, draw_two_pixel):
|
|
# A and G are respectively left and right to the "from" point, but
|
|
# with integer-x-coordinate, (and only if from_x is not integer).
|
|
# Hence they appear in following order on the line in general case:
|
|
# A from-pt G . . . to-pt S
|
|
# |------*-------|--- . . . ---|-----*------|-
|
|
g_x = ceil(start.x)
|
|
g_y = start.y + (g_x - start.x) * slope
|
|
# 1. Draw start of the segment if we have a non-integer-part
|
|
if start.x < g_x:
|
|
# this corresponds to the point "A"
|
|
draw_two_pixel(floor(start.x), g_y - slope, inv_frac(start.x))
|
|
# 2. Draw end of the segment: we add one pixel for homogeneity reasons
|
|
rest = frac(end.x)
|
|
s_x = ceil(end.x)
|
|
if rest > 0:
|
|
# Again we draw only if we have a non-integer-part
|
|
s_y = start.y + slope * (d_x + 1 - rest)
|
|
draw_two_pixel(s_x, s_y, rest)
|
|
else:
|
|
s_x += 1
|
|
# 3. loop for other points
|
|
for line_x in range(g_x, s_x):
|
|
line_y = g_y + slope * (line_x - g_x)
|
|
draw_two_pixel(line_x, line_y, 1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# C L I P A N D D R A W L I N E F U N C T I O N S #
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _clip_and_draw_line(surf, rect, color, pts):
|
|
"""clip the line into the rectangle and draw if needed.
|
|
|
|
Returns true if anything has been drawn, else false."""
|
|
# "pts" is a list with the four coordinates of the two endpoints
|
|
# of the line to be drawn : pts = x1, y1, x2, y2.
|
|
# The data format is like that to stay closer to the C-algorithm.
|
|
if not clip_line(
|
|
pts, BoundingBox(rect.x, rect.y, rect.x + rect.w - 1, rect.y + rect.h - 1)
|
|
):
|
|
# The line segment defined by "pts" is not crossing the rectangle
|
|
return 0
|
|
if pts[1] == pts[3]: # eg y1 == y2
|
|
_drawhorzline(surf, color, pts[0], pts[1], pts[2])
|
|
elif pts[0] == pts[2]: # eg x1 == x2
|
|
_drawvertline(surf, color, pts[0], pts[1], pts[3])
|
|
else:
|
|
_draw_line(surf, color, Point(pts[0], pts[1]), Point(pts[2], pts[3]))
|
|
return 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _clip_and_draw_line_width(surf, rect, color, line, width):
|
|
yinc = xinc = 0
|
|
if abs(line[0] - line[2]) > abs(line[1] - line[3]):
|
|
yinc = 1
|
|
else:
|
|
xinc = 1
|
|
newpts = line[:]
|
|
if _clip_and_draw_line(surf, rect, color, newpts):
|
|
anydrawn = 1
|
|
frame = newpts[:]
|
|
else:
|
|
anydrawn = 0
|
|
frame = [10000, 10000, -10000, -10000]
|
|
|
|
for loop in range(1, width // 2 + 1):
|
|
newpts[0] = line[0] + xinc * loop
|
|
newpts[1] = line[1] + yinc * loop
|
|
newpts[2] = line[2] + xinc * loop
|
|
newpts[3] = line[3] + yinc * loop
|
|
if _clip_and_draw_line(surf, rect, color, newpts):
|
|
anydrawn = 1
|
|
frame[0] = min(newpts[0], frame[0])
|
|
frame[1] = min(newpts[1], frame[1])
|
|
frame[2] = max(newpts[2], frame[2])
|
|
frame[3] = max(newpts[3], frame[3])
|
|
|
|
if loop * 2 < width:
|
|
newpts[0] = line[0] - xinc * loop
|
|
newpts[1] = line[1] - yinc * loop
|
|
newpts[2] = line[2] - xinc * loop
|
|
newpts[3] = line[3] - yinc * loop
|
|
if _clip_and_draw_line(surf, rect, color, newpts):
|
|
anydrawn = 1
|
|
frame[0] = min(newpts[0], frame[0])
|
|
frame[1] = min(newpts[1], frame[1])
|
|
frame[2] = max(newpts[2], frame[2])
|
|
frame[3] = max(newpts[3], frame[3])
|
|
|
|
return anydrawn
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _clip_and_draw_aaline(surf, rect, color, line, blend):
|
|
"""draw anti-aliased line between two endpoints."""
|
|
if not clip_line(
|
|
line,
|
|
BoundingBox(rect.x - 1, rect.y - 1, rect.x + rect.w, rect.y + rect.h),
|
|
use_float=True,
|
|
):
|
|
return # TODO Rect(rect.x, rect.y, 0, 0)
|
|
_draw_aaline(surf, color, Point(line[0], line[1]), Point(line[2], line[3]), blend)
|
|
return # TODO Rect(-- affected area --)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# D R A W L I N E F U N C T I O N S #
|
|
|
|
|
|
def draw_aaline(surf, color, from_point, to_point, blend=True):
|
|
"""draw anti-aliased line between two endpoints."""
|
|
line = [from_point[0], from_point[1], to_point[0], to_point[1]]
|
|
return _clip_and_draw_aaline(surf, surf.get_clip(), color, line, blend)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def draw_line(surf, color, from_point, to_point, width=1):
|
|
"""draw anti-aliased line between two endpoints."""
|
|
line = [from_point[0], from_point[1], to_point[0], to_point[1]]
|
|
return _clip_and_draw_line_width(surf, surf.get_clip(), color, line, width)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# M U L T I L I N E F U N C T I O N S #
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _multi_lines(
|
|
surf,
|
|
color,
|
|
closed, # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
|
|
points,
|
|
width=1,
|
|
blend=False,
|
|
aaline=False,
|
|
):
|
|
"""draw several lines, either anti-aliased or not."""
|
|
# The code for anti-aliased or not is almost identical, so it's factorized
|
|
if len(points) <= 2:
|
|
raise TypeError
|
|
line = [0] * 4 # store x1, y1 & x2, y2 of the lines to be drawn
|
|
|
|
xlist = [pt[0] for pt in points]
|
|
ylist = [pt[1] for pt in points]
|
|
line[0] = xlist[0]
|
|
line[1] = ylist[0]
|
|
b_box = BoundingBox(left=xlist[0], right=xlist[0], top=ylist[0], bottom=ylist[0])
|
|
|
|
for line_x, line_y in points[1:]:
|
|
b_box.left = min(b_box.left, line_x)
|
|
b_box.right = max(b_box.right, line_x)
|
|
b_box.top = min(b_box.top, line_y)
|
|
b_box.bottom = max(b_box.bottom, line_y)
|
|
|
|
rect = surf.get_clip()
|
|
for loop in range(1, len(points)):
|
|
|
|
line[0] = xlist[loop - 1]
|
|
line[1] = ylist[loop - 1]
|
|
line[2] = xlist[loop]
|
|
line[3] = ylist[loop]
|
|
if aaline:
|
|
_clip_and_draw_aaline(surf, rect, color, line, blend)
|
|
else:
|
|
_clip_and_draw_line_width(surf, rect, color, line, width)
|
|
|
|
if closed:
|
|
line[0] = xlist[len(points) - 1]
|
|
line[1] = ylist[len(points) - 1]
|
|
line[2] = xlist[0]
|
|
line[3] = ylist[0]
|
|
if aaline:
|
|
_clip_and_draw_aaline(surf, rect, color, line, blend)
|
|
else:
|
|
_clip_and_draw_line_width(surf, rect, color, line, width)
|
|
|
|
# TODO Rect(...)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def draw_lines(surf, color, closed, points, width=1):
|
|
"""draw several lines connected through the points."""
|
|
return _multi_lines(surf, color, closed, points, width, aaline=False)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def draw_aalines(surf, color, closed, points, blend=True):
|
|
"""draw several anti-aliased lines connected through the points."""
|
|
return _multi_lines(surf, color, closed, points, blend=blend, aaline=True)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def draw_polygon(surface, color, points, width):
|
|
"""Draw a polygon"""
|
|
if width:
|
|
draw_lines(surface, color, 1, points, width)
|
|
return # TODO Rect(...)
|
|
num_points = len(points)
|
|
point_x = [x for x, y in points]
|
|
point_y = [y for x, y in points]
|
|
|
|
miny = min(point_y)
|
|
maxy = max(point_y)
|
|
|
|
if miny == maxy:
|
|
minx = min(point_x)
|
|
maxx = max(point_x)
|
|
_clip_and_draw_horizline(surface, color, minx, miny, maxx)
|
|
return # TODO Rect(...)
|
|
|
|
for y_coord in range(miny, maxy + 1):
|
|
x_intersect = []
|
|
for i in range(num_points):
|
|
_draw_polygon_inner_loop(i, point_x, point_y, y_coord, x_intersect)
|
|
|
|
x_intersect.sort()
|
|
for i in range(0, len(x_intersect), 2):
|
|
_clip_and_draw_horizline(
|
|
surface, color, x_intersect[i], y_coord, x_intersect[i + 1]
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
# special case : horizontal border lines
|
|
for i in range(num_points):
|
|
i_prev = i - 1 if i else num_points - 1
|
|
if miny < point_y[i] == point_y[i_prev] < maxy:
|
|
_clip_and_draw_horizline(
|
|
surface, color, point_x[i], point_y[i], point_x[i_prev]
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
return # TODO Rect(...)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _draw_polygon_inner_loop(index, point_x, point_y, y_coord, x_intersect):
|
|
i_prev = index - 1 if index else len(point_x) - 1
|
|
|
|
y_1 = point_y[i_prev]
|
|
y_2 = point_y[index]
|
|
|
|
if y_1 < y_2:
|
|
x_1 = point_x[i_prev]
|
|
x_2 = point_x[index]
|
|
elif y_1 > y_2:
|
|
y_2 = point_y[i_prev]
|
|
y_1 = point_y[index]
|
|
x_2 = point_x[i_prev]
|
|
x_1 = point_x[index]
|
|
else: # special case handled below
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
if (y_2 > y_coord >= y_1) or ((y_coord == max(point_y)) and (y_coord <= y_2)):
|
|
x_intersect.append((y_coord - y_1) * (x_2 - x_1) // (y_2 - y_1) + x_1)
|