574 lines
23 KiB
Python
574 lines
23 KiB
Python
# Copyright 2015 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
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#
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# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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# You may obtain a copy of the License at
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#
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# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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#
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# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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# limitations under the License.
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# ==============================================================================
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# pylint: disable=protected-access
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"""Home of the `Sequential` model."""
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import copy
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import warnings
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from tensorflow.python import tf2
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from tensorflow.python.framework import ops
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from tensorflow.python.framework import tensor_util
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from tensorflow.python.keras import layers as layer_module
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from tensorflow.python.keras.engine import base_layer
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from tensorflow.python.keras.engine import functional
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from tensorflow.python.keras.engine import input_layer
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from tensorflow.python.keras.engine import training_utils
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from tensorflow.python.keras.saving.saved_model import model_serialization
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from tensorflow.python.keras.utils import generic_utils
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from tensorflow.python.keras.utils import layer_utils
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from tensorflow.python.keras.utils import tf_inspect
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from tensorflow.python.keras.utils import tf_utils
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from tensorflow.python.module import module
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from tensorflow.python.ops.numpy_ops import np_arrays
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from tensorflow.python.platform import tf_logging as logging
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from tensorflow.python.trackable import base as trackable
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from tensorflow.python.util import nest
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from tensorflow.python.util.tf_export import keras_export
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SINGLE_LAYER_OUTPUT_ERROR_MSG = ('All layers in a Sequential model should have '
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'a single output tensor. For multi-output '
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'layers, use the functional API.')
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@keras_export('keras.Sequential', 'keras.models.Sequential')
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class Sequential(functional.Functional):
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"""`Sequential` groups a linear stack of layers into a `tf.keras.Model`.
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`Sequential` provides training and inference features on this model.
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Examples:
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>>> # Optionally, the first layer can receive an `input_shape` argument:
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>>> model = tf.keras.Sequential()
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>>> model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dense(8, input_shape=(16,)))
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>>> # Afterwards, we do automatic shape inference:
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>>> model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dense(4))
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>>> # This is identical to the following:
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>>> model = tf.keras.Sequential()
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>>> model.add(tf.keras.Input(shape=(16,)))
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>>> model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dense(8))
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>>> # Note that you can also omit the `input_shape` argument.
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>>> # In that case the model doesn't have any weights until the first call
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>>> # to a training/evaluation method (since it isn't yet built):
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>>> model = tf.keras.Sequential()
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>>> model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dense(8))
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>>> model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dense(4))
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>>> # model.weights not created yet
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>>> # Whereas if you specify the input shape, the model gets built
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>>> # continuously as you are adding layers:
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>>> model = tf.keras.Sequential()
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>>> model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dense(8, input_shape=(16,)))
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>>> model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dense(4))
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>>> len(model.weights)
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4
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>>> # When using the delayed-build pattern (no input shape specified), you can
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>>> # choose to manually build your model by calling
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>>> # `build(batch_input_shape)`:
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>>> model = tf.keras.Sequential()
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>>> model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dense(8))
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>>> model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dense(4))
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>>> model.build((None, 16))
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>>> len(model.weights)
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4
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```python
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# Note that when using the delayed-build pattern (no input shape specified),
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# the model gets built the first time you call `fit`, `eval`, or `predict`,
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# or the first time you call the model on some input data.
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model = tf.keras.Sequential()
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model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dense(8))
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model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dense(1))
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model.compile(optimizer='sgd', loss='mse')
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# This builds the model for the first time:
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model.fit(x, y, batch_size=32, epochs=10)
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```
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"""
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@trackable.no_automatic_dependency_tracking
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def __init__(self, layers=None, name=None):
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"""Creates a `Sequential` model instance.
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Args:
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layers: Optional list of layers to add to the model.
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name: Optional name for the model.
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"""
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# Skip the init in FunctionalModel since model doesn't have input/output yet
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super(functional.Functional, self).__init__( # pylint: disable=bad-super-call
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name=name, autocast=False)
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self.supports_masking = True
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self._compute_output_and_mask_jointly = True
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self._auto_track_sub_layers = False
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self._inferred_input_shape = None
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self._has_explicit_input_shape = False
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self._input_dtype = None
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self._layer_call_argspecs = {}
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self._created_nodes = set()
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# Flag that indicate whether the sequential network topology has been
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# created. It is false when there isn't any layer, or the layers doesn't
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# have input shape.
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self._graph_initialized = False
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# Unfortunately some Sequential models using custom layers or FeatureColumn
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# layers have multiple inputs. This is fundamentally incompatible with
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# most of the Sequential API, and we have to disable a number of features
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# for such models.
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self._use_legacy_deferred_behavior = False
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# Add to the model any layers passed to the constructor.
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if layers:
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if not isinstance(layers, (list, tuple)):
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layers = [layers]
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for layer in layers:
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self.add(layer)
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@property
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def layers(self):
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# Historically, `sequential.layers` only returns layers that were added
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# via `add`, and omits the auto-generated `InputLayer` that comes at the
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# bottom of the stack.
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# `Trackable` manages the `_layers` attributes and does filtering
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# over it.
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layers = super(Sequential, self).layers
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if layers and isinstance(layers[0], input_layer.InputLayer):
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return layers[1:]
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return layers[:]
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@trackable.no_automatic_dependency_tracking
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def add(self, layer):
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"""Adds a layer instance on top of the layer stack.
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Args:
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layer: layer instance.
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Raises:
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TypeError: If `layer` is not a layer instance.
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ValueError: In case the `layer` argument does not
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know its input shape.
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ValueError: In case the `layer` argument has
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multiple output tensors, or is already connected
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somewhere else (forbidden in `Sequential` models).
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"""
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# If we are passed a Keras tensor created by keras.Input(), we can extract
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# the input layer from its keras history and use that without any loss of
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# generality.
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if hasattr(layer, '_keras_history'):
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origin_layer = layer._keras_history[0]
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if isinstance(origin_layer, input_layer.InputLayer):
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layer = origin_layer
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logging.warning(
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'Please add `keras.layers.InputLayer` instead of `keras.Input` to '
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'Sequential model. `keras.Input` is intended to be used by '
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'Functional model.')
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if isinstance(layer, module.Module):
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if not isinstance(layer, base_layer.Layer):
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layer = functional.ModuleWrapper(layer)
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else:
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raise TypeError('The added layer must be '
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'an instance of class Layer. '
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'Found: ' + str(layer))
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tf_utils.assert_no_legacy_layers([layer])
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if not self._is_layer_name_unique(layer):
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raise ValueError('All layers added to a Sequential model '
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'should have unique names. Name "%s" is already the name'
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' of a layer in this model. Update the `name` argument '
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'to pass a unique name.' % (layer.name,))
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self.built = False
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set_inputs = False
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self._maybe_create_attribute('_self_tracked_trackables', [])
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if not self._self_tracked_trackables:
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if isinstance(layer, input_layer.InputLayer):
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# Case where the user passes an Input or InputLayer layer via `add`.
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set_inputs = True
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else:
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batch_shape, dtype = training_utils.get_input_shape_and_dtype(layer)
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if batch_shape:
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# Instantiate an input layer.
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x = input_layer.Input(
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batch_shape=batch_shape, dtype=dtype, name=layer.name + '_input')
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# This will build the current layer
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# and create the node connecting the current layer
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# to the input layer we just created.
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layer(x)
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set_inputs = True
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if set_inputs:
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outputs = nest.flatten(layer._inbound_nodes[-1].outputs)
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if len(outputs) != 1:
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raise ValueError(SINGLE_LAYER_OUTPUT_ERROR_MSG)
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self.outputs = outputs
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self.inputs = layer_utils.get_source_inputs(self.outputs[0])
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self.built = True
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self._has_explicit_input_shape = True
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elif self.outputs:
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# If the model is being built continuously on top of an input layer:
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# refresh its output.
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output_tensor = layer(self.outputs[0])
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if len(nest.flatten(output_tensor)) != 1:
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raise ValueError(SINGLE_LAYER_OUTPUT_ERROR_MSG)
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self.outputs = [output_tensor]
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self.built = True
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if set_inputs or self._graph_initialized:
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self._init_graph_network(self.inputs, self.outputs)
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self._graph_initialized = True
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else:
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self._self_tracked_trackables.append(layer)
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self._handle_deferred_layer_dependencies([layer])
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self._layer_call_argspecs[layer] = tf_inspect.getfullargspec(layer.call)
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@trackable.no_automatic_dependency_tracking
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def pop(self):
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"""Removes the last layer in the model.
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Raises:
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TypeError: if there are no layers in the model.
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"""
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if not self.layers:
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raise TypeError('There are no layers in the model.')
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layer = self._self_tracked_trackables.pop()
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self._layer_call_argspecs.pop(layer)
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if not self.layers:
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self.outputs = None
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self.inputs = None
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self.built = False
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self._inferred_input_shape = None
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self._has_explicit_input_shape = False
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self._graph_initialized = False
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elif self._graph_initialized:
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self.layers[-1]._outbound_nodes = []
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self.outputs = [self.layers[-1].output]
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self._init_graph_network(self.inputs, self.outputs)
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self.built = True
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@trackable.no_automatic_dependency_tracking
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def _build_graph_network_for_inferred_shape(self,
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input_shape,
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input_dtype=None):
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if input_shape is None or not self.layers:
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return
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if not tf2.enabled() or not ops.executing_eagerly_outside_functions():
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# This behavior is disabled in V1 or when eager execution is disabled.
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return
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if (not self._has_explicit_input_shape and
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not self._use_legacy_deferred_behavior):
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# Determine whether the input shape is novel, i.e. whether the model
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# should be rebuilt.
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input_shape = tuple(input_shape)
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if self._inferred_input_shape is None:
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new_shape = input_shape
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else:
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new_shape = relax_input_shape(self._inferred_input_shape, input_shape)
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if (new_shape is not None and new_shape != self._inferred_input_shape):
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# A novel shape has been received: we need to rebuild the model.
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# In case we are inside a graph function, we step out of it.
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with ops.init_scope():
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inputs = input_layer.Input(
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batch_shape=new_shape,
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dtype=input_dtype,
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name=self.layers[0].name + '_input')
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layer_input = inputs
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created_nodes = set()
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for layer in self.layers:
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# Clear nodes previously created via this method. This prevents
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# node accumulation and ensures that e.g. `layer.output` is
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# always connected to `model.inputs`
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# (this is important e.g. for the feature extraction use case).
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# We don't just do `layer._inbound_nodes = []` in order
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# not to break shared layers added to Sequential models (which is
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# technically illegal as per the `add()` docstring,
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# but wasn't previously disabled).
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clear_previously_created_nodes(layer, self._created_nodes)
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try:
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# Create Functional API connection by calling the current layer
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layer_output = layer(layer_input)
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except: # pylint:disable=bare-except
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# Functional API calls may fail for a number of reasons:
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# 1) The layer may be buggy. In this case it will be easier for
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# the user to debug if we fail on the first call on concrete data,
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# instead of our own call on a symbolic input.
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# 2) The layer is dynamic (graph-incompatible) and hasn't
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# overridden `compute_output_shape`. In this case, it is
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# impossible to build a graph network.
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# 3) The layer is otherwise incompatible with the Functional API
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# (e.g. this is the case for some probabilistic layers that rely
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# on hacks and that do not return tensors).
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# In all these cases, we should avoid creating a graph network
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# (or we simply can't).
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self._use_legacy_deferred_behavior = True
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return
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if len(nest.flatten(layer_output)) != 1:
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raise ValueError(SINGLE_LAYER_OUTPUT_ERROR_MSG)
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# Keep track of nodes just created above
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track_nodes_created_by_last_call(layer, created_nodes)
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layer_input = layer_output
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outputs = layer_output
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self._created_nodes = created_nodes
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try:
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# Initialize a graph Network. This call will never fail for
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# a stack of valid Keras layers.
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# However some users have layers that are fundamentally incompatible
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# with the Functional API, which do not return tensors. In this
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# case, we fall back to the legacy deferred behavior.
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# TODO(fchollet): consider raising here, as we should not be
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# supporting such layers.
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self._init_graph_network(inputs, outputs)
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self._graph_initialized = True
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except: # pylint:disable=bare-except
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self._use_legacy_deferred_behavior = True
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self._inferred_input_shape = new_shape
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@generic_utils.default
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def build(self, input_shape=None):
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if self._graph_initialized:
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self._init_graph_network(self.inputs, self.outputs)
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else:
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if input_shape is None:
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raise ValueError('You must provide an `input_shape` argument.')
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self._build_graph_network_for_inferred_shape(input_shape)
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if not self.built:
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input_shape = tuple(input_shape)
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self._build_input_shape = input_shape
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super(Sequential, self).build(input_shape)
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self.built = True
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def call(self, inputs, training=None, mask=None): # pylint: disable=redefined-outer-name
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# If applicable, update the static input shape of the model.
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if not self._has_explicit_input_shape:
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if not tensor_util.is_tf_type(inputs) and not isinstance(
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inputs, np_arrays.ndarray):
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# This is a Sequential with mutiple inputs. This is technically an
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# invalid use case of Sequential, but we tolerate it for backwards
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# compatibility.
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self._use_legacy_deferred_behavior = True
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self._build_input_shape = nest.map_structure(_get_shape_tuple, inputs)
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if tf2.enabled():
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logging.warning('Layers in a Sequential model should only have a '
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'single input tensor, but we receive a %s input: %s'
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'\nConsider rewriting this model with the Functional '
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'API.' % (type(inputs), inputs))
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else:
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self._build_graph_network_for_inferred_shape(inputs.shape, inputs.dtype)
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if self._graph_initialized:
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if not self.built:
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self._init_graph_network(self.inputs, self.outputs)
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return super(Sequential, self).call(inputs, training=training, mask=mask)
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outputs = inputs # handle the corner case where self.layers is empty
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for layer in self.layers:
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# During each iteration, `inputs` are the inputs to `layer`, and `outputs`
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# are the outputs of `layer` applied to `inputs`. At the end of each
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# iteration `inputs` is set to `outputs` to prepare for the next layer.
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kwargs = {}
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argspec = self._layer_call_argspecs[layer].args
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if 'mask' in argspec:
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kwargs['mask'] = mask
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if 'training' in argspec:
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kwargs['training'] = training
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outputs = layer(inputs, **kwargs)
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if len(nest.flatten(outputs)) != 1:
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raise ValueError(SINGLE_LAYER_OUTPUT_ERROR_MSG)
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# `outputs` will be the inputs to the next layer.
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inputs = outputs
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mask = getattr(outputs, '_keras_mask', None)
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return outputs
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def compute_output_shape(self, input_shape):
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shape = input_shape
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for layer in self.layers:
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shape = layer.compute_output_shape(shape)
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return shape
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def compute_mask(self, inputs, mask):
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# TODO(omalleyt): b/123540974 This function is not really safe to call
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# by itself because it will duplicate any updates and losses in graph
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# mode by `call`ing the Layers again.
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outputs = self.call(inputs, mask=mask) # pylint: disable=unexpected-keyword-arg
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return getattr(outputs, '_keras_mask', None)
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def predict_proba(self, x, batch_size=32, verbose=0):
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"""Generates class probability predictions for the input samples.
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The input samples are processed batch by batch.
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Args:
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x: input data, as a Numpy array or list of Numpy arrays
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(if the model has multiple inputs).
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batch_size: integer.
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verbose: verbosity mode, 0 or 1.
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Returns:
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A Numpy array of probability predictions.
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"""
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warnings.warn('`model.predict_proba()` is deprecated and '
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'will be removed after 2021-01-01. '
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'Please use `model.predict()` instead.')
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preds = self.predict(x, batch_size, verbose)
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if preds.min() < 0. or preds.max() > 1.:
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logging.warning('Network returning invalid probability values. '
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'The last layer might not normalize predictions '
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'into probabilities '
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'(like softmax or sigmoid would).')
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return preds
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def predict_classes(self, x, batch_size=32, verbose=0):
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"""Generate class predictions for the input samples.
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The input samples are processed batch by batch.
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Args:
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x: input data, as a Numpy array or list of Numpy arrays
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(if the model has multiple inputs).
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batch_size: integer.
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verbose: verbosity mode, 0 or 1.
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Returns:
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A numpy array of class predictions.
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"""
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warnings.warn('`model.predict_classes()` is deprecated and '
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'will be removed after 2021-01-01. '
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'Please use instead:'
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'* `np.argmax(model.predict(x), axis=-1)`, '
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' if your model does multi-class classification '
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' (e.g. if it uses a `softmax` last-layer activation).'
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'* `(model.predict(x) > 0.5).astype("int32")`, '
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' if your model does binary classification '
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' (e.g. if it uses a `sigmoid` last-layer activation).')
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proba = self.predict(x, batch_size=batch_size, verbose=verbose)
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if proba.shape[-1] > 1:
|
|
return proba.argmax(axis=-1)
|
|
else:
|
|
return (proba > 0.5).astype('int32')
|
|
|
|
def get_config(self):
|
|
layer_configs = []
|
|
for layer in super(Sequential, self).layers:
|
|
# `super().layers` include the InputLayer if available (it is filtered out
|
|
# of `self.layers`). Note that `self._self_tracked_trackables` is managed
|
|
# by the tracking infrastructure and should not be used.
|
|
layer_configs.append(generic_utils.serialize_keras_object(layer))
|
|
config = {
|
|
'name': self.name,
|
|
'layers': copy.deepcopy(layer_configs)
|
|
}
|
|
if not self._is_graph_network and self._build_input_shape is not None:
|
|
config['build_input_shape'] = self._build_input_shape
|
|
return config
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def from_config(cls, config, custom_objects=None):
|
|
if 'name' in config:
|
|
name = config['name']
|
|
build_input_shape = config.get('build_input_shape')
|
|
layer_configs = config['layers']
|
|
else:
|
|
name = None
|
|
build_input_shape = None
|
|
layer_configs = config
|
|
model = cls(name=name)
|
|
for layer_config in layer_configs:
|
|
layer = layer_module.deserialize(layer_config,
|
|
custom_objects=custom_objects)
|
|
model.add(layer)
|
|
if (not model.inputs and build_input_shape and
|
|
isinstance(build_input_shape, (tuple, list))):
|
|
model.build(build_input_shape)
|
|
return model
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def input_spec(self):
|
|
if hasattr(self, '_manual_input_spec'):
|
|
return self._manual_input_spec
|
|
if self.layers and hasattr(self.layers[0], 'input_spec'):
|
|
return self.layers[0].input_spec
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
@input_spec.setter
|
|
def input_spec(self, value):
|
|
self._manual_input_spec = value
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def _trackable_saved_model_saver(self):
|
|
return model_serialization.SequentialSavedModelSaver(self)
|
|
|
|
def _is_layer_name_unique(self, layer):
|
|
for ref_layer in self.layers:
|
|
if layer.name == ref_layer.name and ref_layer is not layer:
|
|
return False
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
def _assert_weights_created(self):
|
|
if self._graph_initialized:
|
|
return
|
|
# When the graph has not been initialized, use the Model's implementation to
|
|
# to check if the weights has been created.
|
|
super(functional.Functional, self)._assert_weights_created() # pylint: disable=bad-super-call
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _get_shape_tuple(t):
|
|
if hasattr(t, 'shape'):
|
|
shape = t.shape
|
|
if isinstance(shape, tuple):
|
|
return shape
|
|
if shape.rank is not None:
|
|
return tuple(shape.as_list())
|
|
return None
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
|
|
def relax_input_shape(shape_1, shape_2):
|
|
if shape_1 is None or shape_2 is None:
|
|
return None
|
|
if len(shape_1) != len(shape_2):
|
|
return None
|
|
return tuple(None if d1 != d2 else d1 for d1, d2 in zip(shape_1, shape_2))
|
|
|
|
|
|
def clear_previously_created_nodes(layer, created_nodes):
|
|
"""Remove nodes from `created_nodes` from the layer's inbound_nodes."""
|
|
for node in layer._inbound_nodes:
|
|
prev_layers = node.inbound_layers
|
|
for prev_layer in nest.flatten(prev_layers):
|
|
prev_layer._outbound_nodes = [
|
|
n for n in prev_layer._outbound_nodes
|
|
if n not in created_nodes]
|
|
layer._inbound_nodes = [
|
|
n for n in layer._inbound_nodes if n not in created_nodes]
|
|
|
|
|
|
def track_nodes_created_by_last_call(layer, created_nodes):
|
|
"""Adds to `created_nodes` the nodes created by the last call to `layer`."""
|
|
if not layer._inbound_nodes:
|
|
return
|
|
created_nodes.add(layer._inbound_nodes[-1])
|
|
prev_layers = layer._inbound_nodes[-1].inbound_layers
|
|
for prev_layer in nest.flatten(prev_layers):
|
|
if prev_layer._outbound_nodes:
|
|
created_nodes.add(prev_layer._outbound_nodes[-1])
|