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<section id="putting-it-all-together">
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<section id="makegames-6">
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<span id="id1"></span><h2>6. Putting it all together<a class="headerlink" href="#makegames-6" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
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<p>So far you've learnt all the basics necessary to build a simple game. You should understand how to create Pygame objects, how Pygame
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displays objects, how it handles events, and how you can use physics to introduce some motion into your game. Now I'll just show how
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you can take all those chunks of code and put them together into a working game. What we need first is to let the ball hit the sides
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of the screen, and for the bat to be able to hit the ball, otherwise there's not going to be much gameplay involved. We do this
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using Pygame's <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/rect.html#pygame.Rect.collidepoint" title="pygame.Rect.collidepoint"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">collision</span></code></a> methods.</p>
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<section id="let-the-ball-hit-sides">
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<span id="makegames-6-1"></span><h3>6.1. Let the ball hit sides<a class="headerlink" href="#let-the-ball-hit-sides" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
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<p>The basic principle behind making it bounce of the sides is easy to grasp. You grab the coordinates of the four corners of the ball,
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and check to see if they correspond with the x or y coordinate of the edge of the screen. So if the top right and top left corners both
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have a y coordinate of zero, you know that the ball is currently on the top edge of the screen. We do all this in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update</span></code> function,
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after we've worked out the new position of the ball.</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">area</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">newpos</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<span class="n">tl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">area</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collidepoint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">newpos</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">topleft</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">tr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">area</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collidepoint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">newpos</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">topright</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">bl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">area</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collidepoint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">newpos</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bottomleft</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">br</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">area</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collidepoint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">newpos</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bottomright</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">tr</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">tl</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">br</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">bl</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<span class="n">angle</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">angle</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">tl</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">bl</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">offcourt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">player</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">tr</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">br</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">offcourt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">player</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vector</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">angle</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Here we check to see if the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">area</span></code>
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contains the new position of the ball (it always should, so we needn't have an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">else</span></code> clause,
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though in other circumstances you might want to consider it). We then check if the coordinates for the four corners
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are <em>colliding</em> with the area's edges, and create objects for each result. If they are, the objects will have a value of 1,
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or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>. If they don't, then the value will be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>. We then see if it has hit the top or bottom, and if it
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has we change the ball's direction. Handily, using radians we can do this by simply reversing its positive/negative value.
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We also check to see if the ball has gone off the sides, and if it has we call the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">offcourt</span></code> function.
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This, in my game, resets the ball, adds 1 point to the score of the player specified when calling the function, and displays the new score.</p>
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<p>Finally, we recompile the vector based on the new angle. And that is it. The ball will now merrily bounce off the walls and go
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offcourt with good grace.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="let-the-ball-hit-bats">
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<span id="makegames-6-2"></span><h3>6.2. Let the ball hit bats<a class="headerlink" href="#let-the-ball-hit-bats" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
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<p>Making the ball hit the bats is very similar to making it hit the sides of the screen. We still use the collide method, but this time
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we check to see if the rectangles for the ball and either bat collide. In this code I've also put in some extra code to avoid various
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glitches. You'll find that you'll have to put all sorts of extra code in to avoid glitches and bugs, so it's good to get used to seeing
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it.</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="c1"># Deflate the rectangles so you can't catch a ball behind the bat</span>
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<span class="n">player1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">inflate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">player2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">inflate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="c1"># Do ball and bat collide?</span>
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<span class="c1"># Note I put in an odd rule that sets self.hit to 1 when they collide, and unsets it in the next</span>
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<span class="c1"># iteration. this is to stop odd ball behaviour where it finds a collision *inside* the</span>
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<span class="c1"># bat, the ball reverses, and is still inside the bat, so bounces around inside.</span>
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<span class="c1"># This way, the ball can always escape and bounce away cleanly</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colliderect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">player1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hit</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="n">angle</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">math</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pi</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">angle</span>
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<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hit</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hit</span>
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<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colliderect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">player2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hit</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="n">angle</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">math</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pi</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">angle</span>
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<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hit</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hit</span>
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<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hit</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hit</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hit</span>
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<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vector</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">angle</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>We start this section with an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">else</span></code> statement, because this carries on from the previous chunk of code to check if the ball
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hits the sides. It makes sense that if it doesn't hit the sides, it might hit a bat, so we carry on the conditional statement. The
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first glitch to fix is to shrink the players' rectangles by 3 pixels in both dimensions, to stop the bat catching a ball that goes
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behind them (if you imagine you just move the bat so that as the ball travels behind it, the rectangles overlap, and so normally the
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ball would then have been "hit" - this prevents that).</p>
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<p>Next we check if the rectangles collide, with one more glitch fix. Notice that I've commented on these odd bits of code - it's always
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good to explain bits of code that are abnormal, both for others who look at your code, and so you understand it when you come back to
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it. The without the fix, the ball might hit a corner of the bat, change direction, and one frame later still find itself inside the
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bat. Then it would again think it has been hit, and change its direction. This can happen several times, making the ball's motion
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completely unrealistic. So we have a variable, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self.hit</span></code>, which we set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> when it has been hit, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> one frame
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later. When we check if the rectangles have collided, we also check if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self.hit</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>/<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>, to stop internal bouncing.</p>
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<p>The important code here is pretty easy to understand. All rectangles have a <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/rect.html#pygame.Rect.colliderect" title="pygame.Rect.colliderect"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">colliderect</span></code></a>
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function, into which you feed the rectangle of another object, which returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the rectangles do overlap, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> if not.
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If they do, we can change the direction by subtracting the current angle from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pi</span></code> (again, a handy trick you can do with radians,
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which will adjust the angle by 90 degrees and send it off in the right direction; you might find at this point that a thorough
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understanding of radians is in order!). Just to finish the glitch checking, we switch <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self.hit</span></code> back to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> if it's the frame
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after they were hit.</p>
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<p>We also then recompile the vector. You would of course want to remove the same line in the previous chunk of code, so that you only do
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this once after the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">if-else</span></code> conditional statement. And that's it! The combined code will now allow the ball to hit sides and bats.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="the-finished-product">
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<span id="makegames-6-3"></span><h3>6.3. The Finished product<a class="headerlink" href="#the-finished-product" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
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<p>The final product, with all the bits of code thrown together, as well as some other bits ofcode to glue it all together, will look
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like this:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">#</span>
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<span class="c1"># Tom's Pong</span>
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<span class="c1"># A simple pong game with realistic physics and AI</span>
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<span class="c1"># http://tomchance.org.uk/projects/pong</span>
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<span class="c1">#</span>
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<span class="c1"># Released under the GNU General Public License</span>
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<span class="n">VERSION</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"0.4"</span>
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<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>
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<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">random</span>
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<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">math</span>
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<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
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<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">getopt</span>
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<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pygame</span>
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<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">socket</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
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<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pygame.locals</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
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<span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">ImportError</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"couldn't load module. </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">err</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">load_png</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">""" Load image and return image object"""</span>
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<span class="n">fullname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"data"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="n">image</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fullname</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_alpha</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
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|
<span class="n">image</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">convert</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="n">image</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">convert_alpha</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">FileNotFoundError</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"Cannot load image: </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">fullname</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">SystemExit</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_rect</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Ball</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sprite</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Sprite</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""A ball that will move across the screen</span>
|
|
<span class="sd"> Returns: ball object</span>
|
|
<span class="sd"> Functions: update, calcnewpos</span>
|
|
<span class="sd"> Attributes: area, vector"""</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xy</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">vector</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|
<span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sprite</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Sprite</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">load_png</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"ball.png"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="n">screen</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">display</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_surface</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">area</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">screen</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_rect</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vector</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">vector</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hit</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|
<span class="n">newpos</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">calcnewpos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">newpos</span>
|
|
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">angle</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vector</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">area</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">newpos</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">area</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collidepoint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">newpos</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">topleft</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">area</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collidepoint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">newpos</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">topright</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="n">bl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">area</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collidepoint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">newpos</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bottomleft</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="n">br</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">area</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collidepoint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">newpos</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bottomright</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">tr</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">tl</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">br</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">bl</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|
<span class="n">angle</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">angle</span>
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">tl</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">bl</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="c1">#self.offcourt()</span>
|
|
<span class="n">angle</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">math</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pi</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">angle</span>
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">tr</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">br</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="n">angle</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">math</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pi</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">angle</span>
|
|
<span class="c1">#self.offcourt()</span>
|
|
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="c1"># Deflate the rectangles so you can't catch a ball behind the bat</span>
|
|
<span class="n">player1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">inflate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="n">player2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">inflate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1"># Do ball and bat collide?</span>
|
|
<span class="c1"># Note I put in an odd rule that sets self.hit to 1 when they collide, and unsets it in the next</span>
|
|
<span class="c1"># iteration. this is to stop odd ball behaviour where it finds a collision *inside* the</span>
|
|
<span class="c1"># bat, the ball reverses, and is still inside the bat, so bounces around inside.</span>
|
|
<span class="c1"># This way, the ball can always escape and bounce away cleanly</span>
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colliderect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">player1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hit</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="n">angle</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">math</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pi</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">angle</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hit</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hit</span>
|
|
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colliderect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">player2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hit</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="n">angle</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">math</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pi</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">angle</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hit</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hit</span>
|
|
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hit</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hit</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hit</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vector</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">angle</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">calcnewpos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">angle</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">vector</span>
|
|
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">dy</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">math</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">angle</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">math</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">angle</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">rect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">move</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dx</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">dy</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Bat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sprite</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Sprite</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Movable tennis 'bat' with which one hits the ball</span>
|
|
<span class="sd"> Returns: bat object</span>
|
|
<span class="sd"> Functions: reinit, update, moveup, movedown</span>
|
|
<span class="sd"> Attributes: which, speed"""</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">side</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|
<span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sprite</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Sprite</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">image</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">load_png</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"bat.png"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="n">screen</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">display</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_surface</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">area</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">screen</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_rect</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">side</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">side</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">speed</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"still"</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reinit</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">reinit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"still"</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">movepos</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">side</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"left"</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">midleft</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">area</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">midleft</span>
|
|
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">side</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"right"</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">midright</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">area</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">midright</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|
<span class="n">newpos</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">move</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">movepos</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">area</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">newpos</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">newpos</span>
|
|
<span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pump</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">moveup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">movepos</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">movepos</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">speed</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"moveup"</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">movedown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">movepos</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">movepos</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">speed</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"movedown"</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
|
<span class="c1"># Initialise screen</span>
|
|
<span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">init</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="n">screen</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">display</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_mode</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">640</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">480</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
|
<span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">display</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_caption</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Basic Pong"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1"># Fill background</span>
|
|
<span class="n">background</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Surface</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">screen</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_size</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
|
<span class="n">background</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">background</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">convert</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="n">background</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fill</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1"># Initialise players</span>
|
|
<span class="k">global</span> <span class="n">player1</span>
|
|
<span class="k">global</span> <span class="n">player2</span>
|
|
<span class="n">player1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Bat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"left"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="n">player2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Bat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"right"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1"># Initialise ball</span>
|
|
<span class="n">speed</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">13</span>
|
|
<span class="n">rand</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="mf">0.1</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">))))</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ball</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Ball</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="mf">0.47</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">speed</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1"># Initialise sprites</span>
|
|
<span class="n">playersprites</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sprite</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RenderPlain</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">player1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">player2</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ballsprite</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sprite</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RenderPlain</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ball</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1"># Blit everything to the screen</span>
|
|
<span class="n">screen</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">blit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">background</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
|
<span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">display</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flip</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1"># Initialise clock</span>
|
|
<span class="n">clock</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Clock</span><span class="p">()</span>
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|
|
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<span class="c1"># Event loop</span>
|
|
<span class="k">while</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="c1"># Make sure game doesn't run at more than 60 frames per second</span>
|
|
<span class="n">clock</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tick</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">event</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">type</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">QUIT</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span>
|
|
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">type</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">KEYDOWN</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">K_a</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="n">player1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">moveup</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">K_z</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="n">player1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">movedown</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">K_UP</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="n">player2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">moveup</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">K_DOWN</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="n">player2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">movedown</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">type</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">KEYUP</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">K_a</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">K_z</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="n">player1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">movepos</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
<span class="n">player1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"still"</span>
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">K_UP</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">K_DOWN</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="n">player2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">movepos</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
<span class="n">player2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"still"</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="n">screen</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">blit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">background</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ball</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ball</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="n">screen</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">blit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">background</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">player1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">player1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="n">screen</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">blit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">background</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">player2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">player2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rect</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ballsprite</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="n">playersprites</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ballsprite</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">draw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">screen</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="n">playersprites</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">draw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">screen</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">display</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flip</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="vm">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"__main__"</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>As well as showing you the final product, I'll point you back to TomPong, upon which all of this is based. Download it, have a look
|
|
at the source code, and you'll see a full implementation of pong using all of the code you've seen in this tutorial, as well as lots of
|
|
other code I've added in various versions, such as some extra physics for spinning, and various other bug and glitch fixes.</p>
|
|
<p>Oh, find TomPong at <a class="reference external" href="http://tomchance.org.uk/projects/pong">http://tomchance.org.uk/projects/pong</a>.</p>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br /><br />
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/pygame/pygame/edit/main/docs/reST/tut\tom_games6.rst" rel="nofollow">Edit on GitHub</a>
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