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474 lines
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<section id="module-pygame.camera">
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<span id="pygame-camera"></span><dl class="definition">
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<dt class="title module sig sig-object">
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pygame.camera</span></code></dt>
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<dd><div class="line-block">
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<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">pygame module for camera use</span></div>
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</div>
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<table class="toc docutils align-default">
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<colgroup>
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<col style="width: 35%" />
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<col style="width: 1%" />
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<col style="width: 64%" />
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</colgroup>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.init">pygame.camera.init</a></div>
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</td>
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<td>—</td>
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<td>Module init</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.get_backends">pygame.camera.get_backends</a></div>
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</td>
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<td>—</td>
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<td>Get the backends supported on this system</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.colorspace">pygame.camera.colorspace</a></div>
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</td>
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<td>—</td>
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<td>Surface colorspace conversion</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.list_cameras">pygame.camera.list_cameras</a></div>
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</td>
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<td>—</td>
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<td>returns a list of available cameras</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.Camera">pygame.camera.Camera</a></div>
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</td>
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<td>—</td>
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<td>load a camera</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<div class="admonition note">
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<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
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<p>Use import pygame.camera before using this module.</p>
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</div>
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<p>Pygame currently supports Linux (V4L2) and Windows (MSMF) cameras natively,
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with wider platform support available via an integrated OpenCV backend.</p>
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<div class="versionadded">
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<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in pygame 2.0.2: </span>Windows native camera support</p>
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</div>
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<div class="versionadded">
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<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in pygame 2.0.3: </span>New OpenCV backends</p>
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</div>
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<p>EXPERIMENTAL!: This API may change or disappear in later pygame releases. If
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you use this, your code will very likely break with the next pygame release.</p>
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<p>The Bayer to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RGB</span></code> function is based on:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Sonix SN9C101 based webcam basic I/F routines
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Copyright (C) 2004 Takafumi Mizuno <taka-qce@ls-a.jp>
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Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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are met:
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1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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SUCH DAMAGE.
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>New in pygame 1.9.0.</p>
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<dl class="py function definition">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.init">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">pygame.camera.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">init</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.init" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><div class="line-block">
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<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">Module init</span></div>
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<div class="line"><span class="signature">init(backend = None) -> None</span></div>
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</div>
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<p>This function starts up the camera module, choosing the best webcam backend
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it can find for your system. This is not guaranteed to succeed, and may even
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attempt to import third party modules, like <cite>OpenCV</cite>. If you want to
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override its backend choice, you can call pass the name of the backend you
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want into this function. More about backends in
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<a class="reference internal" href="#pygame.camera.get_backends" title="pygame.camera.get_backends"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_backends()</span></code></a>.</p>
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<div class="versionchanged">
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<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in pygame 2.0.3: </span>Option to explicitly select backend</p>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py function definition">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.get_backends">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">pygame.camera.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_backends</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.get_backends" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><div class="line-block">
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<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">Get the backends supported on this system</span></div>
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<div class="line"><span class="signature">get_backends() -> [str]</span></div>
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</div>
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<p>This function returns every backend it thinks has a possibility of working
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on your system, in order of priority.</p>
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<p>pygame.camera Backends:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Backend OS Description
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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_camera (MSMF) Windows Builtin, works on Windows 8+ Python3
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_camera (V4L2) Linux Builtin
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OpenCV Any Uses `opencv-python` module, can't enumerate cameras
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OpenCV-Mac Mac Same as OpenCV, but has camera enumeration
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VideoCapture Windows Uses abandoned `VideoCapture` module, can't enumerate
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cameras, may be removed in the future
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>There are two main differences among backends.</p>
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<p>The _camera backends are built in to pygame itself, and require no third
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party imports. All the other backends do. For the OpenCV and VideoCapture
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backends, those modules need to be installed on your system.</p>
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<p>The other big difference is "camera enumeration." Some backends don't have
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a way to list out camera names, or even the number of cameras on the
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system. In these cases, <a class="reference internal" href="#pygame.camera.list_cameras" title="pygame.camera.list_cameras"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list_cameras()</span></code></a> will return
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something like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[0]</span></code>. If you know you have multiple cameras on the
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system, these backend ports will pass through a "camera index number"
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through if you use that as the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">device</span></code> parameter.</p>
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<div class="versionadded">
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<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in pygame 2.0.3.</span></p>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py function definition">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.colorspace">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">pygame.camera.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">colorspace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.colorspace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><div class="line-block">
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<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">Surface colorspace conversion</span></div>
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<div class="line"><span class="signature">colorspace(Surface, format, DestSurface = None) -> Surface</span></div>
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</div>
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<p>Allows for conversion from "RGB" to a destination colorspace of "HSV" or
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"YUV". The source and destination surfaces must be the same size and pixel
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depth. This is useful for computer vision on devices with limited processing
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power. Capture as small of an image as possible, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transform.scale()</span></code> it
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even smaller, and then convert the colorspace to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YUV</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HSV</span></code> before
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doing any processing on it.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py function definition">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.list_cameras">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">pygame.camera.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">list_cameras</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.list_cameras" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><div class="line-block">
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<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">returns a list of available cameras</span></div>
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<div class="line"><span class="signature">list_cameras() -> [cameras]</span></div>
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</div>
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<p>Checks the computer for available cameras and returns a list of strings of
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camera names, ready to be fed into <a class="tooltip reference internal" href="#pygame.camera.Camera" title=""><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pygame.camera.Camera</span></code><span class="tooltip-content">load a camera</span></a>.</p>
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<p>If the camera backend doesn't support webcam enumeration, this will return
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something like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[0]</span></code>. See <a class="reference internal" href="#pygame.camera.get_backends" title="pygame.camera.get_backends"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_backends()</span></code></a> for much more
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information.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="py class definition">
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<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.Camera">
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<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">pygame.camera.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Camera</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.Camera" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><div class="line-block">
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<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">load a camera</span></div>
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<div class="line"><span class="signature">Camera(device, (width, height), format) -> Camera</span></div>
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</div>
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||
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<table class="toc docutils align-default">
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||
|
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<colgroup>
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||
|
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<col style="width: 36%" />
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|
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<col style="width: 1%" />
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<col style="width: 63%" />
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</colgroup>
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<tbody>
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||
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.Camera.start">pygame.camera.Camera.start</a></div>
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||
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</td>
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||
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<td>—</td>
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<td>opens, initializes, and starts capturing</td>
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</tr>
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||
|
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<tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.Camera.stop">pygame.camera.Camera.stop</a></div>
|
||
|
|
</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>—</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>stops, uninitializes, and closes the camera</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.Camera.get_controls">pygame.camera.Camera.get_controls</a></div>
|
||
|
|
</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>—</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>gets current values of user controls</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.Camera.set_controls">pygame.camera.Camera.set_controls</a></div>
|
||
|
|
</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>—</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>changes camera settings if supported by the camera</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.Camera.get_size">pygame.camera.Camera.get_size</a></div>
|
||
|
|
</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>—</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>returns the dimensions of the images being recorded</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.Camera.query_image">pygame.camera.Camera.query_image</a></div>
|
||
|
|
</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>—</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>checks if a frame is ready</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.Camera.get_image">pygame.camera.Camera.get_image</a></div>
|
||
|
|
</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>—</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>captures an image as a Surface</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.Camera.get_raw">pygame.camera.Camera.get_raw</a></div>
|
||
|
|
</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>—</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>returns an unmodified image as bytes</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
</tbody>
|
||
|
|
</table>
|
||
|
|
<p>Loads a camera. On Linux, the device is typically something like
|
||
|
|
"/dev/video0". Default width and height are 640 by 480.
|
||
|
|
Format is the desired colorspace of the output.
|
||
|
|
This is useful for computer vision purposes. The default is
|
||
|
|
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RGB</span></code>. The following are supported:</p>
|
||
|
|
<blockquote>
|
||
|
|
<div><ul class="simple">
|
||
|
|
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RGB</span></code> - Red, Green, Blue</p></li>
|
||
|
|
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YUV</span></code> - Luma, Blue Chrominance, Red Chrominance</p></li>
|
||
|
|
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HSV</span></code> - Hue, Saturation, Value</p></li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
</div></blockquote>
|
||
|
|
<dl class="py method definition">
|
||
|
|
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.Camera.start">
|
||
|
|
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">start</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.start" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><div class="line-block">
|
||
|
|
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">opens, initializes, and starts capturing</span></div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="line"><span class="signature">start() -> None</span></div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<p>Opens the camera device, attempts to initialize it, and begins recording
|
||
|
|
images to a buffer. The camera must be started before any of the below
|
||
|
|
functions can be used.</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dl class="py method definition">
|
||
|
|
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.Camera.stop">
|
||
|
|
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">stop</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.stop" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><div class="line-block">
|
||
|
|
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">stops, uninitializes, and closes the camera</span></div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="line"><span class="signature">stop() -> None</span></div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<p>Stops recording, uninitializes the camera, and closes it. Once a camera
|
||
|
|
is stopped, the below functions cannot be used until it is started again.</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dl class="py method definition">
|
||
|
|
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.Camera.get_controls">
|
||
|
|
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_controls</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.get_controls" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><div class="line-block">
|
||
|
|
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">gets current values of user controls</span></div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="line"><span class="signature">get_controls() -> (hflip = bool, vflip = bool, brightness)</span></div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<p>If the camera supports it, get_controls will return the current settings
|
||
|
|
for horizontal and vertical image flip as bools and brightness as an int.
|
||
|
|
If unsupported, it will return the default values of (0, 0, 0). Note that
|
||
|
|
the return values here may be different than those returned by
|
||
|
|
set_controls, though these are more likely to be correct.</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dl class="py method definition">
|
||
|
|
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.Camera.set_controls">
|
||
|
|
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">set_controls</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.set_controls" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><div class="line-block">
|
||
|
|
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">changes camera settings if supported by the camera</span></div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="line"><span class="signature">set_controls(hflip = bool, vflip = bool, brightness) -> (hflip = bool, vflip = bool, brightness)</span></div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<p>Allows you to change camera settings if the camera supports it. The
|
||
|
|
return values will be the input values if the camera claims it succeeded
|
||
|
|
or the values previously in use if not. Each argument is optional, and
|
||
|
|
the desired one can be chosen by supplying the keyword, like hflip. Note
|
||
|
|
that the actual settings being used by the camera may not be the same as
|
||
|
|
those returned by set_controls. On Windows, <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hflip</span></code> and <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vflip</span></code> are
|
||
|
|
implemented by pygame, not by the Camera, so they should always work, but
|
||
|
|
<code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">brightness</span></code> is unsupported.</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dl class="py method definition">
|
||
|
|
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.Camera.get_size">
|
||
|
|
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_size</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.get_size" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><div class="line-block">
|
||
|
|
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">returns the dimensions of the images being recorded</span></div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="line"><span class="signature">get_size() -> (width, height)</span></div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<p>Returns the current dimensions of the images being captured by the
|
||
|
|
camera. This will return the actual size, which may be different than the
|
||
|
|
one specified during initialization if the camera did not support that
|
||
|
|
size.</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dl class="py method definition">
|
||
|
|
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.Camera.query_image">
|
||
|
|
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">query_image</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.query_image" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><div class="line-block">
|
||
|
|
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">checks if a frame is ready</span></div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="line"><span class="signature">query_image() -> bool</span></div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<p>If an image is ready to get, it returns true. Otherwise it returns false.
|
||
|
|
Note that some webcams will always return False and will only queue a
|
||
|
|
frame when called with a blocking function like <a class="reference internal" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.get_image" title="pygame.camera.Camera.get_image"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_image()</span></code></a>.
|
||
|
|
On Windows (MSMF), and the OpenCV backends, <a class="reference internal" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.query_image" title="pygame.camera.Camera.query_image"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">query_image()</span></code></a>
|
||
|
|
should be reliable, though. This is useful to separate the framerate of
|
||
|
|
the game from that of the camera without having to use threading.</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dl class="py method definition">
|
||
|
|
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.Camera.get_image">
|
||
|
|
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_image</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.get_image" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><div class="line-block">
|
||
|
|
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">captures an image as a Surface</span></div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="line"><span class="signature">get_image(Surface = None) -> Surface</span></div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<p>Pulls an image off of the buffer as an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RGB</span></code> Surface. It can optionally
|
||
|
|
reuse an existing Surface to save time. The bit-depth of the surface is
|
||
|
|
24 bits on Linux, 32 bits on Windows, or the same as the optionally
|
||
|
|
supplied Surface.</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<dl class="py method definition">
|
||
|
|
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.Camera.get_raw">
|
||
|
|
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_raw</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.get_raw" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd><div class="line-block">
|
||
|
|
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">returns an unmodified image as bytes</span></div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="line"><span class="signature">get_raw() -> bytes</span></div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<p>Gets an image from a camera as a string in the native pixelformat of the
|
||
|
|
camera. Useful for integration with other libraries. This returns a
|
||
|
|
bytes object</p>
|
||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</section>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<br /><br />
|
||
|
|
<hr />
|
||
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/pygame/pygame/edit/main/docs/reST/ref\camera.rst" rel="nofollow">Edit on GitHub</a>
|
||
|
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<div class="clearer"></div>
|
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</div>
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</div>
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<li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="../index.html">pygame v2.5.2 documentation</a> »</li>
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<li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pygame.camera</span></code></a></li>
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