Python2017/labs04/Klasy.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Wprowadzenie do Pythona: Klasy\n",
    "\n",
    "## Tomasz Dwojak\n",
    "\n",
    "### 3 grudnia 2017"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Plan na dziś:\n",
    " * klasy,\n",
    " * wyjątki."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Python jest językiem obiektowym \n",
    " * Wszystko jest obiektem: liczby, napisy, None, funkcje, moduły (biblioteki)..."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\nPython da się lubić !\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print((2017).imag)\n",
    "print(' '.join(['Python', 'da', 'się', 'lubić', '!']))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Konstrukcja"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<type 'instance'>\n<type 'instance'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class NajprostszaKlasa:\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "\n",
    "nasza_klasa = NajprostszaKlasa() # Uwaga na nawiasy na końcu!\n",
    "print(type(nasza_klasa))\n",
    "\n",
    "nasza_klasa = NajprostszaKlasa # Uwaga na nawiasy na końcu!\n",
    "print(type(nasza_klasa()))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## (Pseudo) Konstruktor \n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2\n<__main__.Punkt instance at 0x00000000049B3CC8>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class Punkt:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, x, y=0):\n",
    "        self.x = x\n",
    "        self.y = y\n",
    "        \n",
    "# self jak this w C\n",
    "\n",
    "punkt = Punkt(2)\n",
    "print(punkt.x)\n",
    "print(punkt)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class Figura:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, vertexes):\n",
    "        self.vertexes = vertexes\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def liczba_wierzcholkow(self):\n",
    "        return len(self.vertexes)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    #metoda - jedynym argumentem jest self\n",
    "    #funkcja - \n",
    "    \n",
    "    def dodaj_wierzcholek(self, x):\n",
    "        self.vertexes.append(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#dziedziczenie\n",
    "\n",
    "class Prostokat(Figura):\n",
    "    def __init__(self, vertexes):\n",
    "        super().__init__(vertexes)\n",
    "        #lub self.vertexes = vertexes\n",
    "    def czy_jestem_kwadratem(self):\n",
    "        pass\n",
    "        "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class Figura:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, vertexes):\n",
    "        self.vertexes = vertexes\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def liczba_wierzcholkow(self):\n",
    "        return len(self.vertexes)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __len__(self):\n",
    "        return self.liczba_wierzcholkow()\n",
    "    \n",
    "len(Figura([Punkt(2,3), Punkt(3,4), Punkt(0, 0)]))\n",
    "o = Figura([Punkt(2,3), Punkt(3,4), Punkt(0, 0)])\n",
    "len(o)\n",
    "o.__len__()\n",
    "o.liczba_wierzcholkow()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Dobre praktyki: komentarze"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class Punkt(object):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Klasa reprezentująca punkt w 2D.\"\"\"\n",
    "    def __init__(self, x, y):\n",
    "        \"\"\"opis argumentów x i y.\"\"\"\n",
    "        self.x = x\n",
    "        self.y = y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Help on class Punkt in module __main__:\n\nclass Punkt(__builtin__.object)\n |  Klasa reprezentująca punkt w 2D.\n |  \n |  Methods defined here:\n |  \n |  __init__(self, x, y)\n |      opis argumentów x i y.\n |  \n |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n |  Data descriptors defined here:\n |  \n |  __dict__\n |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)\n |  \n |  __weakref__\n |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)\n\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "help(Punkt)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Enkapsulacja: publiczne czy prywatne?\n",
    " * Prywatne zaczynają się od dwóch podkreśleń: ``__``, np. ``def __policz(self)``\n",
    " * chronione tylko w konwencji, zaczynają się od '\\_', np. ``def _parse(self)``\n",
    " * publiczne jest wszystko co nie zaczyna się od '\\_'."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "AttributeError",
     "evalue": "'Parser' object has no attribute '__parse'",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m                            Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-6-80ee186598d3>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      4\u001b[0m \u001b[0mparser\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mParser\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      5\u001b[0m \u001b[0mparser\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_get\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 6\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mparser\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m__parse\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m: 'Parser' object has no attribute '__parse'"
     ],
     "output_type": "error"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class Parser(object):\n",
    "    def __parse(self): pass\n",
    "    def _get(self): pass\n",
    "parser = Parser()\n",
    "parser._get()\n",
    "parser.__parse()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Iteratory"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "instance has no next() method",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0mTraceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-42-c424f51c19dc>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     13\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvertexes\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mindex\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     14\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 15\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mv\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mFigura\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mPunkt\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m3\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mPunkt\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m3\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m4\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mPunkt\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m     16\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mv\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: instance has no next() method"
     ],
     "output_type": "error"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class Figura:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, vertexes):\n",
    "        self.vertexes = vertexes  \n",
    "        \n",
    "    def __iter__(self):\n",
    "        self.index = -1\n",
    "        return self\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __next__(self):\n",
    "        self.index += 1\n",
    "        if self.index == len(self.vertexes):\n",
    "            raise StopIteration\n",
    "        return self.vertexes[self.index]\n",
    "        \n",
    "for v in Figura([Punkt(2,3), Punkt(3,4), Punkt(0, 0)]):\n",
    "    print(v)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Atrybuty i metody statyczne"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "79384200\n48959560\n0\n0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class Klasa:\n",
    "    atrybut = 0\n",
    "\n",
    "klasa = Klasa()\n",
    "#klasa2 = Klasa\n",
    "#klasa2.atrybut=1\n",
    "print(id(Klasa))\n",
    "klasa2 = Klasa()\n",
    "print(id(klasa2))\n",
    "klasa2.atrybut=1\n",
    "\n",
    "print(Klasa.atrybut)  \n",
    "#atrybut wspólny dla wszystkich instancji\n",
    "print(klasa.atrybut)\n",
    "\n",
    "klasa.temp = []"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "unbound method metoda() must be called with Klasa instance as first argument (got nothing instead)",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0mTraceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-62-63152cc2cac6>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      6\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"Jestem statyczna!\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      7\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 8\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mKlasa\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmetoda\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: unbound method metoda() must be called with Klasa instance as first argument (got nothing instead)"
     ],
     "output_type": "error"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class Klasa:\n",
    "    def __init__(self):\n",
    "        self.t = 0\n",
    "    def metoda():\n",
    "        # nie będzie działać self.t = 0\n",
    "        print(\"Jestem statyczna!\")\n",
    "\n",
    "Klasa.metoda()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Wyjątki"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "IOError",
     "evalue": "[Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'nieistniej\\xc4\\x85cy_plik.txt'",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mIOError\u001b[0mTraceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-1-1bebecf2f5c5>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mwith\u001b[0m \u001b[0mopen\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"nieistniejący_plik.txt\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0mplik\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      2\u001b[0m     \u001b[0mcontent\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mplik\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mread\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mIOError\u001b[0m: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'nieistniej\\xc4\\x85cy_plik.txt'"
     ],
     "output_type": "error"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "with open(\"nieistniejący_plik.txt\") as plik:\n",
    "    content = plik.read()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from pandas.compat import FileNotFoundError\n",
    "\n",
    "try:\n",
    "    with open(\"nieistniejący_plik.txt\") as plik:\n",
    "        content = plik.read()\n",
    "except FileNotFoundError:\n",
    "    contenct = \"\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Warning [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'nieistniej\\xc4\\x85cy_plik.txt'\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    with open(\"nieistniejący_plik.txt\") as plik:\n",
    "        content = plik.read()\n",
    "except FileNotFoundError as e:\n",
    "    print(\"Warning {}\".format(e))\n",
    "    contenct = \"\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Warning [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'nieistniej\\xc4\\x85cy_plik.txt'\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    with open(\"nieistniejący_plik.txt\") as plik:\n",
    "        content = plik.read()\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(\"Warning {}\".format(e))\n",
    "    contenct = \"\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    with open(\"nieistniejący_plik.txt\") as plik:\n",
    "        content = plik.read()\n",
    "except:\n",
    "    contenct = \"\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "Exception",
     "evalue": "Empty list of vertexes",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mException\u001b[0mTraceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-19-0884e4d4e2f2>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      5\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvertexes\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mvertexes\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      6\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 7\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mfigura\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mFigura\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-19-0884e4d4e2f2>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m__init__\u001b[1;34m(self, vertexes)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      2\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0m__init__\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mvertexes\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      3\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlen\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvertexes\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m==\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 4\u001b[1;33m             \u001b[1;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mException\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"Empty list of vertexes\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      5\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvertexes\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mvertexes\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      6\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mException\u001b[0m: Empty list of vertexes"
     ],
     "output_type": "error"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class Figura:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, vertexes):\n",
    "        if len(vertexes) == 0:\n",
    "            raise Exception(\"Empty list of vertexes\")\n",
    "        self.vertexes = vertexes\n",
    "        \n",
    "figura = Figura([])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class MyError(Exception):\n",
    "    def __init__(self, text):\n",
    "        self.text = text\n",
    "    def __str__(self):\n",
    "        return self.text"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "MyError",
     "evalue": "Coś poszło nie tak!",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mMyError\u001b[0mTraceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-34-99f654d8334c>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mMyError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"Coś poszło nie tak!\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mMyError\u001b[0m: Coś poszło nie tak!"
     ],
     "output_type": "error"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "raise MyError(\"Coś poszło nie tak!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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