forked from tdwojak/Python2017
663 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
663 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
{
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"cells": [
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": true,
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "slide"
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}
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},
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"source": [
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"# Wprowadzenie do Pythona: Klasy\n",
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"\n",
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"## Tomasz Dwojak\n",
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"\n",
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"### 3 grudnia 2017"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "slide"
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}
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},
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"source": [
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"# Plan na dziś:\n",
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" * klasy,\n",
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" * wyjątki."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "slide"
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}
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},
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"source": [
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"## Python jest językiem obiektowym \n",
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" * Wszystko jest obiektem: liczby, napisy, None, funkcje, moduły (biblioteki)..."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 11,
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "fragment"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"0\n",
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"Python da się lubić !\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"print((2017).imag)\n",
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"print(' '.join(['Python', 'da', 'się', 'lubić', '!']))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "slide"
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}
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},
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"source": [
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"## Konstrukcja"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 18,
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "fragment"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"<class '__main__.NajprostszaKlasa'>\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"class NajprostszaKlasa:\n",
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" pass\n",
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"\n",
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"nasza_klasa = NajprostszaKlasa() # Uwaga na nawiasy na końcu!\n",
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"print(type(nasza_klasa))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "slide"
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}
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},
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"source": [
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"## (Pseudo) Konstruktor \n",
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"\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 30,
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "fragment"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"2\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"class Punkt:\n",
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" def __init__(self, x, y):\n",
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" self.x = x\n",
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" self.y = y\n",
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"\n",
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"punkt = Punkt(2, 3)\n",
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"print(punkt.x)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 25,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": true,
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "slide"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"class Figura:\n",
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" def __init__(self, vertexes):\n",
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" self.vertexes = vertexes\n",
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" \n",
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" def liczba_wierzcholkow(self):\n",
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" return len(self.vertexes)\n",
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" \n",
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" def dodaj_wierzcholek(self, x):\n",
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" self.vertexes.append(x)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 26,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": true,
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "slide"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"class Prostokat(Figura):\n",
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" def __init__(self, vertexes):\n",
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" super().__init__(vertexes)\n",
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" \n",
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" def czy_jestem_kwadratem(self):\n",
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" pass\n",
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" "
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 28,
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "slide"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"3"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 28,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"class Figura:\n",
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" def __init__(self, vertexes):\n",
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" self.vertexes = vertexes\n",
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" \n",
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" def liczba_wierzcholkow(self):\n",
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" return len(self.vertexes)\n",
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" \n",
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" def __len__(self):\n",
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" return self.liczba_wierzcholkow()\n",
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" \n",
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"len(Figura([Punkt(2,3), Punkt(3,4), Punkt(0, 0)]))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "slide"
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}
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},
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"source": [
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"## Dobre praktyki: komentarze"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 4,
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "fragment"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"class Punkt(object):\n",
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" \"\"\"Klasa reprezentująca punkt w 2D.\"\"\"\n",
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" def __init__(self, x, y):\n",
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" \"\"\"opis argumentów x i y.\"\"\"\n",
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" self.x = x\n",
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" self.y = y"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 5,
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "slide"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"Help on class Punkt in module __main__:\n",
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"\n",
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"class Punkt(builtins.object)\n",
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" | Klasa reprezentująca punkt w 2D.\n",
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" | \n",
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" | Methods defined here:\n",
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" | \n",
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" | __init__(self, x, y)\n",
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" | opis argumentów x i y.\n",
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" | \n",
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" | ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
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" | Data descriptors defined here:\n",
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" | \n",
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" | __dict__\n",
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" | dictionary for instance variables (if defined)\n",
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" | \n",
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" | __weakref__\n",
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" | list of weak references to the object (if defined)\n",
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"\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"help(Punkt)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "slide"
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}
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},
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"source": [
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"## Enkapsulacja: publiczne czy prywatne?\n",
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" * Prywatne zaczynają się od dwóch podkreśleń: ``__``, np. ``def __policz(self)``\n",
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" * chronione tylko w konwencji, zaczynają się od '\\_', np. ``def _parse(self)``\n",
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" * publiczne jest wszystko co nie zaczyna się od '\\_'."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 6,
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "slide"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"ename": "AttributeError",
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"evalue": "'Parser' object has no attribute '__parse'",
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"output_type": "error",
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"traceback": [
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"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
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"\u001b[0;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
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"\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-6-80ee186598d3>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 4\u001b[0m \u001b[0mparser\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mParser\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 5\u001b[0m \u001b[0mparser\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_get\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 6\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mparser\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m__parse\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
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"\u001b[0;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m: 'Parser' object has no attribute '__parse'"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"class Parser(object):\n",
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" def __parse(self): pass\n",
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" def _get(self): pass\n",
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"parser = Parser()\n",
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"parser._get()\n",
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"parser.__parse()"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "slide"
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}
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},
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"source": [
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"## Iteratory"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 7,
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "fragment"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"<__main__.Punkt object at 0x7f728015b358>\n",
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"<__main__.Punkt object at 0x7f728015b4a8>\n",
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"<__main__.Punkt object at 0x7f728015b438>\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"class Figura:\n",
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" def __init__(self, vertexes):\n",
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" self.vertexes = vertexes \n",
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" \n",
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" def __iter__(self):\n",
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" self.index = -1\n",
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" return self\n",
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" \n",
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" def __next__(self):\n",
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" self.index += 1\n",
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" if self.index == len(self.vertexes):\n",
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" raise StopIteration\n",
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" return self.vertexes[self.index]\n",
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" \n",
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"for v in Figura([Punkt(2,3), Punkt(3,4), Punkt(0, 0)]):\n",
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" print(v)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": true,
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "slide"
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}
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},
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"source": [
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"## Atrybuty i metody statyczne"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 16,
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "fragment"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"0\n",
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"0\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"class Klasa:\n",
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" atrybut = 0\n",
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"\n",
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"klasa = Klasa()\n",
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"print(Klasa.atrybut)\n",
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"print(klasa.atrybut)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 19,
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "slide"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"Jestem statyczna!\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"class Klasa:\n",
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" def __init__(self):\n",
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" self.t = 0\n",
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" def metoda():\n",
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" print(\"Jestem statyczna!\")\n",
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"\n",
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"Klasa.metoda()"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
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||
"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "slide"
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||
}
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},
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"source": [
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"## Wyjątki"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 20,
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "fragment"
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||
}
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"ename": "FileNotFoundError",
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"evalue": "[Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'nieistniejący_plik.txt'",
|
||
"output_type": "error",
|
||
"traceback": [
|
||
"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
|
||
"\u001b[0;31mFileNotFoundError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
|
||
"\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-20-41928d542bef>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;32mwith\u001b[0m \u001b[0mopen\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"nieistniejący_plik.txt\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0mplik\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m 2\u001b[0m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mplik\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mread\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0;31mFileNotFoundError\u001b[0m: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'nieistniejący_plik.txt'"
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]
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||
}
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],
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"source": [
|
||
"with open(\"nieistniejący_plik.txt\") as plik:\n",
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" content = plik.read()"
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]
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},
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{
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||
"cell_type": "code",
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||
"execution_count": 23,
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||
"metadata": {
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||
"slideshow": {
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||
"slide_type": "slide"
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||
}
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||
},
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||
"outputs": [],
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||
"source": [
|
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"try:\n",
|
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" with open(\"nieistniejący_plik.txt\") as plik:\n",
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" content = plik.read()\n",
|
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"except FileNotFoundError:\n",
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" contenct = \"\""
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]
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},
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||
{
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||
"cell_type": "code",
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||
"execution_count": 27,
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||
"metadata": {
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||
"slideshow": {
|
||
"slide_type": "slide"
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||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"outputs": [
|
||
{
|
||
"name": "stdout",
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||
"output_type": "stream",
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||
"text": [
|
||
"Warning [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'nieistniejący_plik.txt'\n"
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]
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}
|
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],
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"source": [
|
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"try:\n",
|
||
" with open(\"nieistniejący_plik.txt\") as plik:\n",
|
||
" content = plik.read()\n",
|
||
"except FileNotFoundError as e:\n",
|
||
" print(\"Warning {}\".format(e))\n",
|
||
" contenct = \"\""
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||
"execution_count": 28,
|
||
"metadata": {
|
||
"slideshow": {
|
||
"slide_type": "slide"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"outputs": [
|
||
{
|
||
"name": "stdout",
|
||
"output_type": "stream",
|
||
"text": [
|
||
"Warning [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'nieistniejący_plik.txt'\n"
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
],
|
||
"source": [
|
||
"try:\n",
|
||
" with open(\"nieistniejący_plik.txt\") as plik:\n",
|
||
" content = plik.read()\n",
|
||
"except Exception as e:\n",
|
||
" print(\"Warning {}\".format(e))\n",
|
||
" contenct = \"\""
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||
"execution_count": 29,
|
||
"metadata": {
|
||
"collapsed": true,
|
||
"slideshow": {
|
||
"slide_type": "slide"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"outputs": [],
|
||
"source": [
|
||
"try:\n",
|
||
" with open(\"nieistniejący_plik.txt\") as plik:\n",
|
||
" content = plik.read()\n",
|
||
"except:\n",
|
||
" contenct = \"\""
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||
"execution_count": 30,
|
||
"metadata": {
|
||
"collapsed": true,
|
||
"slideshow": {
|
||
"slide_type": "slide"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"outputs": [],
|
||
"source": [
|
||
"class Figura:\n",
|
||
" def __init__(self, vertexes):\n",
|
||
" if len(vertexes) == 0:\n",
|
||
" raise Exception(\"Empty list of vertexes\")\n",
|
||
" self.vertexes = vertexes"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||
"execution_count": 35,
|
||
"metadata": {
|
||
"collapsed": true,
|
||
"slideshow": {
|
||
"slide_type": "slide"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"outputs": [],
|
||
"source": [
|
||
"class MyError(Exception):\n",
|
||
" def __init__(self, text):\n",
|
||
" self.text = text\n",
|
||
" def __str__(self):\n",
|
||
" return self.text"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||
"execution_count": 36,
|
||
"metadata": {
|
||
"slideshow": {
|
||
"slide_type": "fragment"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"outputs": [
|
||
{
|
||
"ename": "MyError",
|
||
"evalue": "Coś poszło nie tak!",
|
||
"output_type": "error",
|
||
"traceback": [
|
||
"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
|
||
"\u001b[0;31mMyError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
|
||
"\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-36-4fb306b42ebc>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mMyError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"Coś poszło nie tak!\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
|
||
"\u001b[0;31mMyError\u001b[0m: Coś poszło nie tak!"
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
],
|
||
"source": [
|
||
"raise MyError(\"Coś poszło nie tak!\")"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||
"execution_count": null,
|
||
"metadata": {
|
||
"collapsed": true
|
||
},
|
||
"outputs": [],
|
||
"source": []
|
||
}
|
||
],
|
||
"metadata": {
|
||
"celltoolbar": "Slideshow",
|
||
"kernelspec": {
|
||
"display_name": "Python 3",
|
||
"language": "python",
|
||
"name": "python3"
|
||
},
|
||
"language_info": {
|
||
"codemirror_mode": {
|
||
"name": "ipython",
|
||
"version": 3
|
||
},
|
||
"file_extension": ".py",
|
||
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
|
||
"name": "python",
|
||
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
|
||
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
|
||
"version": "3.6.3"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"nbformat": 4,
|
||
"nbformat_minor": 2
|
||
}
|