szwedek
/
Python2017
forked from tdwojak/Python2017
1
0
Fork 0
Code Releases Activity
Python2017/labs04/Klasy.ipynb

692 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true,
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"source": [
"# Wprowadzenie do Pythona: Klasy\n",
"\n",
"## Tomasz Dwojak\n",
"\n",
"### 3 grudnia 2017"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"source": [
"# Plan na dziś:\n",
" * klasy,\n",
" * wyjątki."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"source": [
"## Python jest językiem obiektowym \n",
" * Wszystko jest obiektem: liczby, napisy, None, funkcje, moduły (biblioteki)..."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "fragment"
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\nPython da się lubić !\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print((2017).imag)\n",
"print(' '.join(['Python', 'da', 'się', 'lubić', '!']))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"source": [
"## Konstrukcja"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "fragment"
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<type 'instance'>\n<type 'instance'>\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"class NajprostszaKlasa:\n",
" pass\n",
"\n",
"nasza_klasa = NajprostszaKlasa() # Uwaga na nawiasy na końcu!\n",
"print(type(nasza_klasa))\n",
"\n",
"nasza_klasa = NajprostszaKlasa # Uwaga na nawiasy na końcu!\n",
"print(type(nasza_klasa()))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"source": [
"## (Pseudo) Konstruktor \n",
"\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 14,
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "fragment"
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"2\n<__main__.Punkt instance at 0x00000000049B3CC8>\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"class Punkt:\n",
" def __init__(self, x, y=0):\n",
" self.x = x\n",
" self.y = y\n",
" \n",
"# self jak this w C\n",
"\n",
"punkt = Punkt(2)\n",
"print(punkt.x)\n",
"print(punkt)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 20,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true,
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"class Figura:\n",
" def __init__(self, vertexes):\n",
" self.vertexes = vertexes\n",
" \n",
" def liczba_wierzcholkow(self):\n",
" return len(self.vertexes)\n",
" \n",
" #metoda - jedynym argumentem jest self\n",
" #funkcja - \n",
" \n",
" def dodaj_wierzcholek(self, x):\n",
" self.vertexes.append(x)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 22,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true,
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"#dziedziczenie\n",
"\n",
"class Prostokat(Figura):\n",
" def __init__(self, vertexes):\n",
" super().__init__(vertexes)\n",
" #lub self.vertexes = vertexes\n",
" def czy_jestem_kwadratem(self):\n",
" pass\n",
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 41,
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"3"
]
},
"execution_count": 41,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"class Figura:\n",
" def __init__(self, vertexes):\n",
" self.vertexes = vertexes\n",
" \n",
" def liczba_wierzcholkow(self):\n",
" return len(self.vertexes)\n",
" \n",
" def __len__(self):\n",
" return self.liczba_wierzcholkow()\n",
" \n",
"len(Figura([Punkt(2,3), Punkt(3,4), Punkt(0, 0)]))\n",
"o = Figura([Punkt(2,3), Punkt(3,4), Punkt(0, 0)])\n",
"len(o)\n",
"o.__len__()\n",
"o.liczba_wierzcholkow()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"source": [
"## Dobre praktyki: komentarze"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 33,
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "fragment"
}
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"class Punkt(object):\n",
" \"\"\"Klasa reprezentująca punkt w 2D.\"\"\"\n",
" def __init__(self, x, y):\n",
" \"\"\"opis argumentów x i y.\"\"\"\n",
" self.x = x\n",
" self.y = y"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 34,
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Help on class Punkt in module __main__:\n\nclass Punkt(__builtin__.object)\n | Klasa reprezentująca punkt w 2D.\n | \n | Methods defined here:\n | \n | __init__(self, x, y)\n | opis argumentów x i y.\n | \n | ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n | Data descriptors defined here:\n | \n | __dict__\n | dictionary for instance variables (if defined)\n | \n | __weakref__\n | list of weak references to the object (if defined)\n\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"help(Punkt)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"source": [
"## Enkapsulacja: publiczne czy prywatne?\n",
" * Prywatne zaczynają się od dwóch podkreśleń: ``__``, np. ``def __policz(self)``\n",
" * chronione tylko w konwencji, zaczynają się od '\\_', np. ``def _parse(self)``\n",
" * publiczne jest wszystko co nie zaczyna się od '\\_'."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "AttributeError",
"evalue": "'Parser' object has no attribute '__parse'",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[0;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-6-80ee186598d3>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 4\u001b[0m \u001b[0mparser\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mParser\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 5\u001b[0m \u001b[0mparser\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_get\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 6\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mparser\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m__parse\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[0;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m: 'Parser' object has no attribute '__parse'"
],
"output_type": "error"
}
],
"source": [
"class Parser(object):\n",
" def __parse(self): pass\n",
" def _get(self): pass\n",
"parser = Parser()\n",
"parser._get()\n",
"parser.__parse()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"source": [
"## Iteratory"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 42,
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "fragment"
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "TypeError",
"evalue": "instance has no next() method",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[1;31m\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0mTraceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-42-c424f51c19dc>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 13\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvertexes\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mindex\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 14\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 15\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mv\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mFigura\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mPunkt\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m3\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mPunkt\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m3\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m4\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mPunkt\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 16\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mv\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: instance has no next() method"
],
"output_type": "error"
}
],
"source": [
"class Figura:\n",
" def __init__(self, vertexes):\n",
" self.vertexes = vertexes \n",
" \n",
" def __iter__(self):\n",
" self.index = -1\n",
" return self\n",
" \n",
" def __next__(self):\n",
" self.index += 1\n",
" if self.index == len(self.vertexes):\n",
" raise StopIteration\n",
" return self.vertexes[self.index]\n",
" \n",
"for v in Figura([Punkt(2,3), Punkt(3,4), Punkt(0, 0)]):\n",
" print(v)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true,
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"source": [
"## Atrybuty i metody statyczne"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "fragment"
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"79384200\n48959560\n0\n0\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"class Klasa:\n",
" atrybut = 0\n",
"\n",
"klasa = Klasa()\n",
"#klasa2 = Klasa\n",
"#klasa2.atrybut=1\n",
"print(id(Klasa))\n",
"klasa2 = Klasa()\n",
"print(id(klasa2))\n",
"klasa2.atrybut=1\n",
"\n",
"print(Klasa.atrybut) \n",
"#atrybut wspólny dla wszystkich instancji\n",
"print(klasa.atrybut)\n",
"\n",
"klasa.temp = []"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 62,
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "TypeError",
"evalue": "unbound method metoda() must be called with Klasa instance as first argument (got nothing instead)",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[1;31m\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0mTraceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-62-63152cc2cac6>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 6\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"Jestem statyczna!\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 7\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 8\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mKlasa\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmetoda\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: unbound method metoda() must be called with Klasa instance as first argument (got nothing instead)"
],
"output_type": "error"
}
],
"source": [
"class Klasa:\n",
" def __init__(self):\n",
" self.t = 0\n",
" def metoda():\n",
" # nie będzie działać self.t = 0\n",
" print(\"Jestem statyczna!\")\n",
"\n",
"Klasa.metoda()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"source": [
"## Wyjątki"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "fragment"
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "IOError",
"evalue": "[Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'nieistniej\\xc4\\x85cy_plik.txt'",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[1;31m\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[1;31mIOError\u001b[0mTraceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-1-1bebecf2f5c5>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mwith\u001b[0m \u001b[0mopen\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"nieistniejący_plik.txt\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0mplik\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 2\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcontent\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mplik\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mread\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;31mIOError\u001b[0m: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'nieistniej\\xc4\\x85cy_plik.txt'"
],
"output_type": "error"
}
],
"source": [
"with open(\"nieistniejący_plik.txt\") as plik:\n",
" content = plik.read()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 31,
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from pandas.compat import FileNotFoundError\n",
"\n",
"try:\n",
" with open(\"nieistniejący_plik.txt\") as plik:\n",
" content = plik.read()\n",
"except FileNotFoundError:\n",
" contenct = \"\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 32,
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Warning [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'nieistniej\\xc4\\x85cy_plik.txt'\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" with open(\"nieistniejący_plik.txt\") as plik:\n",
" content = plik.read()\n",
"except FileNotFoundError as e:\n",
" print(\"Warning {}\".format(e))\n",
" contenct = \"\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 13,
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Warning [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'nieistniej\\xc4\\x85cy_plik.txt'\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" with open(\"nieistniejący_plik.txt\") as plik:\n",
" content = plik.read()\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print(\"Warning {}\".format(e))\n",
" contenct = \"\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 14,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true,
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" with open(\"nieistniejący_plik.txt\") as plik:\n",
" content = plik.read()\n",
"except:\n",
" contenct = \"\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 19,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true,
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "Exception",
"evalue": "Empty list of vertexes",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[1;31m\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[1;31mException\u001b[0mTraceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-19-0884e4d4e2f2>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 5\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvertexes\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mvertexes\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 6\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 7\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mfigura\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mFigura\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-19-0884e4d4e2f2>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m__init__\u001b[1;34m(self, vertexes)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 2\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0m__init__\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mvertexes\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 3\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlen\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvertexes\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m==\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 4\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mException\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"Empty list of vertexes\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 5\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvertexes\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mvertexes\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 6\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[1;31mException\u001b[0m: Empty list of vertexes"
],
"output_type": "error"
}
],
"source": [
"class Figura:\n",
" def __init__(self, vertexes):\n",
" if len(vertexes) == 0:\n",
" raise Exception(\"Empty list of vertexes\")\n",
" self.vertexes = vertexes\n",
" \n",
"figura = Figura([])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 27,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true,
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"class MyError(Exception):\n",
" def __init__(self, text):\n",
" self.text = text\n",
" def __str__(self):\n",
" return self.text"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 34,
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "fragment"
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "MyError",
"evalue": "Coś poszło nie tak!",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[1;31m\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[1;31mMyError\u001b[0mTraceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-34-99f654d8334c>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mMyError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"Coś poszło nie tak!\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[1;31mMyError\u001b[0m: Coś poszło nie tak!"
],
"output_type": "error"
}
],
"source": [
"raise MyError(\"Coś poszło nie tak!\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
}
],
"metadata": {
"celltoolbar": "Slideshow",
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.6.3"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 2
}
View Git Blame Copy Permalink